Author: Iqra

  • Write an Article on How to improve English

    Here we are presenting an Article on how to improve English. We have provided basic steps to improve English. Take a look.

    1. Write a Article How to improve English.

    How to Improve Your English: A Comprehensive Guide

    Improving your English is a journey that requires dedication, practice, and patience. Whether you’re learning English as a second language or aiming to refine your skills, there are several effective ways to improve your proficiency. Here are some practical tips to help you on your path to mastering English:

    1. Read Regularly

    Reading is one of the best ways to improve your vocabulary, sentence structure, and comprehension skills. Start with books, newspapers, or online articles that interest you. Choose material that suits your current level of understanding, and gradually challenge yourself with more advanced texts. Reading aloud can also help with pronunciation and fluency.

    2. Practice Speaking

    Speaking is a key component of language learning. Find opportunities to speak English, whether it’s with friends, language exchange partners, or even by talking to yourself. You can join language groups or practice through apps and online platforms. Don’t worry about making mistakes – the more you speak, the more confident you will become.

    3. Expand Your Vocabulary

    Building a strong vocabulary is essential to effective communication. Make it a habit to learn new words every day. You can write them down in a notebook, use flashcards, or even track them in a language-learning app. Try to use new words in sentences to reinforce your learning.

    4. Watch English Movies and TV Shows

    Watching English movies, TV shows, and documentaries helps improve listening skills and exposes you to different accents, pronunciations, and colloquial expressions. Try watching with subtitles initially to understand better, then challenge yourself by watching without them.

    5. Listen to English Music and Podcasts

    Listening to English songs and podcasts can improve your listening comprehension. They often introduce informal language and slang that may not be found in textbooks. Listen carefully to the lyrics and try to understand the meaning of new words.

    6. Engage in Writing Practice

    Writing is another effective way to improve your English. Start by writing short paragraphs or essays on topics that interest you. Keep a journal, write emails, or engage in online forums where you can exchange ideas in English. The more you write, the better your grammar and sentence structure will become.

    7. Learn Grammar and Sentence Structure

    Understanding the basic rules of grammar is essential to speaking and writing correctly in English. While it may seem challenging, focusing on one concept at a time – such as verb tenses, prepositions, or sentence construction – can help simplify the process. Use online grammar tools or grammar books for reference.

    8. Be Consistent and Patient

    Improving your English requires consistency. Make it a daily habit to practice your reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. It’s important to be patient with yourself. Progress may seem slow at times, but with regular practice, you will see significant improvements.

    9. Use Language Learning Apps

    There are numerous apps and websites designed to help you improve your English. Apps like Duolingo, Babbel, and Memrise offer interactive lessons that make learning fun and efficient. These platforms can help you improve vocabulary, grammar, and speaking skills in a structured manner.

    10. Get Feedback

    To continue improving, seek feedback from proficient English speakers. Ask them to correct your mistakes and offer suggestions. Constructive feedback will help you understand areas where you need improvement.

    Conclusion

    Improving your English is a continuous process, but with dedication, practice, and the right tools, you can make steady progress. The key is consistency and finding enjoyable ways to engage with the language. Over time, you’ll become more confident in your English skills and find yourself using the language with ease in everyday situations.

  • Write Speech On Mahatma Gandhi

    Here we have presented a speech on Mahatma Gandhi of 300 Words, short and 1 minute speech.

    1. Write a Speech on Mahatma Gandhi of 300 Words.

    Good morning respected teachers, friends, and fellow students,

    Today, I stand before you to speak about one of the most remarkable individuals in history – Mahatma Gandhi. Known as the ‘Father of the Nation,’ Gandhi’s life was a beacon of truth, nonviolence, and determination. Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat, Gandhi’s journey from a simple lawyer to the leader of India’s independence movement is an inspiring tale for us all.

    Mahatma Gandhi firmly believed in the power of nonviolent resistance, or Satyagraha, as a way to fight injustice. He led numerous peaceful movements against British colonial rule, such as the Salt March, the Quit India Movement, and the Non-Cooperation Movement. His philosophy of nonviolence was not only a political strategy but a way of life, urging people to fight evil without resorting to hatred or violence.

    Gandhi’s vision for India was not just freedom from British rule, but also an India where equality, truth, and justice prevailed. He worked tirelessly to eradicate social injustices, such as untouchability, and promoted the idea of Sarvodaya—the welfare of all. He also emphasized the importance of self-reliance, urging people to weave their own clothes and be independent of foreign goods.

    Despite facing numerous challenges, imprisonments, and hardships, Gandhi remained committed to his principles. His life teaches us valuable lessons about courage, humility, and the power of truth. Even today, his teachings continue to inspire movements for justice, peace, and freedom across the world.

    In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi’s legacy is one of unwavering determination and compassion. His commitment to nonviolence and truth serves as a guiding light for future generations.

    Thank you.

    2. Write a Short Speech On Mahatma Gandhi.

    Speech on Mahatma Gandhi

    Good morning, respected teachers and my dear friends,

    Today, I stand before you to speak about one of the greatest leaders in the history of India – Mahatma Gandhi. He was not just a political figure, but a beacon of peace, non-violence, and truth. Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gandhi ji’s life and teachings have inspired millions around the world.

    Gandhi ji’s most powerful weapon was ahimsa (non-violence). He led India’s struggle for independence against British colonial rule, not through violence, but through peaceful protests, civil disobedience, and truth. His leadership during movements like the Salt March and Quit India Movement proved that peaceful resistance could bring about monumental change.

    He believed in simple living and high thinking. Gandhi ji wore simple clothes made of khadi, symbolizing self-reliance and economic independence. He worked for the upliftment of the poor, fought against untouchability, and promoted religious tolerance.

    Gandhi ji’s influence transcended borders and time. His principles of non-violence and truth have inspired global leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela.

    Today, as we remember Mahatma Gandhi, let us not just celebrate his contributions, but also try to follow his ideals in our daily lives. As we face challenges, let us remember his message – “Be the change that you wish to see in the world.”

    Thank you.

    3. Write 1 Minute Speech on Mahatma Gandhi.

    1-Minute Speech on Mahatma Gandhi

    Good morning, everyone,

    Today, I would like to speak briefly about Mahatma Gandhi, one of the most influential leaders in the history of India and the world. Born on October 2, 1869, Gandhi ji was the father of our nation. He led India’s struggle for independence through peaceful means, promoting the principles of non-violence (ahimsa) and truth (satya). His belief in non-violent resistance inspired not only India’s freedom movement but also global leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela.

    Gandhi ji’s simple lifestyle and dedication to truth, equality, and justice remain a source of inspiration for generations. He fought tirelessly against social injustices, including untouchability, and worked towards building a self-reliant and united India.

    As we remember Mahatma Gandhi, let us strive to live by his values of peace, love, and respect for all.

    Thank you.

  • Write a Speech of vote of Thanks

    Here we have written vote of thanks speech in 300 words, short speech and 1 minute speech.

    1. Write a vote of thanks speech in English of 300 words.

    Vote of Thanks Speech

    Good morning/afternoon/evening everyone,

    I stand before you today with immense gratitude and appreciation as I deliver the vote of thanks. First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to our esteemed chief guest [mention name], who graciously took the time out of their busy schedule to be with us today. Your inspiring words have left an indelible impression on all of us, and we are deeply grateful for your presence and insightful contribution to the event.

    A big thank you to our respected teachers and organizers, whose constant guidance, hard work, and dedication made this event possible. Without their tireless efforts, this gathering wouldn’t have been such a success. Your meticulous planning and commitment have been truly commendable.

    I would also like to thank all the distinguished guests, participants, and students who made this event meaningful with their presence and active involvement. Your enthusiasm and support are invaluable, and you have truly made this event a memorable one.

    To our volunteers and support staff, thank you for your behind-the-scenes efforts that ensured everything ran smoothly. Your cooperation and teamwork are highly appreciated.

    Lastly, I would like to extend my gratitude to all those who contributed in any way to this event, whether directly or indirectly. Each one of you has played a significant role in making this event successful.

    As we conclude today’s program, let us take the knowledge, inspiration, and positivity we’ve gained and continue to move forward with passion and purpose.

    Once again, thank you all for being a part of this wonderful occasion.

    Thank you!

    2. Write a short speech on vote of thanks in English.

    Short Speech on Vote of Thanks

    Good morning/afternoon/evening everyone,

    It’s an honor for me to deliver the vote of thanks today. First and foremost, I would like to thank our esteemed chief guest [mention name] for gracing this occasion with their presence and sharing their valuable thoughts with us. Your inspiring words have truly motivated us.

    A special thank you to our teachers and organizers, whose hard work and dedication made this event a reality. Your efforts have been truly remarkable.

    I also want to express my gratitude to all the participants and guests for their contributions and for making this event memorable. To the volunteers and support staff, your behind-the-scenes efforts were vital, and we truly appreciate your hard work.

    In closing, thank you to everyone who attended and made this event a success. Your support means the world to us.

    Thank you!

    3. Write a 1 minute speech on vote of thanks in English.

    1-Minute Speech on Vote of Thanks

    Good morning/afternoon everyone,

    It is my privilege to propose the vote of thanks today. First and foremost, I would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to our esteemed chief guest [mention name] for being here and sharing such inspiring words with us. Your presence has made this event even more special.

    A big thank you to all the organizers and teachers for their hard work, dedication, and seamless coordination, which made this event a grand success. Your efforts are deeply appreciated.

    I would also like to thank all the participants, guests, and volunteers who contributed to the event in one way or another. Your presence and support have made this occasion truly memorable.

    Finally, to everyone who attended today, thank you for your valuable time and attention. Your participation made all the difference.

    Once again, thank you all, and let’s continue to carry the inspiration from today forward.

    Thank you!

  • Write a Speech On Education

    Here we have written a speech on education in 300 words, short speech and 1 minute speech.

    1. Write a Speech on education of 300 words.

    Speech on Education

    Good morning respected teachers, friends, and fellow students,

    Today, I am honored to speak about the power and importance of education. Education is not just about reading books or passing exams; it is the foundation upon which our future is built. It is the key that unlocks the doors of opportunity, empowering individuals to achieve their dreams and contribute positively to society.

    Education provides us with knowledge and skills that help us navigate the complexities of the world. It teaches us how to think critically, solve problems, and make informed decisions. In today’s fast-paced world, education is more important than ever. It enables us to adapt to change, innovate, and progress.

    However, education is not just about academics. It is also about character building, teaching us values such as responsibility, empathy, and respect for others. It helps us become well-rounded individuals who are aware of their surroundings and the needs of society. Education instills in us the ability to challenge societal norms, question injustices, and work towards a better world.

    Moreover, education is a powerful tool for equality. It provides everyone, regardless of background, with the opportunity to succeed. By promoting education for all, we can break the cycle of poverty and create a more just and inclusive world.

    As students, we are fortunate to have access to education. It is important for us to value and make the most of this opportunity. Let’s take our studies seriously and strive to not only excel academically but also become compassionate, responsible, and proactive individuals.

    In conclusion, education is a gift that shapes our present and future. Let us appreciate it and use it to make the world a better place.

    Thank you.

    2. Write a short speech on education.

    Short Speech on Education

    Good morning everyone,

    Education is the key to unlocking the doors of opportunity. It is not just about learning facts and figures, but about developing critical thinking, creativity, and the ability to adapt to change. Education empowers individuals, enables personal growth, and contributes to the betterment of society.

    It teaches us not only academic skills but also important values like responsibility, empathy, and perseverance. With education, we have the power to make informed decisions and shape our future.

    Let us never take education for granted. It is one of the most powerful tools we have to make a difference in our lives and the world.

    Thank you!

    3. Write a 1 minute speech on education.

    1-Minute Speech on Education

    Good morning everyone,

    Education is the foundation of personal and societal growth. It is more than just a means to acquire knowledge; it empowers us to think critically, make informed decisions, and solve problems. Through education, we gain the tools to improve our lives and contribute meaningfully to our communities.

    It shapes our values, broadens our perspectives, and equips us to face challenges with confidence. Education opens doors to opportunities and helps us realize our full potential. It is the key to creating a more just, equitable, and prosperous world.

    As students, we must embrace education with dedication and appreciation, for it is the most valuable asset we can possess. Let’s make the most of it and strive to make a positive impact on the world.

    Thank you!

  • Write a Speech On Teachers

    Here we have presented a speech on Teachers of 300 words, short speech and 1 minute speech.

    1. Write a Speech on teachers of 300 words.

    Speech on Teachers

    Good morning respected teachers, friends, and fellow students,

    Today, I am honored to speak about the people who shape our future and help us grow into responsible individuals – our teachers. Teachers are the guiding lights who ignite the spark of knowledge, wisdom, and curiosity in our minds. They do not just teach academic subjects but also impart important life lessons that help us navigate the world.

    A teacher’s role is much more than just delivering lessons in the classroom. They are mentors, counselors, and role models. They inspire us to achieve our goals and push us to strive for excellence. Teachers have a unique ability to recognize the potential in each student and nurture it, even when the students themselves are unaware of it. They believe in us when we struggle to believe in ourselves.

    Beyond academics, teachers instill values like discipline, hard work, kindness, and respect. They teach us the importance of perseverance and the value of failures as stepping stones toward success. A teacher’s encouragement can make a world of difference in a student’s life. Their dedication and tireless efforts shape the leaders, professionals, and responsible citizens of tomorrow.

    Teachers also play a crucial role in creating a positive and inclusive learning environment where every student feels valued and supported. They not only impart knowledge but also teach us how to be compassionate, ethical, and understanding individuals. Their influence stays with us for a lifetime, guiding us even after we leave the classroom.

    In conclusion, teachers are the true architects of our future. Their hard work, love, and care inspire us to reach for the stars. Let’s always appreciate and respect the teachers who make a lasting impact on our lives.

    Thank you.

    2. Write a Short speech on teachers.

    Short Speech on Teacher

    Good morning everyone,

    Today, I would like to express my gratitude and admiration for teachers, the pillars of our education and growth. A teacher is much more than someone who teaches lessons – they are mentors, guides, and role models. They inspire us to dream big, encourage us when we falter, and celebrate our successes with us.

    Teachers not only impart knowledge but also shape our character, teaching us important values like kindness, discipline, and perseverance. They help us believe in ourselves and our abilities, even when we doubt ourselves. Their dedication and hard work make a lasting impact on our lives, guiding us to become better individuals.

    In conclusion, teachers are the true architects of our future. Let us always appreciate and respect them for their tireless efforts in shaping our lives.

    Thank you!

    3. Write a 1 Minute Speech on teachers.

    1-Minute Speech on Teachers

    Good morning everyone,

    Teachers are the guiding lights of our lives. They are not only educators but also mentors who inspire, encourage, and shape us into the individuals we become. They teach us more than just academic lessons; they instill values such as kindness, patience, and perseverance.

    A teacher’s influence goes beyond the classroom. They believe in us, support us during difficult times, and help us unlock our potential. Whether it’s a word of encouragement or a lesson on resilience, their impact lasts a lifetime.

    On this day, let’s take a moment to appreciate and thank all the teachers who dedicate their time and effort to shaping our future. They truly make the world a better place by investing in us.

    Thank you!

  • Environment Day Speech

    We have delivered a speech on Environment of 300 words, short speech and 1 minute speech. Check it out , we were appreciated by the audience.

    1. Write a Speech On Environment Day of 300 Words.

    Speech for Environment Day

    Good morning everyone,

    Today, as we gather to celebrate World Environment Day, it’s important to remember that our planet, the only home we have, is facing unprecedented challenges. From air pollution to deforestation, from climate change to the depletion of natural resources, our environment is in crisis. However, this day is not just a reminder of the damage we’ve done, but also an opportunity for each one of us to make a difference.

    The theme of this year’s World Environment Day calls us to take action and reflect on how we can contribute to protecting our planet. Our small daily choices can collectively bring about significant change. Simple actions like reducing waste, conserving water, planting trees, and reducing our carbon footprint can have a lasting impact.

    It’s not just about government policies or corporate responsibility – it’s about individual responsibility. Each of us has the power to make sustainable choices that contribute to a healthier world. Whether it’s by choosing renewable energy, reducing plastic use, or supporting eco-friendly products, every action counts.

    On this special day, let us also remember the importance of educating others about environmental issues. Awareness is key to encouraging more people to take part in the global movement for environmental protection.

    In conclusion, the environment is not something we inherit from our ancestors; it is something we borrow from our children. Let’s commit today to protect it with all our might, not just for ourselves, but for future generations. Together, we can make the Earth a greener, cleaner, and more sustainable place for all living beings.

    Thank you!

    2. Write a short Speech on Environment day.

    Short Speech for Environment Day

    Good morning everyone,

    Today, on World Environment Day, we come together to celebrate the beauty of our planet and remind ourselves of the urgent need to protect it. Our environment is facing many challenges – pollution, climate change, and deforestation – all of which threaten the balance of life on Earth.

    But every small action counts. By reducing waste, conserving water, planting trees, and making eco-friendly choices, we can make a real difference. It’s not just about big changes; it’s about the daily steps we take to protect our planet.

    Let’s use today as a reminder that we all have a role in preserving the environment for future generations. Together, we can create a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable world.

    Thank you!

    3. Write a 1 Minute Speech on Environment day.

    1-Minute Speech for Environment Day

    Good morning everyone,

    On this World Environment Day, we are reminded of the importance of taking care of our planet. Our environment is facing serious challenges, from climate change to pollution, and it’s up to each of us to make a difference. Small actions, like reducing waste, conserving water, and planting trees, can have a huge impact.

    The Earth is our home, and we must do everything we can to protect it for future generations. Let’s work together to create a cleaner, greener world where nature and humanity thrive in harmony.

    Remember, every little effort counts. Let’s make today the start of lasting change.

    Thank you!

  • Write an Article On Importance of Education

    Here we have written an article on the pathway to a better future : Importance of Education. Check this below insights of article.

    The Importance of Education: A Pathway to a Better Future

    Education is often regarded as the cornerstone of personal and societal development. It is a powerful tool that shapes the mind, equips individuals with essential skills, and provides the foundation for future opportunities. Education goes beyond formal schooling; it includes all forms of learning that contribute to a person’s knowledge, understanding, and abilities. The significance of education is immense, as it plays a pivotal role in shaping not only an individual’s future but also the progress of societies and nations.

    Building Knowledge and Skills

    One of the primary functions of education is to provide knowledge and develop essential skills. In schools, colleges, and universities, students learn subjects that enhance their intellectual abilities and prepare them for specific careers. Education equips individuals with the skills required to solve problems, think critically, and make informed decisions. Whether it’s reading, writing, mathematics, science, or technology, education is the key to unlocking knowledge in various fields.

    Promoting Personal Development

    Education helps in personal growth by fostering a sense of self-worth and confidence. It enables individuals to discover their talents, interests, and strengths. Through education, people can develop better communication skills, improve their social interactions, and increase their ability to adapt to changing environments. It opens doors for individuals to pursue their dreams and ambitions and empowers them to make choices that lead to a fulfilling life.

    Economic Growth and Opportunities

    Education is directly linked to economic development. A well-educated workforce is essential for the growth of industries, businesses, and economies. People with higher levels of education tend to earn more and have better job prospects. They are more likely to contribute to the economy through innovation, entrepreneurship, and leadership. Additionally, education leads to better employment opportunities, which in turn helps reduce poverty and inequality in society.

    Fostering Social Equality and Justice

    Education plays a vital role in promoting social equality. It can break the cycle of poverty by providing people from all backgrounds with the tools they need to succeed. When individuals are educated, they are more likely to be informed about their rights and responsibilities, leading to greater participation in democratic processes. Education also helps combat discrimination and prejudice by promoting understanding and respect for diversity. It teaches values such as equality, fairness, and justice, which are essential for building a peaceful and harmonious society.

    Enhancing Global Understanding

    In today’s interconnected world, education fosters global awareness and understanding. As people learn about different cultures, traditions, and global issues, they develop a sense of empathy and tolerance. Education helps individuals recognize the importance of working together to address common challenges, such as climate change, poverty, and conflict. By promoting international cooperation, education contributes to creating a more peaceful and sustainable world.

    Health and Well-being

    Education also has a significant impact on the health and well-being of individuals and communities. Educated individuals are more likely to make informed health decisions, adopt healthy lifestyles, and seek medical care when needed. Education contributes to better awareness about hygiene, nutrition, and disease prevention, which can lead to healthier communities and improved life expectancy.

    The Role of Technology in Education

    The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized the education sector. Digital platforms, online courses, and e-learning tools have made education more accessible, flexible, and convenient. Technology enables students to learn at their own pace, access vast resources, and interact with experts and peers across the globe. It has bridged gaps in traditional education and opened new opportunities for lifelong learning.

    Conclusion

    Education is not merely about acquiring knowledge; it is a transformative process that shapes individuals and societies for the better. It is a key driver of personal growth, economic prosperity, social equality, and global understanding. In a world that is constantly evolving, education provides the foundation for tackling future challenges and seizing new opportunities. By investing in education, we invest in a brighter, more equitable future for everyone. Education empowers individuals to fulfill their potential, contribute to society, and create a better world for generations to come.

  • Write an Article On Pollution A Growing Concern for our planet

    Here we have presented an article on growing concern for our planet : Pollution. We have presented valuable insights , have a look.

    Pollution: A Growing Concern for Our Planet

    Pollution is one of the most pressing issues affecting our environment today. It refers to the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the natural environment, causing adverse effects on living organisms and the ecosystem. The major types of pollution include air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution. All these forms of pollution have severe consequences, threatening the health and well-being of both humans and wildlife.

    Air Pollution

    Air pollution occurs when harmful substances like gases, dust, and smoke are released into the atmosphere. The major contributors to air pollution include industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, deforestation, and burning of fossil fuels. The consequences of air pollution are widespread, causing respiratory diseases, heart conditions, and even contributing to climate change through the accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.

    Water Pollution

    Water pollution happens when harmful chemicals, waste products, and toxins are released into rivers, lakes, oceans, or groundwater. Industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage are the primary causes of water pollution. This contamination can make water unsafe for drinking, harm aquatic life, and disrupt entire ecosystems. Access to clean and safe water is crucial for human survival, and its contamination has led to the spread of waterborne diseases, including cholera and dysentery.

