Adverb is one of the important part of English Grammar and Spoken English. So, It is necessary to give information about Adverb. Its knowledge is necessary for all English speakers and here it is presented in Hindi and English.
इन वाक्यों को देखें –
The child runs slowly.
She writes beautifully.
They fought bravely.
He is too old.
Ram is very kind.
She walked very slowly.
इन वाक्यों में आए शब्द slowly, beautifully, bravely, too और very पर विचार करें | ये क्रमश: runs (verb), writes (verb), fought (verb), old (adj.) तथा kind (adj.) & slowly (adv.) की विशेषता बता रहे है| ये अभीष्ट Verb/Adjective/Adverb के अर्थ को और अधिक स्पष्ट कर रहे हैं | ऐसे शब्दों को हम Grammar की भाषा में Adverbs कहते हैं |
Definition: Adverb वह शब्द है, जो किसी Verb, Adjective या दुसरे Adverb की विशेषता बताता है |
* An adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
*An adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb an adjective or another adverb.
Examples: slowly, carefully, beautifully, clearly, quickly, loudly, sadly, hardly, very, too, yesterday, today, soon, here, there, etc.
KINDS OF THE ADVERB
Adverb के निम्नलिखित मुख्य भेद हैं –
1. Adverbs of things (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
2. Adverbs of frequency ( आव्रत्तिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
3. Adverbs of Manner (रीतिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
4. Adverbs of Place (स्थानवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
5. Adverbs of Degree (परिमाणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
6. Interrogative Adverbs (प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
7. Adverbs of Negation and Affirmation (नकारात्मक क्रियाविशेषण )
8. Adverbs of Reason (कारणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
9. Relative Adverbs (सबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )
1. Adverbs of Time: Adverbs of Time से क्रिया के संपादन के समय का बोध होता है |
* Adverbs of time tell the time of an action.
Examples: today, yesterday, tomorrow, now, then, soon, late, lately, just, ago, before, immediately, etc.
(a) He came yesterday.
Came when (कब आया )? – yesterday
(b) He will come soon.
will come when (कब आएगा)? – soon
स्पष्टत: yesterday और soon Adverbs of Time हैं |
2. Adverbs of Frequency: Adverbs of Frequency से बोध होता है कि किसी कार्य का संपादन ‘कितनी बार’ हुआ, होता है या होगा |
* Adverbs of frequency tell how often or how frequency an action is done.
Examples: never, always, once, twice, daily, regularly, again, seldom (बिरले ही ) occasionally (यदा-कदा, समय-समय पर), etc.
Note: क्रिया के साथ how often (कितनी बार) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रूप में आता है, वह Adverbs of Frequency कहलाता है | जैसे –
(a) He came here often twice.
Came how often (कितनी बार आया) ? – twice
(b) I have always helped you.
Helped how often (कितनी बार मदद की है)? – always
स्पष्टत: twice और always Adverbs of Frequency हैं |
3. Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs of Manner से यह बोध होता है कि क्रिया का संपादन किस ढंग से या कैसे होता है |
* Adverbs of manner tell how or in what manner an action is done.
Examples: slowly, carefully, beautifully, sadly, bravely, loudly, quickly, fast (तेजी से ), hard (कड़ाई से), well (अच्छी तरह से ), etc.
Note: Verb के साथ how (कैसे) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रूप में आता है, वह adverb of Manner कहलाता है जैसे –
(a) She writes beautifully.
Writes how (कैसे लिखती है) ?- beautifully
(b) He runs fast.
Runs how (कैसे दोड़ता है ) ?- fast
स्पष्टत: beautifully और fast adverbs of Manner हैं |
4. Adverbs of place : Adverbs of Place से कार्य के संपादन के स्थान का बोध होता है |
* Adverbs of place tell where or at what place an action is done.
Examples: here, there, everywhere, up, down, outside, within, near, below, away, etc.
Note: Verb के साथ (कहाँ) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रूप में आता हैं वह कहलाता है जैसे –
(a) Go there.
Go there (कहाँ जाओ ) ? – outside
स्पष्टत : there और outside Adverbs of Place हैं |
5. Adverbs of Degree: Adverbs of Degree से यह बोध होता है कि किसी Action, Adjective या Adverb की तीव्रता किस हद तक या कितनी है |
* Adverbs of degree indicate the degree of intensity of an action or an adjectives or an adverb.
Examples: very, much, enough, too, quite (बिलकुल, नितांत), hardly (मुश्किल से), exactly (ठीक – ठीक), nearly (लगभग, करीब – करीब), almost (लगभग, करीब – करीब), etc.
Note: Verb के साथ how much/to what degree/to what extant (कितना/ कितनी) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रुप में आता है, वह Adverb of Degree कहलाता है जैसे –
(a) Sita is very happy.