    Soil Pollution

    Soil pollution occurs when harmful chemicals, pesticides, and waste materials degrade the quality of the soil. Agricultural activities, industrial processes, and improper waste disposal are the main culprits of soil pollution. Contaminated soil affects food production, harms plant growth, and contributes to the loss of biodiversity. It also poses a risk to human health, as polluted soil can contaminate crops that end up in the food chain.

    Noise Pollution

    Noise pollution refers to harmful or disturbing levels of sound in the environment. This type of pollution is primarily caused by urbanization, traffic, industrial machinery, and other human activities. Chronic exposure to loud noises can lead to hearing loss, sleep disturbances, stress, and even cardiovascular problems. In addition, wildlife suffers from noise pollution, as it disrupts their natural behavior and communication patterns.

    Light Pollution

    Light pollution occurs when artificial lighting disrupts the natural night-time environment. It is mostly caused by streetlights, building lights, and other sources of artificial illumination that are not properly directed. Light pollution affects not only humans but also animals, particularly nocturnal species, which rely on the natural cycles of day and night. Moreover, it hampers astronomical research by obscuring the visibility of stars and celestial bodies.

    Consequences of Pollution

    The effects of pollution are far-reaching. It is not only detrimental to human health but also threatens the entire planet’s ecosystem. Air pollution is linked to respiratory problems, heart disease, and premature death. Water pollution causes the destruction of aquatic habitats and contamination of drinking water supplies. Soil pollution results in the loss of fertile land and food insecurity. Noise pollution contributes to mental health issues and stress, while light pollution disrupts sleep patterns and reduces our connection with nature.

    Solutions to Combat Pollution

    To mitigate the effects of pollution, various measures must be taken. Governments, industries, and individuals must work together to reduce pollution levels and protect the environment. Some solutions include:

    1. Adopting Clean Energy: Transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power can significantly reduce air pollution caused by fossil fuels.
    2. Waste Management: Proper waste disposal and recycling programs can reduce the amount of waste that ends up in water bodies and on land.
    3. Conservation of Natural Resources: Protecting forests and natural habitats can help reduce soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, and prevent pollution.
    4. Public Awareness: Educating people about the importance of reducing pollution and encouraging sustainable practices can bring about a collective effort to save the environment.
    5. Government Regulations: Stricter regulations on industrial emissions, waste disposal, and deforestation can help reduce the sources of pollution.

    Conclusion

    Pollution is a global challenge that requires urgent attention. Its effects are widespread, but with collective efforts from governments, industries, and individuals, significant progress can be made in reducing its impact. Protecting the environment is essential for the well-being of future generations, and by making responsible choices, we can all contribute to a cleaner and healthier planet.

  • Write an Article On Health is Wealth as the true essence of well-being

    Here we have presented an article on health is wealth as the true essence of well-being. Take a look below valuable insights are present there.

    Health is Wealth: The True Essence of Well-being

    The famous saying “Health is Wealth” highlights the immense value of good health. It is often said that good health is the foundation for a happy and successful life. While material possessions like wealth, property, and status may bring comfort, they cannot buy the true value of good health. A person with good health enjoys life to the fullest, while poor health can severely limit one’s potential, no matter how rich or successful they are.

    The Significance of Good Health

    Good health is not merely the absence of disease; it is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. When we are in good health, we have the energy, vitality, and strength to pursue our goals and dreams. Healthy individuals are more likely to be productive, perform better in their professional and personal lives, and experience a higher quality of life. On the other hand, health problems often result in physical discomfort, emotional stress, and financial burdens that can limit opportunities and diminish one’s overall happiness.

    The Interconnection Between Health and Wealth

    Although wealth is often considered essential for living a comfortable life, it is important to understand that good health is a far more valuable asset. Here’s why:

    1. Energy and Productivity: When we are healthy, we feel energetic and motivated, which allows us to be productive in all areas of life. Good health helps us perform well at work, manage our relationships, and enjoy leisure activities. On the other hand, poor health can sap our energy, leaving us fatigued and less capable of achieving our goals.

    2. Financial Savings: Healthy individuals tend to have fewer medical expenses. They are less likely to need expensive medications, surgeries, or long-term treatments, which can drain personal finances. Investing in maintaining good health, such as through regular exercise and a balanced diet, can result in significant savings in the long term.

    3. Mental Well-being: A healthy body promotes a healthy mind. Regular physical activity and proper nutrition can help manage stress, anxiety, and depression, which often arise due to poor lifestyle choices. A positive mental attitude contributes to better decision-making and a higher quality of life.

    4. Longevity: Healthier individuals are likely to live longer, allowing them more time to achieve their personal and professional goals. Good health also ensures that these extra years are spent with quality, enjoying an active and fulfilling life rather than being limited by chronic illnesses.

    5. Work-Life Balance: Good health allows for a balanced life, where work, family, and personal time are all harmoniously managed. When health issues arise, they often cause disruptions in this balance, leading to stress and dissatisfaction.

    Tips for Maintaining Good Health

    To truly appreciate the wealth that health brings, it is essential to take proactive steps to maintain and improve our health. Here are a few key habits that contribute to a healthy lifestyle:

    1. Regular Exercise: Physical activity is vital for maintaining a healthy body. It helps keep the heart, muscles, and bones strong, and improves overall fitness. Regular exercise also releases endorphins, the body’s natural mood enhancers, which reduce stress and improve mental health.

    2. Balanced Diet: Eating a nutritious, balanced diet is crucial for maintaining health. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins provides the necessary nutrients for the body to function at its best. Avoiding processed foods, excessive sugar, and unhealthy fats is equally important.

    3. Adequate Sleep: Sleep is essential for physical and mental recovery. It allows the body to repair cells, strengthen the immune system, and rejuvenate. Ensuring 7-8 hours of sleep per night can significantly enhance health and overall well-being.

    4. Stress Management: Chronic stress can have detrimental effects on health. Practicing mindfulness, meditation, yoga, or engaging in hobbies and activities that bring joy can help reduce stress levels and promote mental peace.

    5. Regular Check-ups: Preventive healthcare is key to detecting health issues early on before they develop into serious problems. Regular visits to the doctor, routine health screenings, and following medical advice help maintain long-term health.

    6. Hydration: Drinking enough water is often overlooked but is essential for good health. Staying hydrated helps maintain bodily functions, improve energy levels, and support skin health.

    The Cost of Poor Health

    The consequences of neglecting health can be severe and far-reaching. Poor health often leads to high medical costs, lost income due to illness or disability, and a reduced quality of life. Individuals who do not prioritize their health may experience physical pain, emotional distress, and a decrease in their overall life satisfaction. Additionally, poor health can affect not just the individual but also their family and loved ones, leading to emotional and financial strain.

    Conclusion

    “Health is Wealth” is a timeless proverb that reminds us that good health is our most valuable asset. While wealth can buy many things, it cannot buy good health. Taking care of our physical, mental, and emotional health is essential for a fulfilling, productive, and happy life. By adopting healthy habits, such as regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, and ensuring adequate sleep, we can build a foundation of health that supports a prosperous and happy life. In the end, our true wealth lies in our health, and investing in it is the best decision we can make for ourselves and our future.

  • Write an Article On Junk Food as a threat to health and well-being

    Here we are presenting an article on Junk food and highlighting it ass a threat to health and well-being

    Junk Food: A Threat to Health and Well-being

    In today’s fast-paced world, junk food has become a staple part of many people’s diets. The convenience, taste, and availability of these foods make them an attractive option for busy individuals and families. However, despite their popularity, junk food is a major health concern. This article will explore what junk food is, the health risks associated with its consumption, and why it is important to make healthier choices.

    What is Junk Food?

    Junk food refers to food that is high in calories but low in nutritional value. These foods are often processed and contain excessive amounts of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats. Examples of junk food include fast food items like burgers, fries, and pizzas, as well as sugary snacks like candies, chocolates, chips, and sodas. While these foods may be delicious and easy to access, they offer little to no vitamins, minerals, or fiber, which are essential for a balanced diet.

    The Appeal of Junk Food

    Junk food is designed to be highly palatable, meaning it is specifically engineered to taste good and appeal to our senses. High levels of sugar, salt, and fats create a combination that triggers pleasure centers in the brain, leading to cravings. This makes it easy for people to indulge in these foods frequently, often without considering the long-term consequences. Additionally, junk food is widely available, often marketed aggressively, and is quick to prepare, which makes it an attractive option in a world where time is often limited.

    The Health Risks of Junk Food

    While junk food may satisfy cravings in the short term, its long-term effects on health can be detrimental. Here are some of the significant health risks associated with consuming junk food regularly:

    1. Obesity: Junk food is often high in calories and low in nutritional content. When consumed in excess, these foods contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of obesity. Obesity is linked to several other health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, and joint issues.

    2. Heart Disease: Many junk foods contain unhealthy trans fats and saturated fats, which can raise bad cholesterol (LDL) levels in the blood. High levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to the build-up of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

    3. Diabetes: Consuming too much sugar, which is commonly found in junk food, can lead to insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes. Junk food can cause blood sugar levels to spike and then drop sharply, leading to energy crashes and the potential for developing chronic health conditions.

    4. High Blood Pressure: Junk food is often loaded with sodium (salt), which can raise blood pressure. High sodium intake can lead to hypertension, a condition that increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.

    5. Digestive Problems: Junk food is typically low in fiber, which is necessary for good digestion. A lack of fiber can cause constipation, bloating, and other digestive issues. A poor diet can also lead to an imbalance of gut bacteria, which is essential for overall health.

    6. Mental Health Issues: Studies have shown that a poor diet, including the excessive consumption of junk food, can affect mental health. Diets high in sugar and unhealthy fats have been linked to an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.

    7. Addiction: The addictive properties of junk food are often compared to the effects of drugs. The sugar and fat in these foods can lead to cravings, making it difficult for individuals to stop eating them, even when they know it’s harmful.

    Why We Need to Avoid Junk Food

    1. Nutrient Deficiency: Relying on junk food for a significant portion of one’s diet can lead to nutrient deficiencies. Essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and protein are often missing from junk food, leading to a weakened immune system, poor skin health, and other issues.

    2. Long-term Health Costs: Although junk food is inexpensive and convenient in the short term, the long-term health consequences are far costlier. Chronic illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, and obesity require ongoing treatment and can reduce the quality of life. These health conditions are also associated with high medical costs and can impact personal productivity and well-being.

    3. Lack of Energy: While junk food provides a quick burst of energy, it is usually followed by a sharp energy crash. This makes it difficult to maintain sustained energy levels throughout the day. A diet high in processed foods can lead to fatigue and lethargy, affecting overall performance and mood.

    Healthy Alternatives to Junk Food

    Although junk food may be tempting, it is possible to satisfy cravings in healthier ways. Here are some alternatives to junk food:

    1. Fruits and Vegetables: These are naturally sweet, nutrient-dense, and packed with fiber. Fruits like apples, berries, and bananas can provide a satisfying snack without the negative health effects of processed foods.

    2. Nuts and Seeds: These are rich in healthy fats, protein, and essential nutrients. A handful of almonds, walnuts, or sunflower seeds can curb hunger and provide long-lasting energy.

    3. Whole Grains: Instead of refined grains found in many processed snacks, whole grains like oats, quinoa, and brown rice provide fiber and essential nutrients that promote digestion and long-term health.

    4. Homemade Snacks: Preparing snacks at home allows you to control the ingredients and avoid excessive amounts of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats. Try making baked chips from vegetables, or energy bars with oats and nuts.

    5. Water and Herbal Teas: Instead of sugary sodas, opt for water or herbal teas to stay hydrated and avoid excess sugar intake.

    Conclusion

    While junk food may be tempting due to its taste and convenience, its negative impact on health cannot be ignored. The long-term consumption of junk food leads to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic conditions. To improve overall health and well-being, it is essential to adopt a balanced diet that includes whole, nutritious foods and limits the consumption of processed, sugary, and fatty foods. By making healthier choices and understanding the risks of junk food, we can lead a more vibrant and disease-free life.

  • Writing an Article On Environment Protecting our planet for future generations

    Here we are writing an article on environment protecting our planet for future generations, the challenges facing our environment and importance of environment protection and steps we can take for protecting environment. We have provided valuable insights on these topic. Have a look below.

    The Environment: Protecting Our Planet for Future Generations

    The environment is the foundation of all life on Earth. It includes everything around us—the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil that supports plants, and the animals that share our world. Our environment provides the essential resources necessary for survival, but unfortunately, human activities have been causing significant harm to it. Climate change, deforestation, pollution, and the depletion of natural resources have all taken a toll on the planet’s ecosystems. This article will explore the importance of protecting the environment, the challenges we face, and the steps we can take to ensure a sustainable future.

    The Importance of the Environment

    The environment plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth. It provides:

    1. Air and Water: Clean air is necessary for breathing, and clean water is vital for drinking, agriculture, and sanitation.

    2. Food and Resources: The environment provides the resources we need for food, clothing, and shelter. Plants, animals, and minerals are essential for human life.

    3. Biodiversity: The diversity of life forms on Earth—plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms—supports the balance of ecosystems, which are critical for maintaining ecological harmony.

    4. Climate Regulation: Forests, oceans, and other natural systems help regulate the planet’s temperature, ensuring that life can flourish.

    The Challenges Facing Our Environment

    Despite the environment’s importance, various human activities have led to environmental degradation. Some of the major challenges include:

    1. Climate Change: One of the most pressing environmental issues today is climate change. Rising global temperatures due to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions are leading to extreme weather events, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and disrupted ecosystems.

    2. Pollution: Pollution of air, water, and soil is widespread. Air pollution, caused by vehicle emissions, factory releases, and deforestation, is a major health risk. Water pollution from industrial waste, chemicals, and plastic waste is affecting rivers, lakes, and oceans. Soil degradation, caused by overuse of pesticides, deforestation, and urbanization, leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture.

    3. Deforestation: The destruction of forests for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion is reducing biodiversity and contributing to climate change. Forests act as carbon sinks, and deforestation disrupts their ability to absorb carbon dioxide, leading to higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

    4. Loss of Biodiversity: As human activities encroach on natural habitats, many species are becoming endangered or extinct. Deforestation, pollution, and climate change are driving many species to extinction, which disrupts ecosystems and threatens food security.

    5. Resource Depletion: Overconsumption of natural resources, such as water, fossil fuels, and minerals, is leading to their depletion. Unsustainable agricultural practices and industrial activities have also led to the depletion of fertile soil and a decrease in agricultural productivity.

    The Importance of Environmental Protection

    Protecting the environment is essential for ensuring that future generations can thrive. If we fail to address the environmental challenges we face today, we risk creating an uninhabitable planet. Environmental protection is not just about preserving the natural beauty of our world; it is about safeguarding the resources that support life.

    By protecting the environment, we can:

    1. Improve Public Health: Reducing pollution, improving waste management, and transitioning to clean energy sources can reduce the incidence of diseases caused by air, water, and soil pollution.

    2. Combat Climate Change: By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving forests, and adopting renewable energy, we can slow the effects of climate change and protect vulnerable ecosystems.

    3. Ensure Sustainable Resources: Sustainable resource management practices can ensure that future generations have access to the natural resources they need to survive, including water, food, and energy.

    4. Preserve Biodiversity: Protecting wildlife habitats and preserving ecosystems will help maintain biodiversity, ensuring that species continue to thrive and contribute to the balance of the planet’s ecosystems.

    Steps We Can Take to Protect the Environment

    Each of us has a role to play in protecting the environment. Small, everyday actions can make a big difference. Here are some practical steps we can take:

    1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Reducing waste by buying fewer disposable products, reusing items, and recycling materials like paper, plastic, and glass helps reduce pollution and conserve resources.

    2. Conserve Water and Energy: Simple actions like turning off lights when not in use, using energy-efficient appliances, and conserving water by fixing leaks and using water-saving devices can reduce the strain on natural resources.

    3. Support Renewable Energy: Transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, reduces the reliance on fossil fuels and helps lower carbon emissions.

    4. Plant Trees: Trees help combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and providing oxygen. Participating in tree-planting initiatives can help restore forests and prevent deforestation.

    5. Advocate for Environmental Policies: Supporting environmental policies that promote sustainability, reduce pollution, and protect natural habitats is crucial. By advocating for stronger environmental regulations and holding governments and industries accountable, we can push for meaningful change.

    6. Educate and Raise Awareness: Raising awareness about environmental issues and educating others about the importance of protecting the planet can inspire collective action.

    Conclusion

    The environment is our most valuable asset, and it is our responsibility to protect it for the sake of future generations. Climate change, pollution, deforestation, and resource depletion are major threats that require immediate action. By making conscious choices and advocating for environmental protection, we can create a sustainable future for ourselves and the generations to come.

    The time to act is now. Every effort, no matter how small, contributes to the bigger picture of preserving the planet’s health and ensuring that the Earth remains a thriving and habitable place for all living beings.

  • Writing Article On Independence Day

    Here we are presenting a article on Independence day celebrating Freedom and unity, significance of Independence day, Historical context, celebration across the nation and reflecting on the spirit of independence. Take a look below we have provided valuable insights.

    Independence Day: Celebrating Freedom and Unity

    Independence Day is one of the most significant national holidays in India, observed annually on August 15th. It marks the day when India gained its independence from British colonial rule in 1947, ending nearly two centuries of foreign domination. The day is celebrated with great enthusiasm, patriotism, and reverence throughout the country, as it signifies the hard-fought freedom that millions of Indians had longed for.

    The Significance of Independence Day

    Independence Day is not just a day for celebration; it is a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless freedom fighters who fought tirelessly for India’s freedom. The event symbolizes the triumph of unity, determination, and the power of the people. It reminds citizens of the importance of preserving the nation’s sovereignty and the responsibility to maintain the peace and prosperity that freedom has brought.

    On this day, the Indian tricolor is hoisted, the national anthem is sung, and various cultural programs are held across the nation. It is a time for people to reflect on the journey India has taken since 1947, as well as to honor the legacy of those who contributed to the independence struggle.

    The Historical Context of Independence Day

    India’s struggle for independence was a long and arduous journey, which involved countless individuals, movements, and sacrifices. The British Empire had established control over India in the mid-18th century, and over time, the Indian subcontinent was subjected to colonial exploitation. The call for freedom began as early as the 1857 revolt, known as the First War of Indian Independence, but it was not until the 20th century that organized and mass movements gained momentum.

    Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many others played crucial roles in the fight for independence. Their strategies, including non-violent civil disobedience, protests, and political negotiations, united millions of Indians in their pursuit of freedom. Events like the Salt March, Quit India Movement, and the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi became symbols of defiance against British rule.

    On August 15, 1947, after years of struggle, India finally achieved independence. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, raised the national flag at the Red Fort in Delhi, delivering his famous “Tryst with Destiny” speech. This moment marked the birth of a free India, paving the way for the nation’s growth and development.

    Celebrations Across the Nation

    Independence Day celebrations are marked by various events that honor India’s sovereignty and the progress it has made since 1947. The most prominent celebration takes place in the capital city, Delhi, where the Prime Minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort. This is followed by a speech that highlights the achievements of the country and the vision for its future. The speech also includes a tribute to the freedom fighters and martyrs who contributed to the country’s independence.

    Across the country, government offices, schools, colleges, and institutions organize flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades, and cultural programs. The Indian national flag is proudly displayed in every corner of the nation, symbolizing the unity and diversity that defines India. Various cultural activities, such as dance, music, and dramas depicting historical events, are organized to celebrate India’s rich heritage.

    In addition to the official celebrations, people also celebrate Independence Day in their own homes by watching parades, participating in community events, and showing their patriotism through flags, face-painting, and singing patriotic songs.

    Reflecting on the Spirit of Independence

    Independence Day is not just a day of celebration, but also a time for introspection. It serves as an opportunity to reflect on the progress India has made and the challenges that remain. Since independence, India has emerged as one of the world’s largest democracies, with significant strides in education, technology, healthcare, and economic development. However, there are still areas that require attention, such as poverty eradication, environmental sustainability, and social justice.

    On this day, people are reminded of their duty towards the nation. It is a time to recommit to the values of democracy, unity, and peace, which have been the foundation of the Indian republic. The diversity of the country—its multitude of languages, religions, and cultures—should be celebrated, as it is the strength that makes India unique.

    The Role of Youth in the Future of India

    The youth of India play a crucial role in shaping the future of the country. Independence Day serves as an important reminder for young people to honor their heritage, understand the sacrifices made for freedom, and actively contribute to the growth and development of the nation. Whether through education, social service, entrepreneurship, or political participation, the youth are the torchbearers of India’s progress.

    In today’s fast-paced world, it is essential that the younger generation remains connected with the values that made India free. They must be encouraged to work towards a more inclusive and prosperous society while upholding the principles of democracy, equality, and justice.

    Conclusion

    Independence Day is a day of immense significance, celebrating the freedom that every Indian enjoys today. It is a moment to pay tribute to the leaders who fought for India’s independence and to the sacrifices made by countless individuals who believed in the dream of a free nation. The day also reminds us of the responsibilities that come with freedom—working towards unity, progress, and the well-being of all citizens.

    As the nation continues to evolve, Independence Day serves as a call to all citizens to uphold the values of liberty, equality, and fraternity. It is a day to honor the past, celebrate the present, and envision a future where India continues to shine as a beacon of hope, strength, and unity on the global stage.

  • Write an Article On Digital India: Empowering the nation through Technology

    Here we have presented an article on Digital India with its achievement , vision and future. Take a look on the valuable insights provided here.

    Digital India: Empowering the Nation Through Technology

    In today’s fast-paced, technology-driven world, the role of digital transformation cannot be overstated. India, with its vast population and diverse landscapes, has embraced the power of technology through the ambitious initiative known as Digital India. Launched in 2015 by the Government of India, Digital India aims to transform the country into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy by leveraging the potential of information technology (IT) and digital infrastructure.

    The Vision of Digital India

    Digital India is a comprehensive initiative designed to enhance online infrastructure, increase internet connectivity, and make government services more accessible to citizens through digital platforms. The ultimate goal is to bridge the digital divide and ensure that every citizen, regardless of their location or socio-economic status, has access to the benefits of modern technology.

    The key vision of Digital India includes three primary components:

    1. Digital Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen
    2. Governance and Services on Demand
    3. Digital Empowerment of Citizens

    The Key Pillars of Digital India

    The success of Digital India is built on several core pillars that focus on creating a robust digital ecosystem:

    1. Broadband Highways

    A critical aspect of Digital India is improving internet connectivity across the country. In rural and remote areas, broadband infrastructure is being developed to ensure that everyone has access to fast and reliable internet. The National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN), now renamed the BharatNet project, is a key initiative to bring high-speed broadband to every village in the country. This connectivity ensures that people in even the most isolated areas can access information, education, healthcare, and government services.

    2. E-Governance and Services

    Digital India seeks to digitize government services and make them available to citizens via the internet. This includes everything from applying for certificates and licenses to paying bills and accessing welfare schemes. The e-Governance initiative is streamlining processes, reducing bureaucracy, and making government services more transparent and accessible. Citizens can now interact with government departments online, saving time and effort.

    The MyGov portal, Aadhaar, and DigiLocker are some of the notable digital services that have revolutionized public administration. For example, Aadhaar is a unique identity system that is linked to various government schemes, ensuring that services are delivered to the right individuals and cutting down on fraud.

    3. Digital Literacy

    Empowering citizens with digital skills is another essential pillar of Digital India. The Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) aims to make 6 crore rural households digitally literate. By teaching basic digital skills, this program is opening doors to e-governance, e-commerce, and other online opportunities.

    Initiatives such as free Wi-Fi in public spaces, mobile internet services, and online education platforms are also contributing to making technology more accessible to the masses. This ensures that citizens from all walks of life can benefit from digital education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.

    4. IT for Jobs

    Digital India also focuses on creating employment opportunities in the IT and digital sectors. By fostering the growth of IT hubs, e-commerce, and tech start-ups, the initiative aims to create millions of jobs. Training and skill development programs are empowering youth with the knowledge and expertise required to excel in the digital economy. As a result, digital jobs are becoming a significant contributor to the country’s workforce.

    5. Digital Payments and Financial Inclusion

    A major component of Digital India is promoting digital payments and financial inclusion. The push for cashless transactions, through platforms like UPI (Unified Payments Interface), Aadhaar-enabled Payment System (AePS), and BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money), has transformed the way Indians conduct financial transactions. These platforms make it easier, safer, and faster to send and receive money, pay bills, and conduct online purchases, all while reducing the dependence on cash.

    Additionally, government initiatives such as Jan Dhan Yojana aim to bring unbanked populations into the formal financial system, helping them access banking services and social security benefits.

    Achievements of Digital India

    Digital India has made significant progress since its inception. Some of the key achievements include:

    • Aadhaar has become the world’s largest biometric ID system, with over 1.3 billion people enrolled, facilitating easier access to government services.
    • The Digital India Week launched numerous initiatives like BharatNet, e-Health, e-Education, and e-Governance, benefiting millions.
    • The promotion of Digital Payments has seen a massive rise in mobile wallets and online transactions, making India one of the leading countries in digital payments.
    • Public Wi-Fi hotspots have been installed in many public places, offering free internet to citizens.
    • E-Voting and E-Justice are pushing India towards a more transparent and efficient electoral and judicial system.

    The Challenges Ahead

    While Digital India has brought about transformative changes, challenges remain. Issues such as internet connectivity in remote areas, cyber security threats, digital literacy gaps, and the digital divide in rural and urban regions need to be addressed. For Digital India to become a reality, continued investments in infrastructure, education, and policy reforms are essential.

    The Future of Digital India

    The future of Digital India is promising. With rapid advancements in technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT), India is poised to become a global leader in the digital space. Continued focus on innovation, digital education, and financial inclusion will drive the country toward becoming a digitally empowered nation.

    In conclusion, Digital India is a transformative initiative that is reshaping the country’s future by ensuring that technology reaches every citizen. By creating a digitally inclusive society, Digital India is not only enhancing economic growth but also improving the quality of life for millions. With continued effort, collaboration, and innovation, Digital India can unlock new opportunities and pave the way for a more prosperous and digitally advanced nation.

  • Write an Article On Yoga Harnessing Your Inner Strength

    Here we have written an Article on yoga harnessing your inner strength. It is a valuable article with knowledgeable insights. Check it out.

    Yoga: Harnessing Your Inner Strength

    Yoga, an ancient practice that combines physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation, is a pathway to unlocking your inner strength. It goes beyond just stretching your body or improving flexibility; it is about connecting deeply with yourself—mind, body, and spirit. In a world that constantly demands our attention and energy, yoga provides a means to ground ourselves, center our thoughts, and cultivate resilience.

    Physical Empowerment Through Yoga

    One of the most profound ways yoga helps harness inner strength is through the body. The physical postures or asanas challenge the body in different ways, building strength, flexibility, and balance. These postures help you become aware of your physical limits while encouraging you to gently push past them.

    With each practice, your body becomes stronger, more flexible, and more attuned to its needs. Poses like Downward Dog, Warrior, and Tree Pose activate different muscle groups, increase blood flow, and help develop endurance. As your body becomes stronger, it reflects the inner power you cultivate through persistence and self-awareness.

    Yoga encourages you to listen to your body, promoting a deeper connection with it. This awareness helps you identify areas of tension and discomfort, teaching you to release them, and embrace strength. With time, you will notice improvements not just in your physical health, but in your sense of empowerment.

    Mental Clarity and Focus

    Beyond the physical, yoga is a powerful tool for harnessing mental strength. In today’s chaotic world, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed, stressed, or distracted. Yoga teaches you to focus and calm the mind through techniques like mindful breathing (pranayama) and meditation. By focusing on your breath and clearing your mind, you create a space for clarity, focus, and peace.

    When you practice yoga, you learn how to stay present in the moment, blocking out the noise and distractions of daily life. This mental clarity allows you to tackle challenges with a calm mind, better problem-solving abilities, and emotional balance. With a focused mind, you can better manage stress and navigate difficult situations with greater resilience.

    Emotional Resilience

    Yoga provides an opportunity to connect with and process your emotions. Through consistent practice, you begin to understand and acknowledge your emotional states. Rather than suppressing emotions or reacting impulsively, yoga empowers you to face your feelings with compassion and understanding.

    Breathing techniques, combined with mindful movement, can help regulate emotions by calming the nervous system. By grounding yourself in your practice, you create space for emotional release and healing. Over time, yoga helps you develop emotional resilience—the ability to handle life’s ups and downs with grace and strength.

    Spiritual Growth and Inner Peace

    At its core, yoga is a spiritual practice. It’s not just about achieving a physical pose, but also about connecting with your true essence. Yoga teaches you to look within, cultivate mindfulness, and align your actions with your higher self. This spiritual connection can foster a sense of inner peace, contentment, and purpose.

    When you practice yoga, you begin to detach from external validation and expectations, shifting your focus inward. As you deepen your practice, you realize that your true strength lies not in external circumstances, but in your ability to remain calm, grounded, and self-aware. Through this connection with your inner self, you tap into an infinite reservoir of strength that empowers you to face life with greater courage and clarity.

    Yoga as a Daily Practice of Strength

    Yoga is not something to be practiced once in a while—it is a daily commitment to yourself. It is a practice that grows with you, offering new layers of strength, peace, and self-discovery as you continue on your journey. Each time you step onto the mat, you reinforce your inner strength, learning to navigate challenges with resilience and mindfulness.

    Yoga is about balance—finding harmony between your physical body, your mental state, and your spiritual essence. The more you practice, the more you cultivate inner strength that helps you cope with life’s pressures, develop a deeper understanding of yourself, and approach challenges with greater confidence.

    Conclusion

    Yoga is a powerful way to harness your inner strength. It builds physical power, sharpens mental clarity, fosters emotional resilience, and nurtures spiritual growth. By practicing yoga regularly, you learn to connect with your true self, unlock your potential, and face life’s challenges with poise and strength. The practice is not just about mastering a pose but about mastering yourself—harnessing the power within to live a more balanced, empowered life.

  • Write an Article On COVID-19

    Here we have presented an article on COVID-19 as a global pandemic and its impact on the world. Have a look at important part of history.

    COVID-19: A Global Pandemic and Its Impact on the World

    COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and quickly spread across the globe, leading to a pandemic that affected almost every country. This virus not only caused significant health crises but also brought about unprecedented social, economic, and political challenges. The impact of COVID-19 has been felt by individuals, communities, industries, and governments worldwide, reshaping how people live, work, and interact with each other.

    The Emergence and Spread of COVID-19

    The first case of COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. What initially seemed to be a localized outbreak soon escalated into a global health emergency as the virus spread rapidly to other countries. COVID-19 is highly contagious, primarily spreading through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The virus can also be transmitted by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face, nose, or mouth.

    By March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic, urging countries to take swift action to control its spread. As a result, nations around the world imposed lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures to contain the virus.

    Symptoms and Health Impact

    COVID-19 affects people differently, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. The most common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Some people may experience a loss of taste or smell, headaches, and muscle aches. In severe cases, COVID-19 can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, and even death, particularly among older adults and those with pre-existing health conditions.

    While many people recover from the virus with mild symptoms, the long-term effects of COVID-19, known as “long COVID,” have been reported in some individuals. These lasting symptoms, which can persist for weeks or months, include fatigue, brain fog, difficulty concentrating, and joint pain.

    The Global Response

    Countries across the world responded to the pandemic in various ways, ranging from aggressive testing and contact tracing to strict lockdowns and travel bans. Healthcare systems were strained as hospitals struggled to accommodate the surge of COVID-19 patients. Personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilators, and other medical supplies were in high demand.

    Governments implemented widespread public health campaigns, encouraging people to wear masks, practice hand hygiene, and maintain physical distance from others. Vaccination efforts became a critical part of the response once vaccines were developed.

    Development of Vaccines

    The development of COVID-19 vaccines was a historic scientific achievement. In record time, pharmaceutical companies and research institutions produced vaccines that were shown to be effective in preventing severe illness and reducing transmission of the virus. Vaccination campaigns were launched worldwide, with priority given to healthcare workers, the elderly, and vulnerable populations.

    Despite vaccine availability, challenges such as vaccine hesitancy, distribution inequalities, and misinformation slowed the progress of achieving herd immunity. However, vaccination remains one of the most effective tools in controlling the spread of the virus.

    Social and Economic Impact

    The COVID-19 pandemic had far-reaching social and economic consequences. Lockdowns and restrictions forced businesses to close, resulting in job losses, reduced income, and economic downturns. The global economy contracted, with many industries such as travel, hospitality, and retail suffering significant losses.

    Education systems were also affected, with schools and universities shifting to online learning. This transition posed challenges for students and teachers, particularly in regions with limited access to technology and the internet. The pandemic widened educational inequalities, as students from disadvantaged backgrounds faced difficulties in continuing their studies.

    Social isolation and uncertainty about the future led to increased levels of stress, anxiety, and mental health issues. Many people experienced loneliness and depression due to the prolonged lockdowns and inability to engage in normal social activities.

    Positive Outcomes and Lessons Learned

    Despite the challenges, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the resilience of individuals and communities. Healthcare workers, frontline workers, and volunteers displayed remarkable dedication in the fight against the virus. Communities came together to support one another, with many engaging in acts of kindness, from delivering groceries to vulnerable neighbors to organizing virtual events to maintain social connections.

    The pandemic also accelerated innovations in healthcare, telemedicine, and digital technology. Remote work became a viable option for many industries, leading to a reevaluation of traditional workplace practices.

    Conclusion

    COVID-19 has left a lasting mark on the world, transforming how people live, work, and interact. While the pandemic has presented numerous challenges, it has also underscored the importance of global cooperation, scientific innovation, and resilience in the face of adversity. As the world continues to adapt to the ongoing presence of the virus, it is crucial to remain vigilant, embrace vaccination efforts, and prioritize public health measures to prevent future pandemics.

  • Write an Article On Water Conservation

    Here we have written an article on water conservation. We have touched this valuable topic take a look on the below.

    Water Conservation: A Critical Need for Our Future

    Water is one of the most essential resources on Earth, vital for all forms of life. Despite covering about 71% of the Earth’s surface, only 2.5% of the world’s water is fresh, and an even smaller fraction is accessible for human use. With increasing population, urbanization, and industrialization, the demand for water is rapidly rising, while the availability of clean, drinkable water is diminishing. This has made water conservation one of the most pressing issues of our time.

    Importance of Water Conservation

    Water conservation is essential for sustaining life, ecosystems, and future generations. Without careful management of this precious resource, we face serious consequences such as water scarcity, food insecurity, and damage to the environment. There are several reasons why conserving water is so critical:

    1. Preventing Water Scarcity: Many regions across the globe, especially arid and semi-arid areas, face acute water shortages. In countries where water is scarce, millions of people lack access to clean drinking water. By conserving water, we can prevent the depletion of existing freshwater supplies and ensure that communities have access to the water they need.

    2. Environmental Protection: Excessive water use can lead to the depletion of rivers, lakes, and wetlands, which are essential habitats for countless species. Water conservation helps maintain ecosystems, protects biodiversity, and supports the balance of the environment.

    3. Mitigating Climate Change Effects: Climate change is causing more extreme weather events, including droughts and floods. Conserving water can help mitigate the impact of these events by ensuring sustainable water supplies during droughts and reducing the strain on water systems during floods.

    4. Ensuring Food Security: Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater globally, and food production heavily depends on water availability. Conserving water can help maintain a stable food supply by ensuring that farms and crops have adequate water, especially in regions prone to droughts.

    5. Economic Benefits: Water conservation reduces the cost of water treatment, distribution, and energy consumption. When less water is used, there is less wastewater to treat, resulting in energy and financial savings for communities and industries.

    Simple Ways to Conserve Water

    Every individual can contribute to water conservation through small, yet impactful changes in daily habits. Here are some practical ways to conserve water at home and in communities:

    1. Fix Leaks: A dripping faucet or a leaking pipe can waste thousands of liters of water annually. Regularly checking and repairing leaks can save a significant amount of water.

    2. Efficient Appliances: Installing water-efficient appliances like low-flow toilets, showerheads, and washing machines can reduce household water consumption without compromising functionality.

    3. Turn Off the Tap: Simple habits like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, shaving, or washing dishes can save a large amount of water over time.

    4. Shorter Showers: Reducing shower time can conserve hundreds of liters of water each month. Using a bucket for bathwater in regions with water scarcity can also help.

    5. Water Plants Wisely: Watering gardens early in the morning or late in the evening reduces evaporation, ensuring that plants receive the water they need without waste.

    6. Rainwater Harvesting: Collecting rainwater for household use, gardening, or irrigation can significantly reduce the reliance on freshwater sources and help conserve water in areas prone to drought.

    7. Education and Awareness: Raising awareness about the importance of water conservation in schools, communities, and workplaces encourages responsible water use and empowers people to take action.

    The Role of Government and Industries

    While individual actions are important, governments and industries also play a key role in ensuring sustainable water management. Policymakers must implement stricter regulations on water use, promote water recycling, and encourage the use of water-efficient technologies in agriculture, industry, and urban planning. Additionally, investment in infrastructure, such as building dams, reservoirs, and desalination plants, can help increase the availability of freshwater in regions facing water shortages.

    Industries, as major water consumers, should adopt water-saving technologies and practices, such as reusing wastewater, reducing water-intensive processes, and minimizing pollution in water bodies. Collaboration between governments, industries, and communities is crucial for creating long-term water management solutions.

    Conclusion

    Water conservation is no longer just an option; it is a necessity. The need to save water is critical for sustaining life on Earth, ensuring food security, protecting ecosystems, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Every individual, community, and industry has a role to play in preserving this essential resource for future generations. By adopting water-saving practices and supporting policies that promote sustainable water use, we can help secure a future where water is available for all.

  • Write an Article On Road Safety

    Here we have presented an article on Road Safety. It is an important article with valuable insights, have a look.

    Road Safety: A Crucial Responsibility for All

    Road safety is a pressing concern worldwide, impacting millions of lives daily. With the rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the roads, ensuring the safety of drivers, passengers, and pedestrians has become more important than ever. Road accidents not only result in loss of life and property but also have far-reaching social, economic, and emotional consequences. Therefore, road safety is not just the responsibility of the authorities but a shared responsibility of every individual on the road.

    The Importance of Road Safety

    Road safety is crucial to prevent accidents, injuries, and fatalities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death globally, particularly among young people. Most accidents can be attributed to human error, such as reckless driving, speeding, drunk driving, and not following traffic rules.

    Ensuring road safety is essential for:

    1. Saving Lives: Adhering to traffic rules and safe driving practices can significantly reduce road accidents, injuries, and deaths.
    2. Reducing Economic Burden: Accidents result in medical expenses, property damage, and loss of productivity, placing a financial burden on families and nations. Safer roads lead to fewer accidents, saving costs in the long run.
    3. Promoting Healthy Communities: Safer roads encourage walking, cycling, and public transport, promoting physical activity and reducing pollution, leading to healthier and more sustainable communities.

    Common Causes of Road Accidents

    While roads are essential for connecting people, goods, and services, the increased traffic poses risks. Understanding the common causes of road accidents can help in formulating better safety measures:

    1. Reckless Driving: Speeding, aggressive lane changes, and ignoring traffic signals are major contributors to road accidents.
    2. Distracted Driving: Using mobile phones, eating, or adjusting the car’s controls while driving distracts drivers, leading to accidents.
    3. Driving Under the Influence: Alcohol and drugs impair judgment, reaction time, and coordination, making driving under the influence highly dangerous.
    4. Poor Road Conditions: Potholes, lack of proper signage, and inadequate lighting can increase the likelihood of accidents, particularly in poor weather conditions.
    5. Lack of Safety Measures: Not wearing seat belts, helmets, or failing to use child safety seats can exacerbate the severity of injuries in accidents.

    Measures to Ensure Road Safety

    1. Following Traffic Rules: Adhering to traffic signals, speed limits, and lane discipline is essential for preventing accidents.
    2. Awareness Campaigns: Governments and NGOs should conduct regular road safety awareness campaigns to educate the public about the importance of safe driving and the consequences of negligence.
    3. Technology for Safety: Modern vehicles are equipped with safety features like anti-lock braking systems (ABS), airbags, and rearview cameras. Using these technologies can help reduce the impact of accidents.
    4. Improving Infrastructure: Governments need to invest in better road designs, proper lighting, and maintaining road conditions. Installing speed cameras, pedestrian crossings, and traffic signals in high-risk areas can enhance safety.
    5. Driver Training and Education: Proper driving education and rigorous driving tests ensure that individuals are well-prepared to handle various road conditions and understand the rules.
    6. Law Enforcement: Strict enforcement of traffic laws, including fines for speeding, drunk driving, and not wearing seat belts, can act as a deterrent against unsafe driving behaviors.
    7. Use of Helmets and Seat Belts: Wearing helmets while riding two-wheelers and seat belts in cars can significantly reduce the severity of injuries in case of an accident.

    Role of Individuals in Road Safety

    While the government and law enforcement agencies play a key role in ensuring road safety, individuals also have a significant responsibility:

    • Avoid Over-speeding: Always drive within speed limits, as speeding reduces the driver’s reaction time and increases the risk of accidents.
    • Stay Alert: Pay attention to the road and avoid distractions such as mobile phones. Staying focused can prevent unexpected incidents.
    • Do Not Drive Under Influence: Avoid driving if you have consumed alcohol or drugs. Opt for public transport or arrange for a designated driver.
    • Respect Pedestrians and Cyclists: Share the road respectfully, giving space to vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists.

    Conclusion

    Road safety is a collective responsibility that requires the participation of every individual on the road. By following traffic rules, staying alert, and adopting safe driving practices, we can reduce the number of road accidents and ensure safer roads for everyone. Governments, law enforcement, and communities must work together to create awareness and enforce strict safety measures to protect lives. A commitment to road safety is a commitment to saving lives, making our roads safer and more secure for future generations.

  • Writing Article On The Need To Save Water

    Here we have presented an Article On the need to save water. Valuable insights are present here, take a look.

    The Urgent Need to Save Water: A Call for Sustainable Action

    Water is the most essential resource on Earth, sustaining all forms of life. Despite its abundance, only a small percentage of the planet’s water is available for human use. With growing populations, industrial expansion, and climate change, the demand for water continues to rise, leading to widespread shortages and depletion of freshwater sources. This makes water conservation not just an environmental concern but a pressing global challenge that affects the survival of future generations.

    Why is Water Conservation Important?

    Water is a finite resource. While about 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, less than 3% is freshwater, and most of it is locked away in glaciers or underground. The water that remains accessible for drinking, agriculture, and industrial use is limited. As urbanization and agricultural activities increase, so does the strain on these finite water resources.

    The consequences of water scarcity are far-reaching. Lack of clean water affects health, food production, and economic development. In many parts of the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, communities face severe water shortages, leading to conflicts, forced migration, and a reduced quality of life. Climate change further exacerbates this issue by causing erratic rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, and extreme weather events, all of which threaten the availability of freshwater.

    Causes of Water Scarcity

    There are several reasons behind the growing scarcity of water:

    1. Overuse and Mismanagement: Excessive use of water for agriculture, industry, and daily activities leads to depletion of rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Inefficient irrigation practices, leaking pipes, and water wastage in households contribute significantly to the problem.
    2. Pollution: Contamination of freshwater sources with chemicals, industrial waste, and untreated sewage reduces the amount of usable water. Polluted water bodies not only harm ecosystems but also pose severe health risks to humans.
    3. Climate Change: Global warming is causing unpredictable weather patterns, with some regions experiencing droughts while others face flooding. These changes disrupt the natural water cycle, affecting the availability of freshwater.
    4. Population Growth: As the world’s population continues to grow, the demand for water increases. More people require more water for drinking, food production, sanitation, and industry, placing immense pressure on already stressed water supplies.

    The Impact of Water Scarcity

    Water scarcity has both immediate and long-term impacts on society:

    • Health and Hygiene: Millions of people around the world lack access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities. This leads to the spread of waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, which claim thousands of lives every year.
    • Agriculture and Food Security: Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater. Water shortages reduce crop yields, affecting food production and leading to price increases. In many regions, farmers struggle to grow enough food, leading to hunger and malnutrition.
    • Economic Consequences: Industries that rely heavily on water, such as manufacturing, mining, and energy production, suffer when water becomes scarce. This affects economic growth, leads to job losses, and increases the cost of goods and services.
    • Environmental Degradation: The overuse of water resources leads to the depletion of wetlands, rivers, and lakes, disrupting ecosystems and threatening biodiversity. Aquatic species are particularly vulnerable to the effects of reduced water availability.