Happy how much (कितना खुश) ? – very (बहुत)
(b) She hardly knows me.
knows to what extent (कितनी जानती है) ? – hardly (मुश्किल से, नहीं के बराबर)
स्पष्टत : very और hardly Adverbs of Degree हैं |
6. Interrogative Adverbs: when, where, how, why, how, long, how much, how many, how often, इत्यादि का प्रयोग जब प्रश्न करने मेंं किया जाता है, तब इन्हें Interrogative Adverbs कहते हैं |
* when, where, how, why, how, long, how much often, how many, etc are called interrogative adverbs
when they are used in asking questions.
इन वाक्यों में Interrogative Adverbs के प्रयोग को देखें –
Where is Mukul?
When will you go?
How did he fight?
How often do you drink?
7. Adverbs of Negation And Affirmation: किसी प्रश्न के स्वीकारात्मक जवाब के लिए yes, surely, certainly (निश्चित रुप से ) इत्यादि का प्रयोग करते है| इन्हें Adverbs of Affirmation कहते हैं | पुन: नकारात्मक जनाब के लिए no, not, never इत्यादि का प्रयोग करते हैं| इन्हें Adverbs of Negation कहता हैं |
8 Adverbs of Reason: Adverbs of reason tell the reason of the action.
Examples: therefore, hence, thus, do , etc.
He, therefore, left, school.
thus, she became angry.
9. Relative Adverbs: Relative Adverbs अपने बाद आनेवाले Verbs को modify करतें हैं और साथ ही दो वाक्यों को एक साथ जोड़ते हैं |
* Relative adverbs modify the verbs following them and at the same time join two sentences together.
Note: Relative adverbs और Interrogative Adverbs दोनों के एक ही रुप हैं, लेकिन जहाँ का प्रयोग प्रश्न किए जाने में किया जाता हैं, वहीं का प्रयोग दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने में किया जाता है |
Examples of Relative Adverbs: where, how, when, why, how, long how much, how many, etc.
This is the house where he lived.
Let me know when you will come.
I don’t know the reason why he left the place.
Do you know how he will act.
I don’t know how much he has.
Exercise
Direction: Bold the adverbs in these sentences-
Examples:
(a) He will come tomorrow.
(b) He never comes late.
1. What are you doing today?
2. I always speak the truth.
3. The child runs slowly.
4. There was water everywhere.
5. She is very beautiful.
6. Where is the book?
7. He does not write well.
8. He, therefore, left school.
9. I shall come soon.
10. Yesterday he came here.
11. I never go there.
12. You should take exercise regularly.
13. He came here twice.
14. She writes beautifully.
15. You should work hard.
16. How will you stay outside?
17. Stand up on the bench.
18. The tea is too hot.
19. Yes, I am ready.
20. She can hardly walk.
Answers:
1. What are you doing today?
2. I always speak the truth.
3. The child runs slowly.
4. There was water everywhere.
5. She is very beautiful.
6. Where is the book?
7. He does not write well.
8. He, therefore, left school.
9. I shall come soon.
10. 1. What are you doing today?
2. I always speak the truth.
3. The child runs slowly.
4. There was water everywhere.
5. She is very beautiful.
6. Where is the book?
7. He does not write well.
8. He, therefore, left school.
9. I shall come soon.
10. Yesterday he came here.
11. I never go there.
12. You should take exercise regularly.
13. He came here twice.
14. She writes beautifully.
15. You should work hard.
16. How will you stay outside?
17. Stand up on the bench.
18. The tea is too hot.
19. Yes, I am ready.
20. She can hardly walk.
Exercise
Direction: Bold the adverbs in these sentences –
1. Why do you not come here regularly?
2. God is everywhere.
3. Do it now.
4. It is quite wrong.
5. I do not know him much.
6. He knows me very well.
7. This is the place where he was caught.
8. How are you today?
9. He comes here daily.
10. That day he arrived late.
11. Come in.
12. Is Mr Chopra within?
13. My brother is out.
14. He can read clearly.
15. Slowly and sadly he spoke to me.
16. They fought bravely.
17. I am fully satisfied.
18. The patient is no better.
19. This is the house where he lived.
20. Go back.
Answers:
1. Why do you not come here regularly?
2. God is everywhere.
3. Do it now.
4. It is quite wrong.
5. I do not know him much.
6. He knows me very well.
7. This is the place where he was caught.
8. This is the place where he was caught.
9. He comes here daily.
10. That day he arrived late.
11. Come in.
12. Is Mr. Chopra within?
13. My brother is out.
14. He can read clearly.
15. Slowly and sadly he spoke to me.
16. They fought bravely.
17. I am fully satisfied.
18. The patient is no better.
19. This is the house where he lived.
20. Go back.