    Steps Towards Water Conservation

    To address the water crisis, both individuals and governments must take immediate and sustained action:

    1. Efficient Water Use: Households can reduce water consumption by fixing leaks, using water-saving appliances, and being mindful of daily water use. Simple habits like turning off taps while brushing teeth and using buckets instead of hoses for cleaning can make a big difference.
    2. Sustainable Agriculture: Farmers can adopt efficient irrigation techniques like drip irrigation, which reduces water wastage. Crop rotation, rainwater harvesting, and using drought-resistant crops can also help conserve water in agriculture.
    3. Pollution Control: Governments and industries must work together to regulate the disposal of industrial waste and sewage into water bodies. Proper wastewater treatment systems can prevent water pollution and protect freshwater sources.
    4. Rainwater Harvesting: Collecting and storing rainwater for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use is an effective way to reduce the demand for freshwater from rivers and groundwater sources.
    5. Public Awareness: Education and awareness campaigns can encourage individuals to adopt water-saving practices in their daily lives. Schools, communities, and media can play a crucial role in spreading the message of water conservation.
    6. Government Policies: Strong legislation and policies are needed to manage water resources effectively. Governments must invest in water infrastructure, promote sustainable practices, and ensure equitable access to water for all citizens.

    Conclusion

    Water is life, and the need to conserve it has never been more urgent. If we continue to waste and misuse this precious resource, future generations will face severe water shortages that could lead to widespread suffering and ecological collapse. By adopting sustainable water practices today, we can ensure a better tomorrow where clean water is available for all. Saving water is not just a responsibility but a necessity for the survival of our planet and its inhabitants.

  • Writing Article on Teachers Day.

    Here we have presented sample and format article on Teachers Day.

    Teacher’s Day: Honoring the Guiding Lights of Society

    Every year on the 5th of September, India celebrates Teacher’s Day to honor the invaluable contribution of teachers in shaping the minds of the nation. This day is not just an occasion to express gratitude but a celebration of the vital role that educators play in the lives of students, communities, and the nation as a whole. The day also marks the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, a renowned philosopher, scholar, and India’s second President, who believed that “teachers should be the best minds in the country.”

    Significance of Teacher’s Day

    Teachers have always been seen as the torchbearers of wisdom and knowledge. They not only impart academic lessons but also nurture values, ethics, and discipline in their students. They guide students towards becoming responsible citizens and well-rounded individuals who contribute positively to society. Teacher’s Day is an opportunity for students to reflect on the positive impact that their mentors have had on their lives and to express appreciation for their dedication and hard work.

    Role of Teachers in Modern Society

    In today’s rapidly evolving world, the role of teachers has expanded beyond the traditional classroom setting. With advancements in technology and changes in educational practices, teachers now need to equip students with skills that will help them thrive in the 21st century. Critical thinking, problem-solving, digital literacy, and emotional intelligence are just a few areas that teachers must address. They are not only educators but also counselors, role models, and lifelong learners who constantly adapt to the changing needs of their students.

    In a globalized world, where knowledge is available at our fingertips, the personal touch of a teacher remains irreplaceable. Teachers play an essential role in fostering creativity, curiosity, and a love for learning, which no technology can replicate.

    The Legacy of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

    Teacher’s Day is celebrated on Dr. Radhakrishnan’s birthday as a tribute to his belief in the power of education and the role of teachers in society. A great advocate for education, he once said, “Instead of celebrating my birthday, it would be my proud privilege if September 5 is observed as Teacher’s Day.” His legacy serves as a reminder that education is the foundation of a strong and prosperous nation.

    Celebrating Teacher’s Day

    In schools and colleges across the country, Teacher’s Day is celebrated with enthusiasm and joy. Students organize events, give speeches, perform plays, and present small tokens of appreciation to their teachers. These celebrations reflect the bond between students and teachers, a relationship built on respect, trust, and admiration. The day also allows students to take on the role of teachers, stepping into the shoes of their mentors and gaining a deeper understanding of the challenges and rewards of teaching.

    Conclusion

    Teacher’s Day is more than just a celebration; it is a reminder of the pivotal role teachers play in shaping the future. They inspire, motivate, and guide students towards achieving their full potential. On this special day, we pay tribute to teachers for their relentless efforts in nurturing young minds and for being the backbone of our society. As we honor them, we must also recognize the need to support and uplift the teaching profession, ensuring that educators receive the respect, resources, and opportunities they deserve. After all, a teacher’s influence extends far beyond the classroom, touching lives and shaping destinies.

  • Letter to Father for asking money

    Writing a application to father for money to buy books, paying board exam fees and to pay hostel rent.

    1. Write a letter to father for money to buy books.

    Anamika Gupta
    123 Green Street,
    Model Town,
    New Delhi, 110001
    Phone: 011-987654321
    Email: neha.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: 21th January 2025

    To,
    Mr. Rajesh Kumar
    Principal
    Delhi University
    Delhi, 110002

    Subject: Request for Financial Assistance to Buy Books

    Dear Mr. Kumar,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to kindly request financial assistance to purchase books for my studies in English Literature at Delhi University. These books are essential for my coursework and academic progress, and I am currently unable to afford them due to my financial situation.

    The books required are as follows:

    1. The Norton Anthology of English Literature
    2. Modern Literary Theory by Peter Barry
    3. Shakespeare’s Tragedies

    The total cost for these books is approximately ₹4,000. I would be truly grateful if you could assist me with this amount, as these books are necessary for my academic success.

    I assure you that your contribution will be used strictly for purchasing the required books, and I will be more than happy to provide any receipts or documents you may require for reference.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your kind support.

    Sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    B.A. (Hons.) English, 2nd Year
    Delhi University

    2. Write a letter to father for money to pay board exam fee.

    Rani Sharma
    15, Green Park,
    Meerut, 110017
    Date: 23th January 2025

    Dear Papa,

    I hope you are doing well. I am writing to request your support in paying my board exam fee for the upcoming exams. As you know, the exams are fast approaching, and the fee for the exams is ₹5,500. Unfortunately, I am unable to manage this amount on my own at the moment.

    I have been preparing for the exams with full dedication, and I am confident that I will do well. The fee is due by 5th February 2025, and I would be grateful if you could kindly help me with the amount so I can submit it on time and focus on my studies.

    I assure you that I will continue to put my best effort into my preparation and do my best to make you proud. Please let me know if you need any further details about the fee structure.

    Thank you for always supporting me. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

    With love,
    Neha Sharma

    3. Write a letter to father for money to pay hostel rent.

    Sofiya Choudhary
    Room No. 305, Satyam Hostel,
    University Road,
    Prayagraj, 110025
    Date: 23th January 2025

    Dear Papa,

    I hope you are doing well. I am writing to request your support in paying my hostel rent for the current semester. The rent amount for this semester is ₹9,500, and it is due by 5th February 2025. As you know, I am currently managing my expenses on my own, but I am unable to pay the full rent this month.

    I would be really grateful if you could send the required amount as soon as possible so that I can pay the rent on time and continue staying in the hostel without any issues.

    I assure you that I will continue to focus on my studies and make the most of this opportunity. Please let me know if you need any further details about the payment or hostel fees.

    Thank you for your constant support and understanding. I look forward to your reply.

    With love,
    Sofiya Choudhary

  • Writing Joining letter after leave

    Writing a joining letter after maternity leave or leave due to illness.

    1. Write a joining application after maternity leave.

    Neha Sharma
    Senior Marketing Executive
    Marketing Department
    ABC Pvt. Ltd.
    123 Business Park,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001
    Phone: 0121-987654321
    Email: neha.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: 21th January 2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    ABC Pvt. Ltd.
    123 Business Park,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001

    Subject: Joining Report After Maternity Leave

    Dear Mr. Gupta,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally inform you that I have completed my maternity leave and am ready to resume my duties as Senior Marketing Executive with ABC Pvt. Ltd. My leave commenced on 1st October 2024 and ended on 26th January 2025, as per the company’s policy.

    I would like to confirm my joining today, 27th January 2025, and look forward to resuming my responsibilities. I am excited to return to work and continue contributing to the success of the company.

    Please let me know if there are any formalities I need to complete or any other documents required from my side to complete the joining process. I am happy to comply with any necessary steps.

    Thank you for your understanding and support during my leave. I look forward to working with the team again.

    Sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    Senior Marketing Executive
    Employee ID: 14578

    2. Write a joining application after leave due to illness.

    Lubna Choudhary
    Senior Marketing Executive
    Marketing Department
    ABC Pvt. Ltd.
    123 Business Park,
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 250001
    Phone: 0121-987654321
    Email: neha.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: 21th January 2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    ABC Pvt. Ltd.
    123 Business Park,
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 250001

    Subject: Joining Application After Leave Due to Illness

    Dear Mr Ravi Kumar,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally inform you that I have fully recovered from my illness and am ready to resume my duties as Software Developer with XYZ Technologies Pvt. Ltd. My leave was from 15th January 2025 to 25th January 2025, as per the medical advice.

    I would like to confirm my joining today, 27th January 2025, and look forward to resuming my responsibilities. I sincerely appreciate your understanding and support during my leave, and I am eager to contribute my best to the team.

    Please let me know if there are any formalities I need to complete or any other documents required from my side to resume my work.

    Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to returning to work.

    Sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    Software Developer
    Employee ID: 14578

    3. Write a rejoining letter.

    Adi Gupta
    Senior Marketing Executive
    Marketing Department
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    456 Business Park,
    Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001
    Phone: 011-987654321
    Email: neha.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: 23th January 2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    456 Business Park,
    Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001

    Subject: Rejoining Letter After Personal Leave

    Dear Mr. Kapoor,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to express my desire to rejoin Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd. after my leave of absence. As you are aware, I had to take leave due to personal reasons.

    I am pleased to inform you that I am now ready and eager to return to work and resume my duties as Senior Marketing Executive in the Marketing Department. I truly appreciate the understanding and support I received from the company during my time away.

    I would like to request that my rejoining be processed starting from 2nd February 2025, and I will be available to meet with you if any further formalities or documentation are required.

    Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to returning and contributing once again to the success of the company.

    Sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    Senior Marketing Executive
    Employee ID: 12345

  • Application for Changing Account in bank

    Writing letter for changing account due to job change or due to relocation. Format and sample requesting bank manager is present here.

    1. Write a account transfer letter due to job change.

    Neha Sharma
    456 Rose Street,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001
    Phone: 0121-987654321
    Email: neha.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: 25th January 2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    HDFC Bank
    Meerut City Branch
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001

    Subject: Request for Account Transfer Due to Job Change

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing this letter to request the transfer of my bank account from your branch to a new branch, as I have recently changed my job and will be relocating to a different city. Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder’s Name: Neha Sharma
    • Account Number: 1234 5678 9101
    • Current Branch Name: HDFC Bank, Meerut City Branch
    • New Branch Name: HDFC Bank, Lucknow City Branch
    • New Branch Address: 789 Green Park, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001

    I kindly request you to transfer my account to the nearest branch of HDFC Bank in Lucknow, where I will be residing. I am attaching my job change letter and address proof for your reference.

    Please let me know if any further documents or actions are required from my side to complete the transfer process.

    I would appreciate your prompt assistance with this matter.

    Thank you for your understanding and support.

    Sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    [Signature]

    2. Write a application for bank account transfer to another branch due to relocated.

    Neha Sharma
    456 Rose Street,
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, 250001
    Phone: 0121-987654321
    Email: neha.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: 26th January 2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    HDFC Bank
    Meerut City Branch
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, 250001

    Subject: Request for Bank Account Transfer to Another Branch Due to Relocation

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request the transfer of my bank account from your branch to another branch, as I have recently relocated to a different area. Below are the details of my account and the new branch where I wish to transfer it:

    • Account Holder’s Name: Neha Sharma
    • Account Number: 1122 3344 5566
    • Current Branch Name: HDFC Bank, Delhi City Branch
    • New Branch Name: HDFC Bank, Lucknow City Branch
    • New Branch Address: 789 Green Park, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001

    As I have shifted my residence to a new city due to my job relocation, I kindly request you to initiate the process of transferring my account to the HDFC Bank Lucknow City Branch. I am attaching my address proof and other necessary documents for your reference.

    I would appreciate your swift action in transferring my account and making it convenient for me to operate it from the new branch. Please let me know if there are any additional documents or steps required from my side to complete this process.

    Thank you for your time and support.

    Sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    [Signature]

  • Sample and Format of Letter for school

    Here we are writing sample application for the submission of documents to a school or submission of certificate in a company.

    1. Write a sample letter for submitting documents to a School.

    Priya Gupta
    12, Green Meadows, Sector 15
    Dwarka, Delhi- 122001
    21th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Sunshine International School
    Plot No. 45, Sector 12
    Connaught Place, Delhi – 122018

    Subject: Submission of Documents for Admission

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to submit the necessary documents for my daughter, Aarushi Gupta, for the purpose of completing the admission process to Grade 5 at your esteemed school for the academic year 2025-2026.

    The following documents are being submitted along with this letter:

    1. Birth Certificate
    2. Passport-sized photographs (2 copies)
    3. Aadhaar Card Copy
    4. Previous School’s Transfer Certificate
    5. Marksheet/Report Card from ABC International School
    6. Address Proof (Aadhaar card)

    I kindly request you to acknowledge the receipt of the documents and process the admission accordingly. If there are any additional documents required or further actions needed, please feel free to contact me at 9876543210 or via email at priya.gupta@gmail.com.

    Thank you for your consideration and support. I look forward to your response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Gupta
    Contact: 9876543210
    Email: priya.gupta@gmail.com

    2. Write a letter for submitting certificate to a company.

    Ravi Kumar
    B-10, Green Avenue, Sector 21
    Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh – 201301
    23th January 2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    Tech Innovators Pvt. Ltd.
    D-12, Sector 34
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh – 201307

    Subject: Submission of Training Completion Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to submit the Training Completion Certificate for the “Advanced Data Analytics Course” that I recently completed as part of my professional development. Please find the certificate attached herewith for your review.

    The certificate verifies my completion of the training program, which focused on data analysis techniques, statistical tools, and machine learning algorithms, and it is relevant to my role as a Data Analyst at Tech Innovators Pvt. Ltd..

    Should you require any additional documents or information, please feel free to contact me.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Kumar
    Data Analyst
    Contact: 9876543210
    Email: ravi.kumar@gmail.com

  • Write an Explanation Letter for Mistake at work or apology letter for mistake

    Here we have provided sample and format for explaining mistake at work.

    Rohit Mehra
    Sales Executive
    Starline Enterprises
    25th January 2025

    To,
    Mr. Anil Sharma
    Sales Manager
    Starline Enterprises

    Subject: Explanation for the Mistake in the Monthly Sales Report

    Dear Mr. Sharma,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally apologize and provide an explanation for the mistake that occurred in the submission of the Monthly Sales Report for December 2024. I fully acknowledge that the error in the report, specifically the incorrect sales figures for Region B, was due to my oversight, and I deeply regret the inconvenience it has caused.

    Upon reviewing the situation, I realized that the error happened due to a miscalculation during data entry, and I mistakenly overlooked the incorrect totals while finalizing the report. It was never my intention to let this mistake happen, and I take full responsibility for the outcome. I have already rechecked the data and submitted a revised report with accurate figures.

    Moving forward, I will ensure that such mistakes do not happen again by thoroughly double-checking all reports before submission and cross-referencing the data with our CRM system to avoid discrepancies.

    Once again, I sincerely apologize for any disruption caused by my mistake, and I appreciate your understanding in this matter. I remain committed to delivering high-quality work and learning from this experience to improve.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. If you have any further concerns or need additional information, please feel free to let me know.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rohit Mehra
    Sales Executive
    Contact: 9876543210

    2. Write a apology letter to boss for mistake.

    Neha Sharma
    Marketing Coordinator
    Bright Star Solutions
    19th January 2025

    To,
    Mr. Rajeev Khanna
    Marketing Director
    Bright Star Solutions

    Subject: Apology for the Mistake in the Email Campaign

    Dear Mr. Khanna,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to sincerely apologize for the mistake I made regarding the recent email marketing campaign for the “Spring Sale Promotion.” I fully acknowledge my error in sending the emails with incorrect discount codes to our clients, and I deeply regret the confusion and inconvenience this has caused.

    I take full responsibility for my actions and understand the negative impact it may have had on our clients and the overall campaign. The mistake occurred due to a miscommunication on my part while uploading the discount codes into the email system, and I should have double-checked the details before sending.

    To rectify the situation, I have already contacted the affected clients and provided them with the correct discount codes. Additionally, I am implementing a more rigorous review process for all future email campaigns to ensure such errors do not happen again.

    Once again, I deeply apologize for any inconvenience or frustration caused by my mistake. I am committed to learning from this experience and ensuring that I deliver better work in the future. Thank you for your understanding and continued support.

    Yours sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    Marketing Coordinator
    Contact: 9876543210

  • Writing a Invitation for the Chief Guest

    Here we have provided format and sample for inviting a person as chief guest on annual sports day or restaurant opening or school function .

    1. Write a Invitation letter for the chief guest.

    Greenwood School
    B-12, Sector 10,
    Delhi, 201301
    16th January 2025,
    Dr. Rajesh Sharma

    Principal
    National Institute of Education
    F-3, Sector 4,
    Delhi, 201301

    Subject: Invitation to be the Chief Guest at Annual Sports Day

    Respected Dr. Sharma,

    We hope this letter finds you in the best of health and spirits. On behalf of Greenwood School, it is our honor to invite you as the Chief Guest for our upcoming Annual Sports Day, which is scheduled to take place on 15th February 2025 at 10:00 AM at the school playground.

    The Annual Sports Day is a highly anticipated event for our students, teachers, and parents, and we would be privileged to have you as the Chief Guest. Your presence and encouragement would greatly inspire the participants and add to the joy of the occasion. We are confident that your esteemed presence will enrich the event and motivate our students to perform at their best.

    The details of the event are as follows:
    Event: Annual Sports Day
    Date: 15th February 2025
    Time: 10:00 AM
    Venue: Greenwood School Playground, B-12, Sector 10, Delhi

    We kindly request you to grace the event with your esteemed presence and share your thoughts with the students and staff. Your words of wisdom will surely be an inspiration for all.

    Please let us know if you need any further details or have any special requirements for the event. We eagerly await your confirmation and hope to make this event a memorable one with your gracious presence.

    Thank you for considering our invitation. We look forward to welcoming you to the event.

    Warm regards,
    Anjali Verma
    Event Coordinator
    Greenwood School
    9876543210
    anjaliverma@greenwoodschool.com

    2. Write a Chef guest Invitation Card for Restaurant opening.

    Invitation

    The Grand Opening of Our Restaurant

    You are cordially invited to the grand opening of Spice Villa
    on Sunday, 5th February 2025 at 5:00 PM
    at 123, Sunset Boulevard, Dwarka, New Delhi

    We are honored to have Mr. Rajeev Malhotra,
    renowned celebrity chef and food critic,
    as the Chief Guest for this special occasion.

    Please join us to mark the beginning of a new culinary journey with delectable cuisine, an inviting ambiance, and memorable experiences.

    Your presence would mean a lot to us!

    RSVP:
    Ravi Kumar
    1254632547
    Ravi.kumar@gmail.com

    3. Write a Invitation letter for Chief guest for a function at School.

    Green Valley Public School
    123, Blossom Avenue,
    Greenwood City,
    Meerut – 110020
    25th January 2025

    Dr. Anjali Verma
    Director, Department of Education
    Ministry of Human Resource Development
    Shastri Bhawan,
    Meerut – 110001

    Subject: Invitation as Chief Guest for the Annual Day Celebration

    Dear Dr. Anjali Verma,

    We hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits. It gives us immense pleasure to inform you that our school, Green Valley Public School, is organizing its Annual Day Celebration on 10th February 2025 at 5:00 PM in the school auditorium. We are writing to cordially invite you to grace the occasion as our esteemed Chief Guest.

    Your presence at the function would greatly motivate our students, staff, and parents, and your words of wisdom will certainly inspire and enlighten everyone attending the event. The students and faculty members are excited and looking forward to this grand occasion.

    We request you to kindly accept our invitation and honor us with your gracious presence. Please confirm your availability at your earliest convenience.

    We eagerly look forward to your positive response.

    Thank you for considering our invitation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rohit Sharma
    Principal
    Green Valley Public School
    Contact: 9876543210
    Email: principal@gvpschool.edu.in

  • Application for Quarter Allotment

    1. Write a Letter requesting Quarter Allotment.

    Quarter Allotment Letter

    Date: 25 January 2025

    To,
    Mr. Rahul Verma
    Senior Software Engineer
    IT Department
    ABC Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
    Meerut, 201301

    Subject: Allotment of Official Quarter

    Dear Mr. Verma,

    I am pleased to inform you that, as per your application and in accordance with the company’s housing policy, an official quarter has been allotted to you.

    The details of the allotted quarter are as follows:

    Quarter Number: Q-45
    Address: Sector 12, ABC Colony, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301
    Type of Quarter: 2BHK
    Effective Date of Allotment: 1st February 2025

    You are requested to take possession of the quarter on or after 1st February 2025. Kindly ensure that you complete the necessary formalities, including signing the possession agreement and submitting any required documents, with the concerned department.

    The rent, maintenance charges, and other applicable fees will be as per the company’s housing policy. Please feel free to contact the Housing Department for any further information or assistance.

    We hope that you find the quarter comfortable and conducive to your work-life balance.

    Congratulations, and we wish you a pleasant stay!

    Yours sincerely,
    Anjali Sharma
    HR Manager
    ABC Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
    Contact: 9876543210

    2. Write a application for government Quarters.

    Ravi Kumar
    Junior Clerk
    Revenue Department
    Block No. 5, Civil Secretariat
    Meerut, 800001
    18th January 2025

    To,
    The Chief Administrative Officer
    Housing Department
    State Government Office
    Meerut, 800001

    Subject: Application for Allotment of Government Quarter

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this application finds you in good health. I, Ravi Kumar, am currently serving as a Junior Clerk in the Revenue Department at the Civil Secretariat, Patna. I am writing to request the allotment of a government quarter for residential purposes.

    As per the regulations, I am eligible to apply for a government quarter, and I would like to request your kind consideration for the same. I have been serving in the Revenue Department for 2 years and have been facing challenges in managing accommodation on my own. A government quarter will greatly support my work and help me focus better on my responsibilities.

    I request you to kindly consider my application and allocate a quarter to me as per the availability. I am willing to comply with all the formalities required for the allotment process.

    I would be grateful for your support and look forward to a positive response at the earliest.

    Thank you for your time and consideration.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ravi Kumar
    Junior Clerk
    9876543210
    ravikumar@example.com

  • Write an application for correction in marksheet of University

    1.Writing a letter to the Registrar for Correction in Marksheet.

    Date: 25 January 2025

    To,
    The Registrar
    University of Delhi
    North Campus, Delhi
    110007

    Subject: Request for Correction in Marksheet

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Radhika Sharma, a student of Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) English Honours, enrolled in the Department of English with roll number 123456789, would like to inform you about a mistake found in my marksheet issued for the 5th Semester examination held in November 2024.

    Upon reviewing the marksheet, I noticed that there is an error in the subject “British Literature”. The marks recorded for this subject are 58, whereas the correct marks should be 75. I kindly request you to rectify this mistake and issue a corrected marksheet.

    I have attached a copy of my original marksheet for your reference and any necessary supporting documents to help resolve the issue.

    I would be grateful for your prompt attention and assistance in correcting this matter.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Radhika Sharma
    Roll Number: 123456789
    B.A. English Honours
    Department of English
    University of Delhi
    Contact: 9876543210

    Enclosures:

    1. Copy of Original Marksheet
    2. Supporting Documents (if applicable)

    2. Write a application for marksheet correctio.

    Application for Marksheet Correction to registrar

    Date: 25 January 2025

    To,
    The Registrar
    University of Delhi
    Karol Bagh, Delhi

    Subject: Request for Correction in Marksheet

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Aarushi Patel, a student of Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) in the Department of Commerce, with roll number 2022345678, am writing to request a correction in my marksheet issued for the 3rd Year, Semester VI examination held in December 2024.

    Upon reviewing my marksheet, I noticed a discrepancy in the marks of the subject “Corporate Accounting.” The marks recorded for this subject are 56, but the correct marks should be 72. I kindly request you to correct this error and issue a revised marksheet with the accurate information.

    I have attached a copy of my original marksheet for your reference and any necessary documents to facilitate the correction.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your assistance in resolving the issue.

    Yours faithfully,
    Aarushi Patel
    Roll Number: 2022345678
    B.Com
    Department of Commerce
    University of Mumbai
    Contact: 9876543210

    Enclosures:

    1. Copy of Original Marksheet
    2. Supporting Documents (if any)
  • Format of letter to Uncle Thanking him for the Gift

    1. Write a letter to uncle thanking him for the birthday gift.

    Priya Mehra
    45, Rose Villa Apartments
    Meerut, 700019
    18 January 2025

    Dear Uncle Rajesh,

    I hope you are doing well. I wanted to take a moment to thank you for the wonderful birthday gift you sent me. I was thrilled when I opened the gift and saw the beautiful wristwatch. It is exactly what I wanted, and I truly appreciate your thoughtfulness and generosity.

    Your gift made my birthday even more special, and I will always cherish it. Thank you so much for being so thoughtful and for making my day extra memorable. I hope to see you soon so I can thank you in person.

    Take care, and once again, thank you for the lovely gift!

    With love,
    Priya

    2. Write a letter thanking uncle for the new laptop.

    Priya Mehra
    45, Main street
    Delhi, 700019
    18 January 2025

    Dear Uncle Suresh,

    I hope you are doing well. I wanted to express my heartfelt thanks for the amazing birthday gift—a brand new laptop! I was completely surprised and so excited when I received it. This laptop will be incredibly useful for my studies and projects, and I can’t thank you enough for such a thoughtful and generous present.

    It means a lot to me, and I am truly grateful for your kindness. I’m already enjoying using it and will make the best use of it. You’ve made my birthday extra special this year!

    I look forward to seeing you soon and thanking you in person. Take care, and thank you once again for the wonderful gift!

    With love,
    Rekha

  • Leave Letter format for sick leave from job sample

    Writing a leave application format for sick leave from job.

    Sick Leave Application

    Date: 19 January 2025

    To,
    The Manager
    ABC Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
    Human Resources Department
    Delhi, 201301

    Subject: Application for Sick Leave

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to inform you that I am unwell and unable to attend work due to a viral fever. As advised by my doctor, I need to take rest for three days to recover fully.

    I kindly request you to grant me sick leave from 25 January 2025 to 27 January 2025. I will keep you informed if there is any need to extend the leave period. In case of any urgent matters, you can reach me at 9876543210.

    Thank you for your understanding.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Mehra
    Software Developer
    IT Department
    Contact: 9876543210

  • Writing Authorization Letter to bank

    Here we have presented samples and format for authorization to another person to account or submitting loan documents.

    1. Write a Authorization letter to bank due to illness.

    Authorization Letter Due to Illness

    Date: 22 January 2025

    To,
    The Manager
    Axis Bank
    Civil Lines Branch
    New Delhi, 110054

    Subject: Authorization Letter Due to Illness

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Riya Verma, holding Account Number 4567890123, am unable to visit your branch in person due to illness. Therefore, I hereby authorize my brother, Arjun Verma, holding Aadhaar Number 1234 5678 9012, to act on my behalf and handle all necessary matters regarding the submission of KYC documents for my account.

    Please allow Arjun Verma to carry out the required formalities on my behalf. I am attaching a copy of my medical certificate and identification documents along with this letter for your reference.

    I kindly request you to cooperate with Arjun Verma in completing the process. Should you need any additional information, please feel free to contact me at 9876543210 or riyaverma@gmail.com.

    Thank you for your understanding and assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Riya Verma
    45, Green Park, Civil Lines
    New Delhi, 110054
    Contact: 9876543210

    Enclosures:

    1. Copy of my Aadhaar Card
    2. Copy of Arjun Verma’s Aadhaar Card
    3. Medical Certificate

    2. Write a Authorization letter Sample to collect loan document.

    Authorization Letter to Collect Loan Documents

    Date: 25 January 2025

    To,
    The Manager
    HDFC Bank
    Loan Department
    Rajendra Nagar Branch
    Meerut, 800016

    Subject: Authorization Letter to Collect Loan Documents

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Shweta Singh, holding Loan Account Number 5678901234, have successfully completed the repayment of my loan. Due to personal reasons, I am unable to visit the branch to collect the loan documents in person. Therefore, I hereby authorize my father, Mr. Ramesh Singh, holding Aadhaar Number 1234 5678 9101, to collect the original loan documents on my behalf.

    Please allow Mr. Ramesh Singh to collect the loan documents and sign any necessary acknowledgments on my behalf. I am attaching a copy of my identification proof along with Mr. Ramesh Singh’s identification proof for your reference.

    I kindly request you to assist Mr. Ramesh Singh in completing the formalities for collecting the documents. Should you require any further information, please feel free to contact me at 9876543210 or via email at shweta.singh@gmail.com.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Shweta Singh
    Flat No. 12, Rose Apartments,
    Kankarbagh, Patna, 800020
    Contact: 9876543210

    Enclosures:

    1. Copy of my Aadhaar Card
    2. Copy of Ramesh Singh’s Aadhaar Card

  • Application for Signature Change in Bank Sample and format

    Writing an application letter for signature change in bank account. Here we have provided sample and format.

    Neha Sharma
    12, Green Avenue, Sector 5
    Lucknow, 226001
    25 January 2025

    The Branch Manager
    State Bank of India
    Gomti Nagar Branch
    Lucknow, 226010

    Subject: Application for Signature Change in Bank Account

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to request a change in my signature for my account held at your branch. Below are my account details:

    • Account Holder’s Name: Neha Sharma
    • Account Number: 9876543210
    • Branch Name: Gomti Nagar Branch
    • IFSC Code: SBIN0001234

    Due to a recent change in my signature style, I would like to update my signature linked to my bank account. I have attached my old and new signatures for your reference.

    Old Signature: _______________
    New Signature: _______________

    I kindly request you to update the signature in your records and enable me to operate my account with the new signature. I am also enclosing a self-attested copy of my Aadhaar card for verification purposes.

    Thank you for your assistance in this matter. Please feel free to contact me at 9876543211 or nehasharma@gmail.com if any further information is required.

    Yours faithfully,
    Neha Sharma
    [Signature]

    Enclosures:

    1. Self-attested copy of Aadhaar card
    2. Old and new signature samples

  • Letter for seeking NO Due Certificate from Bank of Personal Loan

    Writing an application to receive no due certificate from bank of a personal and education loan. Format and samples are provided below.

    No Due Certificate

    Date: 19th January 2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager,
    XYZ Bank Ltd.,
    City Branch,
    New Delhi – 110001.

    Subject: No Due Certificate for Personal Loan

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    This is to certify that Mr. Rahul Sharma, holding a Personal Loan account with our bank, Account Number: PL123456789, has repaid the full amount of the loan taken from the bank.

    As of the date of this certificate, no dues remain against the personal loan account mentioned above. The outstanding loan amount of Rs. 2,50,000/- (Two Lakhs Fifty Thousand Rupees) has been fully paid along with any applicable interest and charges. Therefore, the loan account stands closed with no further financial obligations.

    We confirm that the said loan account has been satisfactorily settled and there are no dues pending.

    Thank you for choosing XYZ Bank.

    Issued by:
    Authorized Signatory
    XYZ Bank Ltd.
    (Branch Manager)
    Signature: ______________
    Seal of the Bank

    2. Write a no due certificate from bank of study loan.

    No Due Certificate
    Date: 25th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal,
    Delhi University”
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh,

    Subject: No Due Certificate for Study Loan

    This is to certify that Mr. Rahul Sharma, son of Mr. Prakash Sharma, residing at 45, Park Street, City, has availed an Education Loan from ABC Bank, Branch Code: 12345, for the purpose of pursuing his higher education at XYZ University.

    The details of the loan account are as follows:

    • Loan Account Number: 9876543210
    • Date of Loan Sanction: 10th June 2022
    • Loan Amount Sanctioned: ₹2,50,000
    • Loan Amount Repaid: ₹2,50,000
    • Outstanding Balance: ₹0
    • Loan Closure Date: 25th January 2025

    We hereby confirm that there are no outstanding dues or pending payments against the aforementioned loan account. The loan has been fully repaid, and the account is closed.

    This certificate is issued at the request of Mr. Rahul Sharma for the purpose of submitting it to XYZ University.

    For ABC Bank,
    Branch Manager
    Signature: ______________
    (Stamp of the Bank)

    3. Write a letter for No due certificate from bank format.

    Abhilash
    House 5, Street 3
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
    2563147896
    Abhilash@gmail.com

    Date: 21-January-2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager,
    HDFC
    Main Branch
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh

    Subject: Request for No Due Certificate for Education Loan

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request a “No Due Certificate” for my Education Loan account with your bank.

    The details of my loan account are as follows:

    • Loan Account Number: [Your Loan Account Number]
    • Loan Type: Education Loan
    • Date of Loan Sanction: [Loan Sanction Date]
    • Loan Amount: [Loan Amount Sanctioned]
    • Loan Closure Date: [Date of Loan Closure (if paid off)]

    I have fully repaid the loan, and there are no outstanding dues against my account. I kindly request you to issue the No Due Certificate confirming the closure of my Education Loan account.

    The certificate is required for submission to Meerut University for further processing of my academic records.

    Thank you for your assistance. Please feel free to contact me if you need any further information.

    Yours sincerely,
    Abhilash
    [Signature]

  • Letter Seeking Bank Account Death Claim

    Writing sample and format to inform a bank about the death of an account holder or joint account holder.

    1. Write a sample letter to inform a bank about the death of an account holder.

    Neha Sharma
    A-123, Green Park Colony
    New Delhi – 110016
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: nehasharma123@gmail.com

    Date: 19/01/2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    State Bank of India
    Rajouri Garden Branch
    New Delhi – 110027

    Subject: Intimation of Death of Account Holder and Request for Account Closure

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to inform you of the sad demise of Mr. Rajesh Sharma, who held an account with your bank under the account number 9876543210. He passed away on 10/01/2025, and I am enclosing the death certificate for your reference.

    As Mr. Rajesh Sharma’s daughter, I would kindly request you to guide me through the necessary steps for closing the account and settling any remaining balance.

    Please let me know if you require any additional documents or formalities to proceed with this process. I would appreciate it if you could expedite the closure as soon as possible and inform me of any further actions needed.

    I look forward to your prompt assistance in this matter.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,

    Neha Sharma
    Daughter of Mr. Rajesh Sharma

    Enclosures:

    1. Death Certificate Copy
    2. Identification Proof (Aadhar Card Copy)

    2. Write a Sample letter to Bank about the death of joint account holder.

    Rohan Verma
    B-12, Shastri Nagar
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250004
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: rohanverma@email.com

    Date: 25/01/2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    Punjab National Bank
    Shastri Nagar Branch
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250004

    Subject: Intimation of Death of Joint Account Holder and Request for Account Update

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to inform you of the unfortunate demise of Mrs. Sunita Verma, who was a joint holder of the account numbered 1234567890 with me at your bank. She passed away on 10/01/2025, and I am enclosing a copy of the death certificate for your reference.

    As the surviving account holder, I would like to request your assistance in updating the account accordingly. Kindly let me know the necessary formalities or documentation required to complete this process. I would also appreciate any guidance on how to proceed with managing the account moving forward.

    Please let me know if any further information is required. I look forward to your prompt assistance in handling this matter.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,

    Rohan Verma
    Husband of Mrs. Sunita Verma

    Enclosures:

    1. Death Certificate Copy
    2. Identification Proof (Aadhar Card Copy)

  • Format of receiving Society NOC for selling property, apply for mortgage loan or billing Letter

    1. Write a letter to society for NOC to sell property.

    Date: 24th January 2025

    To,
    The President,
    ABC Housing Society,
    XYZ Road, Sector 12,
    City Name – 123456.

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the ABC Housing Society for the sale of my property located at Flat No. 405, Block B, ABC Housing Society, XYZ Road, Sector 12, City Name – 123456.

    I, Mr. Rahul Sharma, am the owner of the above-mentioned property, and I have decided to sell it to Mr. Sanjay Mehra, who has expressed interest in purchasing the flat. As part of the legal process for the sale, I would require an NOC from the society, confirming that the society has no objections regarding the transfer of ownership of the said property.

    I assure you that all dues related to the society maintenance, electricity, and other charges have been cleared up to date. Enclosed are the following documents for your reference:

    1. Copy of the property ownership document.
    2. Proof of clearance of society dues.
    3. Buyer’s ID proof.

    I would be grateful if you could kindly issue the NOC at your earliest convenience to ensure a smooth and swift sale process. Should you require any further documentation or information, please feel free to contact me at 9876543210 or via email at rahul.sharma@email.com.

    Thank you for your assistance in this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rahul Sharma
    Flat No. 405, Block B
    ABC Housing Society
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: rahul.sharma@gmail.com

    2. Write a letter to society secretary for NOC to apply for a mortgage loan.

    Subject: Request for No Objection Certificate (NOC) for Mortgage Loan Application

    Date: 24th January 2025

    To,
    The Secretary,
    XYZ Housing Society,
    ABC Street, Sector 8,
    City Name – 987654.

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope you are doing well. I am writing to request a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the XYZ Housing Society for the purpose of applying for a mortgage loan against my property located at Flat No. 202, Block A, XYZ Housing Society, ABC Street, Sector 8, City Name – 987654.

    I, Mrs. Priya Verma, am the owner of the aforementioned flat and I am in the process of securing a mortgage loan from ABC Bank Ltd. To complete my loan application, the bank requires an NOC from the housing society, stating that the society has no objection to me availing the loan against the property.

    I assure you that all society dues, maintenance fees, and other charges have been paid in full and up to date. Kindly issue the NOC at your earliest convenience to enable me to proceed with the loan formalities.

    For your reference, I have enclosed the following documents:

    1. Copy of property ownership proof.
    2. Loan application confirmation letter from ABC Bank Ltd.
    3. Proof of clearance of society dues.

    If you require any further information or documentation, please feel free to contact me at 9876543210 or via email at priya.verma@email.com.

    I kindly request you to issue the NOC at the earliest so that I can proceed with my loan application smoothly.

    Thank you for your cooperation and assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Verma
    Flat No. 202, Block A
    XYZ Housing Society
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: priya.verma@email.com

    3. Write a Request letter to society for NOC for transfer of Billing name.

    Subject: Request for No Objection Certificate (NOC) for Mortgage Loan Application

    Date: 24th January 2025

    To,
    The Secretary,
    XYZ Housing Society,
    ABC Street, Sector 8,
    Meerut – 987654.

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope you are doing well. I am writing to request a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the XYZ Housing Society for the purpose of applying for a mortgage loan against my property located at Flat No. 202, Block A, XYZ Housing Society, ABC Street, Sector 8, City Name – 987654.

    I, Mrs. Priya Verma, am the owner of the aforementioned flat and I am in the process of securing a mortgage loan from ABC Bank Ltd. To complete my loan application, the bank requires an NOC from the housing society, stating that the society has no objection to me availing the loan against the property.

    I assure you that all society dues, maintenance fees, and other charges have been paid in full and up to date. Kindly issue the NOC at your earliest convenience to enable me to proceed with the loan formalities.

    For your reference, I have enclosed the following documents:

    1. Copy of property ownership proof.
    2. Loan application confirmation letter from ABC Bank Ltd.
    3. Proof of clearance of society dues.

    If you require any further information or documentation, please feel free to contact me at 9876543210 or via email at priya.verma@email.com.

    I kindly request you to issue the NOC at the earliest so that I can proceed with my loan application smoothly.

    Thank you for your cooperation and assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Verma
    Flat No. 202, Block A
    XYZ Housing Society
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: priya.verma@gmail.com

  • Application to University for Degree Certificate

    Here we have provided samples and format for application to University for Degree Certificate.

    Write a application to university for Degree Certificate.

    Ananya Sharma
    456, Green Park Colony
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001
    ananya.sharma@gmail.com
    9876543210
    January 24, 2025

    To,
    The Registrar
    Global University of Excellence
    Sector 12, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, 201310

    Subject: Application for Issuance of Degree Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request the issuance of my degree certificate for the Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Physics program that I completed in the year 2024 at your esteemed university. I have successfully completed all requirements for the degree, and I now require the official degree certificate for further academic and professional purposes.

    Below are my details for your reference:

    • Name: Ananya Sharma
    • Roll Number: 202020MSP123
    • Course: Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Physics
    • Year of Graduation: 2024
    • Department: Department of Physics

    I kindly request you to process my application and issue the degree certificate as soon as possible. Please inform me if any further documentation or steps are required.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ananya Sharma

  • Writing an Application for issuing of Degree

    Here we have presented a letter for issuing of Degree certificate from college.

    Write an Application for Degree Certificate from college.

    Rahul Kumar
    123, Sector 15, Vikas Nagar
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226020
    rahul.kumar@email.com
    9876543210
    January 24, 2025

    To,
    The Registrar
    Vibrant Academy University
    Sector 18, New Delhi, 110001

    Subject: Application for Issuance of Degree Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request the issuance of my degree certificate for the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) program that I successfully completed at your esteemed university. I graduated in the year 2024, and I am in need of my official degree certificate for future academic and professional pursuits.

    Below are my details for your reference:

    • Name: Rahul Kumar
    • Roll Number: 123456789
    • Course: Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)
    • Year of Graduation: 2024
    • Department: English Literature

    I kindly request you to process my application and issue the degree certificate at the earliest. If there are any formalities or documents required from my side, please let me know.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to receiving the degree certificate soon.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rahul Kumar

  • Writing Application for School Teacher Job Format and sample

    Write a letter for school teacher job to principal of the schools. Here sample and format are provided.

    1. Write an application for the post of Primary teacher.

    Anjali Sharma
    House 8, Main Street
    Meerut, UttarPardesh
    Anjali.Sharma@gmail.com
    2563147823
    21th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Shining Star International School
    Sector 12, Meerut
    Uttar Pradesh, 201310

    Subject: Application for the Post of Primary Teacher

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to apply for the position of Primary Teacher in your esteemed institution, as advertised. I am confident that my educational background, skills, and enthusiasm for teaching children make me an ideal candidate for this role.

    I have completed my Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) from Global University of Excellence and have if any, e 2 years of experience teaching in a primary school setting. I possess strong communication and interpersonal skills, which enable me to create a positive and effective learning environment for young students.

    In addition, I am dedicated to fostering the holistic development of children by incorporating interactive learning techniques, creativity, and student engagement. I believe in not just teaching academic concepts but also nurturing social and emotional growth.

    Please find my resume attached for your reference. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss my qualifications in more detail. I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience and can be reached at 2365478596 or Anjali.Sharma@gmail.com.

    Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of contributing to your school’s mission and vision.

    Yours sincerely,
    Anjali Sharma

    2. Write a application for the Post of High School Teacher.

    Here’s an application letter for the post of High School Teacher with random details filled in:


    Rahul Kumar
    123, Sector 5, Vikas Nagar
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226020
    rahul.kumar@email.com
    9876543210
    January 24, 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    St. Xavier’s High School
    Sector 12, Aliganj
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226024

    Subject: Application for the Post of High School Teacher

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to apply for the position of High School Teacher in your prestigious institution, as advertised. With my educational qualifications and experience in teaching, I am confident that I will be able to contribute positively to the academic environment at St. Xavier’s High School.

    I hold a Master’s degree in English Literature from Lucknow University and have completed my Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) from Vibrant Academy University. I have been teaching English at the high school level for the past three years at Greenfield International School and have developed a deep understanding of the curriculum, student needs, and classroom management. My approach to teaching focuses on making learning interactive, engaging, and relevant to the students’ lives.

    I am highly motivated to work with young minds and help them achieve their full potential, not only academically but also in terms of personal growth. My ability to build strong relationships with students and create a positive learning environment has been one of my key strengths.

    Enclosed is my resume for your reference. I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my qualifications in more detail. Please feel free to contact me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address] to arrange a suitable time for an interview.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rahul Kumar

  • Write a Refund Application Letter and Email

    Writing a e-mail application for refund of mobile purchase and advance payment letter. Format and samples are provided below.

    1. Write a application for refund mail format.

    Subject: Request for Refund of Mobile Phone Purchase – Order #12345

    Dear Customer Support Team,

    I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to request a refund for my recent purchase of the Samsung Galaxy S21, order number #12345, placed on January 10, 2025. Unfortunately, I am dissatisfied with the product due to its defective screen which has started flickering within a week of usage.

    Below are the details of the transaction for your reference:

    • Order Number: #12345
    • Product Name: Samsung Galaxy S21
    • Date of Purchase: January 10, 2025
    • Amount Paid: ₹45,000
    • Mode of Payment: Credit Card (HDFC Bank)

    I kindly request a full refund of the amount paid as per your refund policy. Please let me know if you require any further details or documents to process this request.

    I appreciate your prompt attention to this matter and look forward to your response.

    Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.

    Best regards,
    Rahul Sharma
    9876543210
    123, Sector 15, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh
    rahul.sharma@email.com

    2. Write a request letter for refund of advance payment.

    Rahul Sharma
    123, Sector 15, Meerut
    Uttar Pradesh, 201301
    rahul.sharma@gmail.com
    9876543210
    January 21, 2025

    To,
    The Manager
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    Building No. 12, Industrial Area
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 201307

    Subject: Request for Refund of Advance Payment

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request the refund of the advance payment made for the website development service on January 10, 2025. Due to unforeseen circumstances, I am unable to proceed with the planned service and would like to request the refund of the advance amount of ₹15,000 paid.

    Below are the details of the payment:

    • Payment Amount: ₹15,000
    • Date of Payment: January 10, 2025
    • Mode of Payment: Bank Transfer (HDFC Bank)
    • Transaction Reference Number: 1234567890

    I kindly request you to process the refund at the earliest. I would appreciate it if you could confirm the status of my refund and any further steps required from my side.

    Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. Please feel free to contact me at 9876543210 or rahul.sharma@gmail.com for any further details.

    Looking forward to your prompt response.

    Sincerely,
    Rahul Sharma

  • Writing a Request letter of outstanding Payment via Email

    Writing an application Email for payment release format and sample is provided below.

    Write a request letter for Payment Release E-mail.

    Subject: Request for Payment Release

    Dear Mr. Sharma,

    I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to kindly request the release of the pending payment for the invoice #12345 dated 15th December 2024 for the services rendered by our company, Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd..

    As per our agreement, the payment was due on 1st January 2025, and we have not yet received the payment. The total amount outstanding is ₹50,000. We kindly request that you process the payment at your earliest convenience to avoid any further delays.

    Please find the invoice attached for your reference. If you require any further information or documentation, do not hesitate to contact me.

    We appreciate your prompt attention to this matter and look forward to receiving the payment soon.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Best regards,
    Ravi Patel
    Account Manager
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    Email: ravi.patel@techsolutions.com
    Phone: 9876543210

  • Write a Parents Teacher’s Meeting Notice format and samples

    Writing a parents Teacher for school meeting notice format and samples.

    Write a notice for Parents teacher’s meeting.

    SUNRISE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
    Sector 12, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250004
    Notice
    Date: 21th January 2025

    Subject: Notice for Parents-Teachers Meeting

    Dear Parents,

    This is to inform you that a Parents-Teachers Meeting (PTM) will be held on 28th January 2025 (Monday) at 10:00 AM in the school auditorium. The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the academic progress and overall development of your child.

    We request the presence of all parents to attend this meeting and discuss their child’s performance, behavior, and future goals with the respective class teachers.

    Important Points:

    • Date: 28th January 2025
    • Time: 10:00 AM
    • Venue: School Auditorium
    • Purpose: To discuss the progress and development of students.

    Kindly make sure to attend the meeting as your involvement in your child’s education is crucial to their success.

    We look forward to your active participation.

    Thank you.
    Principal
    SUNRISE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
    (Signature)

  • Write a Leave extension Letter to School

    Writing a leave extension application to school principal format and samples are provided here.

    1. Write a leave extension letter to School.

    Neha Sharma
    Class 10th, Roll No. 25
    St. Joseph’s School
    3, Rajendra Nagar,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002
    neha.sharma@gmail.com
    9876543210
    Date: 13th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    St. Joseph’s School
    Rajendra Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250003

    Subject: Request for Leave Extension

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I, Neha Sharma, a student of Class 10th, Roll No. 25, am writing to inform you that I have been on medical leave since 15th January 2025 due to a severe fever and throat infection. I have been under treatment, and while I am recovering, my doctor has advised me to take some additional days of rest for a full recovery.

    As per the doctor’s advice, I am requesting an extension of my leave for 5 more days, from 25th January 2025 to 29th January 2025. I assure you that I will catch up on the missed lessons and assignments once I return to school.

    I kindly request you to grant me the leave extension and permit me to resume school after the recommended rest period. I am attaching the medical certificate from the doctor for your reference.

    Thank you for your understanding and consideration. I look forward to your kind approval.

    Yours sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    (Signature)

  • Format of Experience Letter for Teacher

    Writing samples and format for teacher’s experience certificate to the principal of school.

    Write an application letter for teacher’s Experience Certificate to the principal.

    Neha Verma
    123, Model Town,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001
    neha.verma@email.com
    9876543210
    Date: 21th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Sunrise International School
    Sector 12, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002

    Subject: Request for Teacher’s Experience Certificate

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I, Neha Verma, worked as a Mathematics Teacher at Sunrise International School, Meerut, from 1st July 2018 to 31st December 2024. I am writing to kindly request an Experience Certificate for the above-mentioned period of my employment.

    During my time at the school, I have had the privilege of teaching various grades and contributing to the overall academic growth of the students. I have always worked with dedication and enthusiasm to provide the best possible education and support to my students. As I am now applying for a new teaching position, I require an official certificate mentioning my employment duration, position, and the subjects I taught.

    I would greatly appreciate it if you could issue the Experience Certificate at your earliest convenience. Please let me know if any additional documents or formalities are needed from my side.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Neha Verma
    (Signature)

  • Write a Fees Concession Letter to principal of school and college format and sample

    Writing an application of fees concession to principal of school and college with format and samples.

    1. Write a Fees Concession letter to principal of the School.

    Ravi Kumar
    123, Shankar Nagar,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001
    ravikumar@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: 24th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    St. Mary’s School
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002

    Subject: Request for Concession in School Fees

    Respected Madam/Sir,

    I, Ravi Kumar, father of Riya Kumar, a student of Class 10th, Roll No. 25, am writing this letter to request a concession in the school fees for my daughter for the current academic year.

    Due to unforeseen financial constraints in our family, it has become quite difficult for us to afford the full payment of the school fees. I work as a middle-class employee, and my income has been significantly impacted in recent months. Therefore, I kindly request you to consider granting a reduction in the fees, or to provide any available concessions that would help alleviate this burden.

    I assure you that this request is made out of genuine necessity, and I am committed to ensuring my child continues her education without any interruption. I have attached the necessary documents regarding my financial situation for your reference.

    I would be grateful if you could kindly consider my request and grant a reduction in the school fees, allowing my daughter to continue her studies without any hindrance.

    Thank you for your time and understanding. I hope for a positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Kumar
    (Father of Riya Kumar)
    (Signature)

    2. Write a Application For fee Concession in College.

    Ravi Sharma
    Student, B.A. (History) 2nd Year
    Roll No: 10234
    Saraswati College
    1, Shankar Vihar,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001
    ravisharma@gmail.com
    9998765432
    Date: 14th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Saraswati College
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002

    Subject: Request for Fee Concession

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Ravi Sharma, a student of B.A. (History) 2nd Year, Roll No. 10234, at your esteemed institution. I am writing this letter to humbly request a concession in the college fees for the current academic year.

    Due to unforeseen financial difficulties in my family, I am facing challenges in paying the full amount of my tuition fees. My father is the sole breadwinner of the family, and recently, he has encountered some financial setbacks. As a result, it has become difficult for us to manage the entire fee payment for this semester.

    Given the circumstances, I kindly request you to consider granting a reduction in my tuition fees or to provide any available financial assistance or concession. I assure you that I am committed to my studies and will continue to maintain good academic performance.

    I have attached the necessary documents related to my financial situation, including my father’s income statement and any other documents required for your consideration.

    I would be deeply grateful if you could kindly consider my request and help me continue my education without any interruption.

    Thank you for your understanding and support. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Sharma
    (Signature)

  • Application of BSNL Disconnection of landline and broadband Letter Format and sample

    Writing a application request for disconnection of landline and broadband. Here Format and samples are provided below.

    1. Write a letter for BSNL Landline Disconnection.

    Ravi Verma
    123, Sector 5,
    Dwarka, New Delhi – 110075
    ravi.verma@email.com
    +91-9876543210
    Date: 14th January 2025

    To,
    The BSNL Officer
    BSNL Customer Service Department
    Main Branch
    Delhi, UttarPardesh

    Subject: Request for Disconnection of BSNL Landline Service

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Ravi Verma, residing at 123, Sector 5, Dwarka, New Delhi – 110075, hold a BSNL landline connection with the following details:

    • Account Number: 123-456-789
    • Landline Number: 011-25987654
    • Address: 123, Sector 5, Dwarka, New Delhi – 110075

    I would like to request the disconnection of my BSNL landline service due to personal reasons. Kindly process my request and confirm the disconnection at the earliest.

    Please find the necessary documents for verification:

    1. Copy of the landline bill
    2. Address proof (Aadhaar Card)
    3. Identity proof (Aadhaar Card)

    I would appreciate it if you could confirm the date of disconnection and provide any final instructions or settlement details.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Verma
    (Signature)

    2. Write a letter for Disconnection of Broadband.

    Amit Sharma
    456, Rani Bagh,
    Pitampura, Meerut
    amit.sharma@gmail.com
    9998765432
    Date: 15th January 2025

    To,
    The Customer Service Manager
    [ISP Name]
    [City/Branch Name]
    [City, State, PIN Code]

    Subject: Request for Disconnection of Broadband Service

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Amit Sharma, residing at 456, Rani Bagh, Pitampura, Meerut, am writing to request the disconnection of my broadband service. Below are the details of my broadband account:

    • Account Number: 987654321
    • Broadband Number: 011-65782340
    • Service Type: [Type of Broadband Plan]
    • Address: 456, Rani Bagh, Pitampura, New Delhi – 110034

    Due to personal reasons, I no longer require the broadband service. Kindly initiate the disconnection process and confirm the disconnection date at the earliest. Please also provide me with the final bill and any outstanding dues, if applicable.

    Enclosed, I am attaching the following documents for your reference:

    1. Copy of the last broadband bill
    2. Address Proof (Aadhaar Card)
    3. Identity Proof (Aadhaar Card)

    I would appreciate your prompt assistance in processing my request.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Amit Sharma
    (Signature)

  • PAN Card Cancellation Request Letter Format with Samples

    Writing a application for the surrender of PAN card by individuals, firms and partnership firms to the Income Tax Officer. Format and samples are provided below.

    1. Write a Surrender PAN card letter format for Individuals.

    Ravi Kumar
    123, Shankar Vihar,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001
    ravikumar@gmail.com
    9876543210
    Date: 17th January 2025

    To,
    The Income Tax Officer
    Income Tax Department
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002

    Subject: Application for Surrender of PAN Card

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Ravi Kumar, son of Vinod Kumar, residing at 123, Shankar Vihar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001, wish to surrender my PAN card as I have been allotted multiple PANs. I would like to retain only one PAN and surrender the additional one to avoid any inconvenience in the future.

    Below are the details of my PANs:

    • PAN to be retained: AAAPK1234Z
    • PAN to be surrendered: AABPK5678T

    I request you to kindly process my application for the surrender of the additional PAN and update the records accordingly.

    Please find enclosed the following documents for your reference:

    1. Copy of PAN card to be retained
    2. Copy of PAN card to be surrendered
    3. Address proof (Aadhaar Card)
    4. Identity proof (Passport)

    I hope you will take the necessary steps at the earliest. Kindly acknowledge receipt of this application.

    Thank you for your assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Kumar
    (Signature)

    2. Write a PAN card surrender letter format for firms.

    XYZ Traders Pvt. Ltd.
    123, A-Block, Connaught Place,
    New Delhi – 110001
    xyztraders@gmail.com
    9876543210
    Date: 14th January 2025

    To,
    The Income Tax Officer
    Income Tax Department
    New Delhi – 110002

    Subject: Application for Surrender of PAN Card

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    We, XYZ Traders Pvt. Ltd., a private limited company registered under the Companies Act, 1956, having our office at 123, A-Block, Connaught Place, New Delhi – 110001, are writing to request the surrender of the PAN card allotted to us under the details mentioned below:

    • Firm Name: XYZ Traders Pvt. Ltd.
    • PAN to be retained: AABCX1234R
    • PAN to be surrendered: AABCX5678T
    • Firm Registration Number: U72200DL2008PTC182345

    We request you to kindly process our application for the surrender of the additional PAN and update the records accordingly. We assure you that all tax-related filings and dues will continue under the PAN that we wish to retain.

    Enclosed, please find the following documents for your reference:

    1. Copy of PAN card to be retained
    2. Copy of PAN card to be surrendered
    3. Firm’s Registration Certificate
    4. Address Proof (Utility Bill)
    5. Identity Proof (Authorized Signatory’s Aadhar Card)

    We hope for your prompt action on the same and look forward to your acknowledgment of this application.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rajesh Kumar
    Director
    XYZ Traders Pvt. Ltd.
    (Signature)

    3. Write a Sample letter for surrender of Pan card of Partnership firm.

    ABC Traders
    10, Moti Nagar,
    Prayagraj – 110015
    abctraders@gmail.com
    9812345678
    Date: 14th January 2025

    To,
    The Income Tax Officer
    Income Tax Department
    New Delhi – 110002

    Subject: Application for Surrender of PAN Card

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    We, ABC Traders, a partnership firm registered under the Partnership Act, 1932, having our office at 10, Moti Nagar, New Delhi – 110015, are writing to request the surrender of the PAN card allotted to us under the details mentioned below:

    • Firm Name: ABC Traders
    • PAN to be retained: AABCX1234Q
    • PAN to be surrendered: AABCX5678T
    • Partnership Firm Registration Number: 12345678

    We request you to kindly process our application for the surrender of the additional PAN and update the records accordingly. All tax-related filings and dues will continue under the PAN that we wish to retain.

    Please find enclosed the following documents for your reference:

    1. Copy of PAN card to be retained
    2. Copy of PAN card to be surrendered
    3. Partnership Deed
    4. Address Proof (Electricity Bill)
    5. Identity Proof (Authorized Signatory’s Aadhar Card)

    We hope for your prompt action and look forward to your acknowledgment of this application.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ramesh Kumar
    Partner
    ABC Traders
    (Signature)

  • Declaration Letter for Sending a Courier Format and Samples

    Writing a declaration letter for sending marketing materials is provided below. Format and sample has been provided.

    Write a Declaration letter for sending marketing Materials.

    Priya Verma
    Marketing Manager
    ABC Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.
    1234 Business Park, Sector 5
    New Delhi – 110001
    priya.verma@abcenterprises.com
    9876543210
    Date: 15th January 2025

    To Whom It May Concern,

    Subject: Declaration for Sending Marketing Materials

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Priya Verma, in the capacity of Marketing Manager at ABC Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., hereby declare that the enclosed marketing materials (brochures, pamphlets, flyers, catalogs, etc.) are being sent to XYZ Distributors Pvt. Ltd. for the purpose of promotional and informational use only.

    These materials are intended to showcase our company’s products and services, providing useful information to the recipient. No personal or sensitive data is included, and all content adheres to the relevant legal and ethical guidelines for marketing communications.

    We ensure that these materials are free from misleading or false information, and they are meant to support informed decision-making regarding our offerings. Should there be any questions or clarifications required, please feel free to contact me directly.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Verma
    Marketing Manager
    ABC Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.

  • Requesting NOC Letter for Bank loan Format and sample

    Writing a application request letter for NOC from bank on personal loan and simple loan. Here we have provided sample and format.

    1.Write a Request letter for NOC from Bank.

    Ritika Sharma
    House No. 12, Shanti Vihar
    Hapour Road, Meerut – 800001
    ritikasharma123@gmail.com
    9876543210
    Date: 19 January 2025

    The Branch Manager
    HDFC Bank
    Kankarbagh Branch
    Meerut – 800020

    Subject: Request for No Objection Certificate (NOC) for Loan

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request the issuance of a No Objection Certificate (NOC) for the loan account held with your bank. Below are the details of the loan:

    • Loan Account Number: 45678912345
    • Loan Type: Personal Loan
    • Loan Amount: ₹ 2,50,000
    • Date of Loan Sanction: 10th February 2022

    I have successfully repaid the loan in full, and all the necessary dues have been cleared. I kindly request you to issue the NOC for my loan account as a confirmation that the loan has been fully settled and that the bank has no further claim.

    I would be grateful if you could process my request at the earliest and provide me with the NOC for my records.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ritika Sharma

    2. Write a NOC letter for loan from Bank.

    HDFC Bank
    Kankarbagh Branch
    Karol Bagh, Delhi
    Date: 18 January 2025

    To Whom It May Concern,

    Subject: No Objection Certificate (NOC) for Loan Closure

    This is to certify that Mr. Ravi Kumar, residing at House No. 14, Rajendra Nagar, Karol Bagh, Delhi, has availed a Personal Loan from HDFC Bank with the following details:

    • Loan Account Number: 45678965432
    • Loan Amount: ₹ 3,00,000
    • Date of Loan Sanction: 15th March 2020
    • Date of Loan Closure: 18th January 2025

    We confirm that Mr. Ravi Kumar has successfully repaid the loan in full, along with all the applicable interest and charges. As of the loan closure date, there are no outstanding dues against the said loan account.

    The bank has no further claims on the loan account, and this NOC is being issued upon the request of the borrower for their records.

    Thank you for banking with HDFC Bank.

    Yours sincerely,
    [Authorized Signatory Name]
    Branch Manager
    HDFC Bank, Kankarbagh Branch
    (Official Seal & Signature)

  • Application of Request for School Admission Sample and formats

    Here we are writing a request application for admission in school by parents to principal. Sample and format are given below.

    Write a Request application for Admission in School by Parents.

    Rajesh Sharma
    45, Park Street
    New Delhi, Delhi, 110001
    9876543210
    rajsharma@email.com
    23rd January 2025

    The Principal
    St. Xavier’s School
    Sector 12, Dwarka
    New Delhi, Delhi, 110075

    Subject: Request for Admission of My Child in Class 5

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Rajesh Sharma, parent of Aryan Sharma, would like to request the admission of my child into your esteemed school in Class 5. We have heard about the excellent academic environment and extracurricular opportunities that your school provides, and we believe that it would be an ideal institution for the overall development of our child.

    Aryan Sharma is 9 years old and has successfully completed Class 4 from ABC International School. We are confident that the nurturing environment at your school will help him excel both academically and personally.

    Please provide us with information regarding the admission process and any further requirements. We are eager to proceed with the admission and look forward to your positive response.

    Thank you for considering our request.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rajesh Sharma
    [Signature]

  • Write an Application for Room allotment application for Hostel Accommodation Format and samples

    An application requesting Hostel Accommodation to warden by students is provided here.

    Sadiya Choudhary
    House 7, Shive temple street
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh
    1225635263
    Sadiya.choudhary@gmail.com

    Date: 12-January-2025

    To,
    The Warden
    Shree Ram Hostel
    Meerut University
    Hapur Road,
    Meerut. Uttar Pradesh

    Subject: Application for Hostel Room Allotment

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Sadiya Choudhary, a second-year student of B.A in the Computer Science at Meerut University, I am writing to request allotment of a room in the Shree Ram Hostel for the current academic session 2025-2026.

    I have recently been admitted to the college, and I am in need of hostel accommodation as I do not reside locally. I kindly request you to consider my application and allot me a room at the earliest.

    I assure you that I will abide by all the rules and regulations of the hostel. Please let me know if any further documents or formalities are required for the allotment process.

    Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Sadiya Choudhary
    B.A, Second year
    Roll No. 23

  • Write an Application requesting for Going home from hostel Format and samples

    How to write a letter to warden requesting for going home from hostel by parents. Its format and samples are provided here.

    Write a leave application for hostel warden by Parents.

    Rajesh Kumar
    D-12, Shastri Nagar
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: rajeshkumar@gmail.com

    Date: 22/01/2025

    To,
    The Warden
    Shree Ram Hostel
    Meerut University
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001

    Subject: Leave Application for My Daughter, Rakhi Kumar

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Rajesh Kumar, father of Rakhi Kumar, a second-year student of B.A. in Computer Science at Meerut University, am writing to request a leave of absence for my daughter from the hostel from 27/01/2025 to 31/01/2025.

    Due to a family wedding, it is necessary for her to be at home during this period. We request you to kindly grant her leave and allow her to stay at home during this time.

    We assure you that she will return to the hostel as soon as the leave period is over and resume her regular attendance.

    Please let us know if any further formalities are required to process this request.

    Thank you for your understanding and consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rajesh Kumar
    Father of Sadiya Choudhary
    Phone: 9876543210

  • Application requesting Student Transfer Letter to Another School Format and samples

    How to write (format) letter to the principal requesting transfer letter to another school. Its format and samples are provided here.

    Write a Transfer letter to change school.

    Amit Sharma
    D-23, Green Park
    New Delhi – 110016
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: amitsharma@gmail.com

    Date: 23/01/2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Sunrise Public School
    Karol Bagh
    New Delhi – 110005

    Subject: Request for Transfer Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Amit Sharma, father of Riya Sharma, a student of class 10th A at your esteemed school, am writing to request a transfer certificate for my child.

    Due to change of address, we will be relocating to another city, and thus, it will not be feasible for my child to continue her studies at your school.

    I kindly request you to issue the transfer certificate at the earliest so that my child can continue her education without any interruptions.

    Please let me know if any formalities or additional documentation is required to complete this process.

    I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude for the excellent education and support provided by the school.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Amit Sharma
    [Student’s Name]’s Father
    Phone: 9876543210

  • Requesting a Study Certificate letter from college and school Format and samples

    How to write an application requesting study certificate from college and school. Here we have provided their format and sample.

    1. Write a Sample application for college study certificate.

    Rajesh Kumar
    456, Green Park,
    Delhi – 110001
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: rajesh.kumar@gmail.com

    Date: January 23, 2025

    To,
    The Principal,
    Silverbrook College of Engineering
    123 Innovation Lane,
    Delhi

    Subject: Application for College Study Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am Rajesh Kumar, a former student of your college, having completed my Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science in 2023 from the Department of Computer Science. I am writing to kindly request the issuance of a College Study Certificate for my academic records.

    The certificate is required for my higher studies application at a university abroad, and I would be grateful if you could process this request at the earliest. I have attached a copy of my enrollment ID (No. 12345) and my academic transcripts for your reference.

    I kindly request you to issue the certificate and let me know if there are any formalities I need to complete.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your kind assistance in this matter.

    Sincerely,
    Rajesh Kumar
    Enrollment Number: 12345

    2. Write a Sample letter for study certificate to the headmaster of School.

    Priya Sharma
    45, Sunrise Road,
    Lucknow – 226010
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: priya.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: January 20, 2025

    To,
    The Headmaster,
    Springdale School
    12, Sector 5,
    Lucknow – 226010

    Subject: Application for Study Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am Priya Sharma, a former student of your school, having completed my Class 12 in 2023 from the Science stream. I am writing to kindly request the issuance of a Study Certificate for my academic records.

    The certificate is required for my college admission process, and I would be grateful if you could process this request at the earliest. I have attached a copy of my school ID card and my mark sheet for your reference.

    I kindly request you to issue the study certificate and inform me of any formalities or fees involved.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your kind assistance in this matter.

    Sincerely,
    Priya Sharma
    Roll Number: 12345

  • Writing an Application to Block ATM card Format and samples

    Here we have provided application written to bank manager to block ATM card due to loss of ATM. Here formats and samples are provided here.

    1. Write a letter to Bank manager for Block your ATM card.

    Meena Sharma
    12, Green Park Avenue
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010
    meenasharma123@gmail.com
    9876543210
    13 January 2025

    The Branch Manager
    State Bank of India
    Hazratganj Branch
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001

    Subject: Request for ATM Card Blockage

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to request the immediate blockage of my ATM card due to its loss. Below are the details of my account and card for your reference:

    • Account Holder Name: Meena Sharma
    • Account Number: 123456789012
    • ATM Card Number: 5678
    • Branch: Hazratganj

    I would appreciate it if you could take swift action to prevent any unauthorized transactions on my account. Kindly confirm the blockage of the card and issue me a replacement at the earliest.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

    Yours faithfully,
    Meena Sharma

    2. Write a Template application for block ATM card.

    Ravi Kumar
    56, Rose Garden Colony
    Karol Bagh, Delhi 800001
    ravikumar456@gmail.com
    9876543210
    19 January 2025

    The Branch Manager
    Punjab National Bank
    Gandhi Maidan Branch
    Chandni Chowk, Delhi 800001

    Subject: Request for ATM Card Blockage

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to inform you that I have lost my ATM card linked to my account. I kindly request you to block my card to prevent any unauthorized transactions. Below are my account and card details:

    • Account Holder Name: Ravi Kumar
    • Account Number: 987654321012
    • ATM Card Number: 1234
    • Branch Name: Gandhi Maidan Branch

    I request you to take immediate action to block the card. Kindly confirm the blockage and provide a new card at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your prompt assistance.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ravi Kumar

  • How to write application letter for Admission in college and school

    Samples and formats to write application request for admission in college and school is provided below.

    1. Write a sample application letter for college for admission.

    Falak Choudhary
    House 8, Street no. 12
    Meerut, UttaraPardesh,
    1254632541
    Falak.choudhary@gmail.com

    Date: 12-January-2025

    To,
    The Principal,
    S.D Global
    456 Maple Street
    Karol Bagh, Delhi

    Subject: Application for Admission to B.E (Bachelor of Engineering)

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to apply for admission to the B.E (Bachelor of Engineering) at your esteemed college for the 2025. I have recently completed my 12th grade from M.S.V.M School, and I am keen to pursue my further studies in Computer Science.

    I am particularly drawn to your college because of its excellent reputation, academic facilities, and the quality of education it provides. I believe that enrolling in your college will provide me with the necessary knowledge and skills to build a successful career in Computer Science Engineering.

    Attached to this application are my academic transcripts, recommendation letters, and other required documents. I kindly request you to consider my application for admission. I am confident that I will be able to contribute to the college’s academic environment and am eager to make the most of the opportunities your institution offers.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to the opportunity of studying at your prestigious college.

    Sincerely,
    Falak Choudhary

    2. Write a Sample of application for taking Admission in School.

    Deepali
    House 4, High Street
    Meerut, UttarPardesh
    4152634562
    Deepali@gmail.com

    Date: 03-January-2025

    To,
    The Principal,
    Silverbrook College of Engineering
    123 Innovation Lane
    Silverbrook , Meerut

    Subject: Application for Admission

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to apply for admission to your esteemed school for the 11th Grade for the 2025. I have recently completed my previous education from 10th Grade and am keen to pursue my studies at your institution.

    I have heard a lot about the excellent academic facilities and the overall learning environment at your school. I am confident that your school will provide me with the right platform to enhance my skills and knowledge.

    I kindly request you to consider my application for admission. I have attached all the necessary documents, including my previous academic records, birth certificate, and other required forms.

    I look forward to your positive response and the opportunity to be a part of your school.

    Thank you for your time and consideration.

    Sincerely,
    Deepali


  • How to write Demand Draft DD cancellation letter Sample and format

    Here we have given sample application for cancellation of demand draft. Sample and format has been provided here.

    1. Write a Sample application for cancellation of demand draft of bank.

    John Doe
    123, Green Lane
    New York, NY 10001
    +1 234 567 890
    johndoe@example.com

    27 January, 2025

    The Branch Manager
    ABC Bank
    Main Street Branch
    New York, NY 10001

    Subject: Request for Demand Draft (DD) Cancellation

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, John Doe, having a bank account with your branch (Account Number: 987654321), would like to request the cancellation of a Demand Draft (DD) issued by your bank.

    The details of the Demand Draft are as follows:

    • DD Number: 123456
    • Amount: $500
    • Date of Issue: January 25, 2025
    • Payee Name: Sarah Williams

    The DD has not been encashed yet, and I would like to cancel it due to the fact that I no longer require it. I hereby request you to cancel the above-mentioned Demand Draft and refund the amount to my account.

    Please let me know if any further formalities are required to process this request. I am attaching a copy of the DD for your reference.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. I look forward to your confirmation.

    Yours faithfully,
    John Doe
    (Signature)

  • How to write Application for TC Transfer Certificate by Parents to school format and samples

    Application is written the school to provide transfer certificate due to relocation and other issues. Samples and Format are provided here.

    1. Write a letter for Transfer Certificate from School-Due to Relocation.

    The Principal,
    St. Mary’s Convent School,
    Mawana Road,
    Near Ganga Canal,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001,
    India

    Date: 4th January 2025

    Subject: Request for Transfer Certificate due to Relocation

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request the issuance of a Transfer Certificate (TC) for my child, Swati, who has been a student at your esteemed institution in 11th Class. Due to our family’s relocation to Delhi, we are unable to continue his/her education at your school.

    Swati Pal has been a part of the school since 22 March 2023, and during this time, we have been very pleased with the quality of education and care provided. Unfortunately, as we are now moving to Delhi, it will not be feasible for Swati Pal to continue attending your school.

    We kindly request you to issue the Transfer Certificate at your earliest convenience so that we may complete the necessary formalities for transferring Swati Pal to a new school. We would appreciate it if you could also provide a detailed statement of the school fees and any other relevant documents to ensure a smooth transition.

    I would like to thank you and the entire staff for the support and guidance provided to Swati Pal during her time at the school. We will always be grateful for the nurturing environment your school has provided.

    Thank you for your understanding and assistance in this matter. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours faithfully,
    Sandesh Kumar
    Class 9
    Roll No: 23

    2. Write a Application letter for TC by parents for changing school Due to Job Transfer.

    To
    The Principal,
    Delhi Public School
    Sector 3, Vasant Kunj,
    New Delhi – 110070,
    India

    Date: 10th January 2025

    Subject: Application for Transfer Certificate due to Job Transfer

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Mr. Rajesh Dhiman, the father of Ankit Dhiman, a student of class 9 at your esteemed institution. I am writing to inform you that due to my recent job transfer to a different city, it has become necessary for us to relocate. As a result, we regretfully request a Transfer Certificate (TC) for my son so that he can join a school near our new residence.

    The relocation is unavoidable due to my job requirements, and this move will make it difficult for my son to continue his education at your school. Therefore, we kindly request you to issue the Transfer Certificate at your earliest convenience, so that my son can continue his education smoothly in the new city.

    We would like to express our sincere gratitude for the support and quality education provided by your school during his time here. We hope to remain in touch and wish the school continued success in the future.

    Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Mr. Rajesh Dhiman
    Father of Ankit Dhiman
    Contact No: 9632548523

    3. How to write a TC letter for School after 10th grade.

    To
    The Principal,
    Saraswati Vidya Mandir Inter College
    Shiv Chowk, Civil Lines South,
    Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh – 251001,
    India

    Date: 12- January-2025

    Subject: Application for Transfer Certificate after Completion of 10th Grade

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Azeem, a student of class 10th at your esteemed school. I am writing this letter to formally request the issuance of a Transfer Certificate (TC) as I have successfully completed my 10th grade from your institution and now need the certificate for my admission to the next level of education in another school/college.

    I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the knowledge and guidance I have received during my time at this school. The faculty, facilities, and environment have contributed greatly to my growth, both academically and personally.

    Kindly issue the Transfer Certificate and any other necessary documents at your earliest convenience, so that I can proceed with my admission process smoothly.

    Thank you for your support and consideration.

    Yours faithfully,
    Azeem
    Class: 10th
    Roll No: 45
    Contact No: 8593324854

  • How to write Foreclosure letter for Home loan from single account and joint account Samples and formats

    How to write a foreclosure letter for Home loan from single account and joint account sample and formats are provided here.

    1. Write a foreclosure letter for Home loan.

    Anjali Sharma
    12 Green Meadows, Block B
    Civil Lines, Prayagraj 800001
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: anjali.sharma@gmail.com

    Date: January 21, 2025

    To
    The Branch Manager
    State Bank of India
    Boring Road Branch
    Naini, Prayagraj 800002

    Subject: Request for Foreclosure of Home Loan

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request the foreclosure of my home loan with State Bank of India, which was taken for the property located at 12 Green Meadows, Block B, Civil Lines, Prayagraj.

    Here are the loan details for your reference:

    • Loan Account Number: 765432109876
    • Date of Loan Disbursement: January 10, 2022
    • Loan Amount: ₹15,00,000
    • Outstanding Loan Balance: ₹5,20,000
    • Name: Anjali Sharma
    • Contact Information: 9876543210 / anjali.sharma@email.com

    I have successfully arranged the required funds and would like to clear the outstanding balance in full. Please let me know the total amount due for closure, including any applicable fees or charges. I request you to process this foreclosure at your earliest convenience and provide me with a formal statement confirming the closure of my loan.

    Please advise on the procedure for payment and the final documentation required to complete this process.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this request. I look forward to your confirmation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Anjali Sharma

    2. Write a Home loan Foreclosure letter for joint account.

    Neha Sharma
    123, Green Avenue,
    Delhi – 110001
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: neha.sharma@email.com

    Date: January 23, 2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager,
    HDFC Bank
    Connaught Place Branch
    Delhi – 110001

    Subject: Request for Home Loan Foreclosure (Joint Account)

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I, Neha Sharma, along with my co-borrower Rajeev Sharma, holding a joint home loan account under the account number HDFC-1234567890, would like to request the foreclosure of the loan as per the terms and conditions of the loan agreement.

    We have made all the necessary payments to clear the outstanding dues and wish to close the loan. Kindly provide us with the required details regarding the outstanding amount, including any prepayment penalties, if applicable. We request you to initiate the foreclosure process at your earliest convenience.

    Please let us know the steps to complete this process, including the submission of any required documents and the payment of any outstanding charges. We would appreciate it if you could provide us with a No Dues Certificate upon successful closure of the loan.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. We look forward to your cooperation and assistance in completing the foreclosure process.

    Sincerely,

    Neha Sharma
    Rajeev Sharma

  • Writing a Application For Full fee Concession in School Format and samples

    Here we have presented samples and format for writing of application for full fee concession in school due to different reason like sole earner death, business loss and financial difficulties.

    1. Write a letter to your Principal for School.

    Abhinav Verma
    Class 12th, Section A
    Roll No. 24
    123, Main Street
    New Delhi, 110001
    Abhinav Verma@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 14 2025

    The Principal
    Sunshine High School
    147 Street, Dwarka
    New Delhi, 110001

    Subject: Request for Full Fee Concession

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am Abhinav Verma, a student of Class 12th, Section A in your esteemed institution. I am writing to humbly request a full fee concession for the current academic year due to my family’s financial difficulties.

    My father, Mr. Rajesh Verma, who is the sole breadwinner of our family, has recently faced financial setbacks due to a medical emergency that required costly treatments. Despite these circumstances, I am determined to continue my studies with full dedication and perform well in academics. However, my family is currently unable to pay the school fees.

    I kindly request you to consider my situation and grant me a full fee concession so that I can continue my education without any hindrance. I assure you that I will continue to work hard and contribute positively to the school community.

    I hope for your kind consideration and a favorable response.

    Thank you for your time and understanding.

    Yours sincerely,
    Abhinav Verma
    Class 12th, Section A
    Roll No. 24

    2. Write an Application to your Principal for full fee concession.

    To
    St. Mary’s Convent School
    Mawana Road,
    Near Ganga Canal,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001,
    India

    Date: 15th January 2025

    Subject: Application for Full Fees Concession

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am Sofiya a student of class 12 (Science), and I am writing to request a full fees concession for the current academic year.

    Due to unforeseen financial difficulties, my family is currently facing severe economic constraints. My father, Mr. Farman Choudhary, who is the sole earning member of our family, has recently lost his job due to the economic downturn, and my mother, Mrs. Farjana Choudhary, is a homemaker. This financial crisis has made it extremely difficult for us to meet the expenses of my education.

    I am a sincere and hardworking student, and I have consistently performed well in my studies. I have scored 98% in my last exams and am committed to continuing my academic journey with dedication and passion.

    Considering my current financial situation, I humbly request you to grant me a full fee concession for this academic year, which will allow me to continue my studies without any hindrance. I assure you that I will make the most of this opportunity and work hard to excel in my exams.

    I kindly request you to consider my application favorably and grant the fee concession. I will be grateful for your understanding and support in this challenging time.

    Thank you for your time and consideration.

    Yours faithfully,
    Sofiya
    Class 12 (Science)
    Roll No: 1452

    3. Write a Sample letter full fees concession Application for 9th Class.

    To
    The Principal,
    The Shri Ram School
    D-3, Street No. 4,
    Vasant Vihar,
    New Delhi – 110057,
    India

    Date: 9th January 2025

    Subject: Application for Full Fees Concession

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Iqra, a student of class 9 at your esteemed institution, and I am writing to request a full fees concession for the current academic year.

    Due to unforeseen financial difficulties in my family, it has become increasingly challenging for my parents to pay the school fees. My father is currently struggling with his business, and my mother is a homemaker. The recent financial hardships have made it extremely difficult for us to manage the costs associated with my education.

    I have always been a diligent student, and I take my studies very seriously. I have maintained good academic performance and strive to contribute positively to the school community. I am committed to continuing my education and ensuring that I perform well in my exams.

    Given my current financial situation, I kindly request you to grant me a full fee concession for this academic year. Your support will enable me to continue my education without interruption.

    I sincerely hope you will consider my application and provide the necessary help. I will be deeply grateful for your understanding and assistance.

    Thank you for your consideration.

    Yours faithfully,
    Iqra
    Class 9
    Roll No: 45

  • Writing a Acknowledgement for Assignment Format and Samples

    Here we have provided how to write acknowledgement for college assignment single , group assignments and school assignments. Format and Samples are provided here.

    1. Write a letter Acknowledgment for college assignment individual Assignments.

    I, Danish Choudhary, a student of B.Sc. Computer Science, Roll Number: 12345, at ABC College of Technology, would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and acknowledgment for the successful completion of my individual assignment on “Data Structures and Algorithms.”

    I would like to extend my special thanks to my professor, Dr. Ramesh Verma, for providing valuable guidance and support throughout the process. His insights and suggestions have been instrumental in helping me understand the topic in depth.

    Additionally, I would like to thank my peers for their constant encouragement and feedback during the preparation of the assignment.

    I am also grateful to the college library and the online database “IEEE Xplore” for making the necessary resources available to complete this assignment effectively.

    This assignment has allowed me to deepen my understanding of data structures, algorithm design, and their practical applications, and I am thankful for the opportunity to work on it.

    Yours sincerely,
    Danish Choudhary
    B.Sc. Computer Science
    Roll Number: 12345
    ABC College of Technology

    2. Write a letter Acknowledgment Sample for assignment – Group assignment.

    Acknowledgment

    We, the undersigned, students of B.A. (Hons) Economics, Section B, at S.D Group of College, would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude and acknowledgment for the successful completion of our group assignment on “The Impact of Globalization on Emerging Economies.”

    We would like to extend our special thanks to our professor, Dr. Neha Sharma, for her valuable guidance, constructive feedback, and constant support throughout the course of this assignment. Her expert advice was essential in helping us shape our research and analysis.

    We also wish to express our gratitude to the college library staff for their assistance in accessing relevant research materials and to our peers and mentors for their encouragement and feedback during group discussions.

    Lastly, we are grateful to each member of the group for their commitment and hard work, contributing to the timely completion of this project. The collaborative effort of all members—Ankit Dhiman, Riya Singh, Rahul Verma, and Aditi Mehta—helped make this project a success.

    This assignment provided us with an opportunity to deepen our understanding of globalization and its effects on emerging markets, and we are thankful for the opportunity to work as a team on this research.

    Group Members:
    Ankit Dhiman (Roll No. 101)
    Riya Singh (Roll No. 102)
    Rahul Verma (Roll No. 103)
    Aditi Mehta (Roll No. 104)
    B.A. (Hons) Economics, Section B
    S.D Groups of College

    3. Write a letter Acknowledgment for Assignment Example Individual School Assignment.

    Acknowledgment

    I, Ankit Dhiman, a student of Class 10, at St. Mary’s Convent School, would like to acknowledge and express my gratitude for the successful completion of my individual assignment on “The Role of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Development.”

    I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my subject teacher, Mr. Suresh Kumar, for his valuable guidance and support throughout the preparation of this assignment. His suggestions and constant encouragement greatly helped in shaping my understanding of the topic.

    I also wish to thank the school library and online resources for providing the necessary materials, without which this assignment would not have been completed effectively.

    Lastly, I am thankful to my parents for their continuous support and motivation during this assignment process.

    This assignment has greatly enhanced my knowledge of renewable energy and its role in sustainable development, and I am grateful for the opportunity to explore this important topic.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ankit Dhiman
    Class 10
    Roll No: 23
    St. Mary’s Convent School

  • Write a Application to the Banks manager to change your Mobile Number Format and samples

    Here we have provided How to write a application to the bank manager to change your Mobile Number in Bank account details.

    Write a Application to the Banks manager to change your Mobile Number in personal details

    To
    The Bank Manager,
    State Bank of India,
    Sector 15 Branch,
    Rohini, New Delhi – 110085

    Date: 14th January 2025

    Subject: Request for Changing Registered Mobile Number

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Ankit Dhiman, holding a savings account with your bank. My account number is 9876543210, and the mobile number currently registered with my account is 9876543210. Due to some personal reasons, I would like to update my mobile number in your records.

    I kindly request you to update my mobile number to 9998765432 and make the necessary changes in the bank’s system. Please let me know if any further documentation or verification is required to complete this request.

    I would be grateful if you could process this change at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your assistance and support.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ankit Dhiman
    Account Number: 9876543210
    Mobile Number: 9876543210
    New Mobile Number: 9998765432

  • Application requesting Consent of parents through Letter samples and formats

    Writing a consent letter format from parents to attend offline classes , to go on a school trip and to attend internship.

    1. Write a Consent letter format from parents to attend offline Classes.

    Bhaviya
    Haji Street, House no. 6
    New Delhi, 214001
    11-Jan-2025

    To
    The Principal
    M.S.V.M Public School
    Sarvath
    New Delhi, 214001

    Subject: Consent for My Child to Attend Offline Classes

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I Bhaviya the parent of Shivi a student of 9th in your school, hereby provide my consent for my child to attend offline classes as per the school’s new schedule.

    I understand the importance of in-person learning and I acknowledge the safety measures being implemented by the school to ensure a safe and conducive learning environment for all students. I am confident that my child will follow the safety protocols, including wearing a mask, maintaining social distancing, and adhering to the guidelines set by the school.

    I am fully aware of the current situation and have considered the risks involved. However, after careful evaluation, I believe that attending offline classes will benefit my child’s education, and I give my permission for the same.

    Please do not hesitate to contact me if any further information is required.

    Thank you for your attention and support.

    Yours sincerely,
    Bhaviya
    [Parent Signature]
    5263452632
    Bhaviya@gamial.com

    2. Write a letter Parental consent to go on a school trip.

    Savita
    89, Indira Street
    Alambagh , Meerut
    Uttar Pradesh
    12-Jan-2025

    The Principal
    Greenwood International School
    Gandhi nagar, Meerut

    Subject: Consent for School Trip

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I Savita the parent of Princy a student of 11th Class in your school, hereby give my consent for my child to participate in the school trip to Sunset Safari organized by the school.

    I understand that all safety measures will be followed, and my child will adhere to the rules and regulations set by the school for the trip. I am aware of the details of the trip, including the date, location, and other necessary information, and I am satisfied with the arrangements made by the school.

    I acknowledge that the school will take all necessary precautions during the trip, but I also understand that in case of any unforeseen circumstances, the school will not be held responsible. I trust that my child is fully capable of participating in this trip and will follow all instructions during the journey.

    Please consider this letter as my formal approval for my child to attend the trip. Should you require any additional information, feel free to contact me.

    Thank you for your attention and support.

    Yours sincerely,
    Savita
    [Parent Signature]
    4526352823

    3. Write a Consent letter to attend Internship.

    Sunita Gupta
    Street 103, Civil Lines,
    Hazratganj, Uttar Pradesh
    Sunita Gupta,@gmail.com
    2563854625
    02-Jan-2025

    The Manager
    XYZ Pvt. Ltd.
    1234, Tech Park, Sector 45
    Vasant Kunj Delhi, 122018

    Subject: Consent to Attend Internship

    Dear Kiran Kumar,

    I Azna am a student of Data Science at Yale University. I am writing to give my consent to attend the internship program offered by XYZ Pvt. Ltd scheduled from 12-Jan-2025 to 15-Jan-2025. I am excited about the opportunity to work with your team and enhance my practical knowledge in Data Science.

    I assure you that I will abide by all the terms and conditions of the internship program and will dedicate myself fully to learning and contributing to the company’s work. I understand the expectations and responsibilities that come with this opportunity, and I am committed to adhering to all guidelines set by the organization.

    I appreciate the opportunity to participate in this internship and look forward to gaining valuable experience under your guidance. Please let me know if any further documentation or formalities are required.

    Thank you for considering my request. I am eager to begin this journey and contribute effectively to your team.

    Yours sincerely,
    Azna
    Yale University
    Data Science

    4. Write a Consent letter to use the school Auditorium for Annual Day Practice.

    Zubariya Ansari
    12th Class Student
    Street 5
    Shamli Road, Muzaffarnagar
    10-Jan-2025

    To
    The Principal
    Bluebell High School
    Street 5
    Janasath, Muzaffarnagar

    Subject: Consent for Using the School Auditorium for Annual Day Practice

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to seek your permission to use the school auditorium for the practice sessions for the upcoming Annual Day event. The students have been preparing for the event, and we require the auditorium for rehearsals in the weeks leading up to the event.

    We would like to request permission to use the auditorium for practice on the following dates and times:

    • 15-Jan-m 2025 And time is 10:00 AM

    We assure you that the space will be used responsibly, and all necessary precautions will be taken to maintain cleanliness and order. We will also ensure that the practice sessions do not interfere with other school activities.

    We kindly request your consent to allow us to use the auditorium for this purpose. Your support in making the Annual Day event a success will be highly appreciated.

    Thank you for considering our request. We look forward to your approval.

    Yours sincerely,
    Zubariya Ansari
    12th Class Student
    5263452633

  • How to write Police Complaint letter Format and samples

    Writing a application to police for threatening and theft. Here we have provided you with samples and formats.

    1. Write a Sample Complaint letter to Police for Threatening.

    To
    The Station House Officer (SHO),
    Rohini Police Station,
    Sector 9, Rohini,
    New Delhi – 110085

    Date: 17th January 2025

    Subject: Complaint Regarding Threatening and Harassment

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Reena pal, a resident of H-14, Sector 7, Rohini, New Delhi, am writing to file a complaint regarding a series of threatening phone calls and messages I have received. I am being harassed by an individual, whose identity I believe to be Amit Kumar. The individual has been threatening me with violence and has used abusive language over the phone and in text messages.

    The threats have escalated over the past few days, and I fear for my safety. Below are the details of the incidents:

    • On 18th January 2025, I received a threatening call from 9876543210 where the individual said, “I will harm you if you don’t do as I say.”
    • On 19th January 2025, I received another text message from 9876543210 that stated, “You will regret crossing my path.”

    I request your immediate intervention in this matter as I am concerned for my personal safety and well-being. Kindly investigate the issue and take appropriate action against the individual involved. I have attached the copies of the messages and phone logs for your reference.

    I trust that you will take the necessary steps to ensure my protection and address this issue promptly.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter.

    Yours faithfully,
    Reena Pal
    H-14, Sector 7, Rohini, New Delhi
    Contact No: 9998765432

    2. Write a Report theft.

    To
    The Station House Officer (SHO),
    Shastri Nagar Police Station,
    Shastri Nagar,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002

    Date: 15th January 2025

    Subject: Report of Theft at Residential Premises

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Rahul Verma, a resident of C-12, Shastri Nagar, Meerut, wish to report a theft that took place at my residence on the night of 19th January 2025. The incident occurred between 10:30 PM and 5:00 AM, during which unknown individuals broke into my house and stole valuable items.

    Upon waking up the next morning, I discovered that the main door lock had been broken, and the following items were missing:

    • A gold necklace weighing 25 grams
    • Two gold rings weighing 10 grams each
    • A sum of ₹50,000 in cash
    • A Dell laptop (Model No. XPS 13)

    I immediately notified my neighbors, who confirmed that they did not witness any unusual activity during the night. I believe the culprits gained entry while my family and I were asleep and took advantage of the quiet residential area.

    I kindly request you to register my complaint and investigate the matter. I have also attached the photos of the stolen items and the broken lock for your reference. Please take prompt action to identify the individuals responsible and recover the stolen property.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your swift response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ankit Dhiman
    C-12, Shastri Nagar, Meerut
    Contact No: 9998765432

  • Office Leave Application for the Personal Work Format and samples

    Writing a application leave from office for personal work like eye checkup, child parent teacher meeting and renewal of driving license. Here are the basic samples and formats provided.

    1. Write a Leave request application for Personal Reasons Eye Checkup.

    To
    The Manager,
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.,
    Plot No. 25, Sector 10,
    Dwarka, New Delhi – 110075

    Date: 20th January 2025

    Subject: Leave Request for Eye Checkup

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Ravi Kumar, working as a Software Developer in the IT Department, am writing to request leave for 1 day on 21st January 2025 due to a personal appointment for an eye checkup. I have been experiencing some discomfort in my eyes, and my doctor has scheduled a thorough checkup to address the issue.

    I kindly request you to grant me leave for the mentioned day. I assure you that I will complete any pending work before my leave and ensure a smooth workflow in my absence.

    Thank you for your understanding and consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Kumar
    Software Developer
    IT Department
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

    2. Write a Leave application for personal work child’s parents teacher meeting.

    To
    The Manager,
    BrightTech Solutions Ltd.,
    Sector 25, Hapour Road
    Uttar Pradesh – 201301

    Date: 17th January 2025

    Subject: Leave Request for Attending Parent-Teacher Meeting

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Suman Tewari, working as a Senior Analyst in the Finance Department, am writing to request leave for half-day on 18 January 2025. I need to attend a parent-teacher meeting at my child’s school, Greenfield International School, which is scheduled for that day.

    I kindly request you to grant me leave for the aforementioned duration. I will ensure that my responsibilities are taken care of before leaving, and I will make up for any missed work upon my return.

    Thank you for your understanding and consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Suman Tewari
    Senior Analyst
    Finance Department
    BrightTech Solutions Ltd.

    3. Write a Personal leave application mail Renewal of Driving license.

    Subject: Leave Request for Renewal of Driving License

    Dear Mr. Sharma,

    I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to request 1 day of personal leave on 25th January 2025, as I need to renew my driving license. The renewal process requires my personal presence at the concerned office, and I would like to take the day off to complete this task.

    I will ensure that my work is up to date before taking leave and will be available in case of any urgent requirements.

    I kindly request you to grant me leave for the mentioned date.

    Thank you for your understanding and consideration.

    Best regards,
    Rahul Saini
    Senior Software Developer
    IT Department
    Tech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.

  • How to write New ATM Card Request Letter format from Bank Format and Samples

    Writing a request letters to bank for issuing of ATM card and missing of an ATM card. Here we have provided samples and Format.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    Canara Bank,
    Sector 15 Branch,
    Rohini, New Delhi – 110085

    Date: 14th January 2025

    Subject: Request for Issuance of New ATM Card

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to request the issuance of a new ATM card for my account. Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder’s Name: Sahil
    • Account Number: 123456789012
    • Branch: Sector 15, Rohini, New Delhi

    I recently lost my ATM card and am unable to access my account. I kindly request you to block the old card and issue a new one at your earliest convenience.

    Please let me know if any further documentation or formalities are required from my end to process this request.

    I would appreciate your prompt assistance in this matter.

    Thank you for your attention to this request.

    Yours faithfully,
    Sahil
    H-14, Sector 7, Rohini,
    New Delhi – 110085
    Contact No: 9998765432

    2. Write a letter to Bank manager for new ATM card.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    HDFC Bank,
    Sector 18 Branch,
    Noida, Uttar Pradesh – 201301

    Date: 15th January 2025

    Subject: Request for Issuance of New ATM Card

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to request the issuance of a new ATM card for my account. I have unfortunately lost my previous ATM card and am unable to access my account using the card. Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder’s Name: Rohit Sharma
    • Account Number: 987654321001
    • Branch: Sector 18, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh

    I kindly request you to block the lost card and issue a new one at your earliest convenience. I would appreciate your prompt assistance in this matter.

    If any further formalities or documents are required, please inform me, and I will provide them immediately.

    Thank you for your attention and support.

    Yours faithfully,
    Rohit Sharma
    D-32, Sector 18, Delhi
    Uttar Pradesh – 201301
    Contact No: 9998765432

    3. Write a ATM card missing letter to bank.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    Axis Bank,
    Connaught Place Branch,
    New Delhi – 110001

    Date: 12th January 2025

    Subject: Report of Missing ATM Card

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to report the missing of my ATM card. Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder’s Name: Shivi
    • Account Number: 112233445566
    • Branch: Connaught Place, New Delhi

    I noticed that my ATM card went missing on 10th January 2025. I have searched everywhere but have been unable to locate it. I suspect that it might have been misplaced while I was traveling.

    I kindly request you to block the lost card immediately to prevent any unauthorized transactions. I would also like to request the issuance of a new card for my account.

    Please let me know if any additional information or documents are required to process this request. I look forward to your prompt response and action.

    Yours faithfully,
    Shivi
    B-14, Connaught Place,
    New Delhi – 110001
    Contact No: 9998765432

  • How to write Loan Closure application Letter to bank manager Format and samples

    Writing a application letter for closing of personal loan, home loan and car loan. Here we have provided the formats and samples.

    1. Write a Personal loan closure letter format.

    Taher Ali
    A-45, Green Park Colony
    Delhi, UttarPardesh
    Taher Ali@gmail.com
    9876543210

    12th January 2025

    The Manager
    State Bank of India
    Rajpur Road Branch
    Meerut, UttarPardesh, 248001

    Subject: Request for Loan Closure

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Taher Ali, holding a personal loan account with your bank under the loan account number SBI/PL/2021/1234567, would like to formally request the closure of my loan. I have successfully repaid the total outstanding loan amount along with any applicable interest and charges, as confirmed by your records.

    Loan Details:

    • Loan Account Number: SBI/PL/2021/1234567
    • Loan Start Date: 15th February 2021
    • Amount: ₹5,00,000
    • Date of Full Payment: 10th January 2025

    I kindly request you to provide me with a loan closure certificate along with the No Objection Certificate (NOC) for my reference. I would also appreciate it if you could update the closure details in my credit report to ensure that it reflects the closure of this loan.

    Please feel free to contact me if any additional information is required from my side.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

    Yours faithfully,
    Taher Ali
    [Signature]

    2. Write a home loan closure letter.

    Home Loan Closure Letter Format

    Ravi Kumar
    A-45, Green Park Colony
    Prayagraj, UttarPardesh, 248001
    Rai.kumar@gmail.com
    9876543210

    14th January 2025

    The Manager
    HDFC Bank
    Rajpur Road Branch
    Delhi, UttarPardesh, 248001

    Subject: Request for Home Loan Closure

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Ravi Kumar, holding a home loan account with your bank under the loan account number HDFC/HL/2020/987654, would like to formally request the closure of my home loan. I have successfully repaid the total outstanding loan amount along with any applicable interest and charges, as confirmed by your records.

    Loan Details:

    • Loan Account Number: HDFC/HL/2020/987654
    • Loan Start Date: 15th March 2020
    • Loan Amount: ₹25,00,000
    • Date of Full Payment: 10th January 2025

    I kindly request you to provide me with a loan closure certificate along with the No Objection Certificate (NOC) for my reference. I would also appreciate it if you could update the closure details in my credit report to ensure that it reflects the closure of this loan.

    Please feel free to contact me if any additional information is required from my side.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ravi Kumar
    [Signature]

    3. Write a car loan closure letter.

    Tariq Ahmed
    B-12, Shakti Nagar
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010
    Tariq Ahmed@gmail.com
    9876543210

    17th January 2025

    The Manager
    HDFC Bank
    Hazratganj Branch
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010

    Subject: Request for Car Loan Closure

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Tariq Ahmed, holding a car loan account with your bank under the loan account number HDFC/CL/2022/654321, would like to formally request the closure of my car loan. I have successfully repaid the total outstanding loan amount along with any applicable interest and charges, as confirmed by your records.

    Loan Details:

    • Loan Account Number: HDFC/CL/2022/654321
    • Loan Start Date: 10th January 2022
    • Loan Amount: ₹8,00,000
    • Date of Full Payment: 15th January 2025

    I kindly request you to provide me with a loan closure certificate along with the No Objection Certificate (NOC) for my reference. I would also appreciate it if you could update the closure details in my credit report to ensure that it reflects the closure of this loan.

    Please feel free to contact me if any additional information is required from my side.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ravi Kumar
    [Signature]

  • How to write application for Permission from Parents to School Format and samples

    Writing a permission letter from parents to go on a school trip and to participate in school annual function. Here we are providing its samples and formats.

    1. Write a Permission letter from Parents to go on a School trip.

    Permission Letter for School Trip

    Date: 15th January 2025

    To
    The Class Teacher
    Greenwood International School
    Sector 12, Vasant Vihar
    Meerut, UttarPardesh, 248001

    Subject: Permission for Aarav Sharma to Attend the School Trip

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Neha Sharma, am the parent of Aarav Sharma, a student of Class 5A in your school. I am writing to grant permission for my child to attend the upcoming school trip to Mussoorie on 25th January 2025.

    I understand that the trip will provide my child with a valuable learning experience, and I give my full consent for my child to participate. I also acknowledge that the school has taken all necessary safety precautions for the trip, and I trust the school staff will ensure my child’s well-being during the event.

    Please feel free to contact me if you need any further information. I am looking forward to your confirmation.

    Thank you for organizing this enriching experience for the students.

    Yours sincerely,
    Neha Sharma
    9876543210
    [Signature]

    2. Write a Permission letter to Principal from parents.

    Permission Letter to Principal from Parents

    Date: 16th January 2025

    To
    The Principal
    St. Mary’s High School
    Shankar Vihar, Sector 10
    Faridabad, Delhi, 121001

    Subject: Permission for Rahul Verma to Participate in School Annual Day Event

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Sunita Verma, am the parent of Rahul Verma, a student of Class 7B in your school. I am writing to request your permission for my child to participate in the upcoming School Annual Day Event scheduled for 28th January 2025.

    I understand that this event will provide my child with an excellent opportunity to showcase his talents and engage in school activities, and I give my full consent for my child to take part in it. I assure you that Rahul will adhere to all the guidelines and safety measures set by the school.

    Please let me know if any further information or forms are required from my side.

    Thank you for your understanding and support.

    Yours sincerely,
    Sunita Verma
    9876543210
    [Signature]

  • How to write an Application of late Fee Format and sample

    Writing an application of late fee due to financial problems or due to pandemic. Here we have provided their samples and format.

    1. Write a application late fee submission for due to financial problems.

    Application for Late Fee Submission Due to Financial Problems

    Date: 18th January 2025

    To
    The Principal
    Greenwood International School
    Sector 12, Vasant Vihar
    Prayagraj, UttarPardesh, 248001

    Subject: Request for Late Fee Submission Due to Financial Problems

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Neha Sharma, the parent of Aarav Sharma, a student of Class 5A in your school. I am writing to request your kind consideration and permission to submit the school fee after the due date, as we are currently facing financial difficulties due to unexpected medical expenses in the family.

    I understand the importance of adhering to the fee deadlines and sincerely apologize for the delay. I assure you that the payment will be made as soon as we are able to resolve our current financial situation. I kindly request that you waive any late fee charges, considering the circumstances.

    I humbly request you to allow me some time to submit the fee and appreciate your understanding and support in this matter.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours faithfully,
    Neha Sharma
    9876543210
    [Signature]

    2. Write a Sample Application for fees delay.

    Date: 10th January 2025

    To
    The Principal
    Sunrise Academy
    Rajpur Road, Karol Bagh
    UttarPardesh, 248001

    Subject: Request for Delay in Fee Payment

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Ramesh Kumar, the parent of Priya Kumar, a student of Class 8B in your school, am writing to inform you that due to unforeseen financial constraints, I am unable to pay the school fee by the due date. I kindly request an extension for the fee payment.

    I understand the importance of timely fee submission and sincerely apologize for the delay. The delay is due to some urgent personal financial obligations, and I assure you that the fee will be cleared at the earliest, by 15th January 2025.

    I humbly request that you kindly grant me an extension and waive any late fee charges, considering my situation.

    Thank you for your understanding. I appreciate your consideration of this matter.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ramesh Kumar
    2541859142
    [Signature ]

    3. Write a Sample Application for late fees due to low income during the Pandemic.

    Date: 19th January 2025

    To
    The Principal
    ABC School
    Main Road, Sector 5
    New Delhi, 110001

    Subject: Request for Late Fee Submission Due to Low Income During the Pandemic

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Rajesh Kumar, the father of Aarav Kumar, a student of Class 10 in your esteemed school. I am writing this letter to request your understanding and permission for the delayed submission of my child’s school fees for the current academic year.

    Due to the financial challenges faced during the ongoing pandemic, our family’s income has significantly reduced, making it difficult for us to meet the fee payment deadline. Despite our best efforts to manage, we are currently facing a temporary financial crunch. I assure you that this situation is temporary, and I will be able to clear the outstanding fees as soon as possible.

    I humbly request you to grant an extension of [mention the period, e.g., one week, ten days] to submit the fee and, if possible, to kindly waive any late payment charges, considering the financial hardship caused by the pandemic.

    I sincerely apologize for the delay and hope for your understanding and support. I assure you that my child will continue to be diligent in studies and will not be affected by this matter.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I am looking forward to your positive response.

    Yours faithfully,
    Rajesh Kumar
    9876543210
    [Signature]

  • How to write Application for Permission for leave from Principal Format and samples

    Writing a application for leave, permission from principal and conducting a event in school format and samples.

    1. Write a Sample request letter for permission for 10 days leave.

    Vivek Singh
    Software Developer
    IT Department
    XYZ Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
    56, Blue Moon Complex
    Sector 15, Brahmapuri, Meerut – 122001
    Vivek.singh@gmail.com
    9998765432

    Date: 13/01/2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    XYZ Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
    Dwarka, Delhi – 122002

    Subject: Request for 10 Days Leave

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to formally request permission for a leave of absence from 01/02/2025 to 10/02/2025 for a total of 10 days. The reason for my leave request is personal reasons.

    I assure you that I will complete all pending tasks before my leave and will hand over my responsibilities to my colleague, Priya Sharma, for continuity. I will also be available in case of any urgent matters that require my attention during this period.

    I kindly request your approval for the leave. I would greatly appreciate your understanding and cooperation.

    Thank you for considering my request.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Kumar
    Software Developer
    XYZ Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

    2. Write a Permission letter for Principal from Parents.

    Mr. & Mrs. Rajesh Kumar
    45, Sunrise Colony
    Sector 12, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh – 201301
    Phone: 9998765432
    Email: rajesh.kumar@email.com

    Date: 12/01/2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Greenwood International School
    Sector 16, prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh – 201302

    Subject: Request for Permission for Shivi to be Absent from School

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to inform you that my daughter, Shivi, who is in Class 8, Section A, will be unable to attend school from 14-January-2025 to 19-January-2025 due to health issue.

    I kindly request you to grant permission for her absence during this period. We assure you that all necessary arrangements will be made to ensure that Shivi catches up on any missed lessons and assignments.

    We appreciate your understanding and support in this matter.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Mr. & Mrs. Rajesh Kumar
    [Parent’s Signature]

    3. Write a Permission letter for Conducting an Event.

    Ravi Kumar
    Event Coordinator
    Greenwood International School
    Sector 15, Noida, Uttar Pradesh – 201301
    ravi.kumar@email.com
    +91-9998765432

    Date: 21/01/2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Greenwood International School
    Sector 16, Noida, Uttar Pradesh – 201302

    Subject: Request for Permission to Conduct an Event

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request permission to organize and conduct an event titled “Cultural Extravaganza 2025” on 15th February 2025 at the School Auditorium. The event aims to showcase the diverse cultures within our school community and promote creativity among the students.

    We have already planned the schedule, which includes various performances, exhibitions, and interactive activities. All participants have been briefed, and necessary safety measures are in place. This event is expected to help in the holistic development of our students and enhance their cultural awareness.

    I kindly request your permission to hold this event on the specified date and at the mentioned venue. If needed, I am available to provide additional details or meet to discuss the logistics further.

    I look forward to your approval and support for this initiative.

    Thank you for considering our request.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ravi Kumar
    Event Coordinator
    Greenwood International School

  • How to write Hostel Leave Application Format and samples

    Writing a application for leave from Hostel to go home for the weekend or attending sister marriage.

    1. Write a application for leave from Hostel to go home for the weekend.

    To,
    The Warden,
    Sunshine Hostel,
    Greenfield University,
    New Delhi,

    Date: 15th January 2025

    Subject: Application for leave to go home for the weekend

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Rahul Verma, a resident of Sunshine Hostel and currently pursuing my 2nd year in B.Tech at Greenfield University. I am writing to request your permission to grant me leave from the hostel to visit my home for the weekend.

    I plan to leave the hostel on 26th January 2025 and return on 28th January 2025. During this time, I will ensure that all my academic work and assignments are completed beforehand.

    Kindly approve my request for leave. I would be grateful for your consideration.

    Thank you.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rahul Verma
    Room No. 12B
    Contact: 9876543210

    2. Write a application for Hostel for sister’s weeding.

    To,
    The Warden,
    Maple Hostel,
    Brighton College,
    Delhi

    Date: 13th January 2025

    Subject: Application for leave for my sister’s wedding

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Rohan Mehta, a resident of Maple Hostel and currently pursuing my 3rd year in B.Sc at Brighton College. I am writing to request leave from the hostel to attend my sister’s wedding, which is scheduled for 10th February 2025.

    I kindly request permission to leave the hostel on 8th February 2025 and return on 15th February 2025. I will ensure that all my academic commitments are managed before my departure, and I will promptly resume my studies after returning.

    I would be extremely grateful if you could grant me leave for this important family event.

    Thank you for your consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rohan Mehta
    Room No. 23C
    Contact: 9876543210

    3. Write a hostel leave application in English.

    To,
    The Warden,
    Riverdale Hostel,
    Harmony Institute of Technology,
    Meerut,

    Date: 18th January 2025

    Subject: Application for leave from hostel

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Priya Sharma, a resident of Riverdale Hostel, currently in my 2nd year of B.Tech at Harmony Institute of Technology. I am writing to request leave from the hostel from 25th January 2025 to 30th January 2025 due to a family function that I need to attend.

    I assure you that I will complete any pending assignments and return to the hostel on the mentioned date. I kindly request your permission to grant me leave for this period.

    Thank you for your understanding.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Sharma
    Room No. 14A
    Contact: 9876543211

  • How to write a Subject change Application Format and samples

    Writing a subject change application for a subject in class 11 and changing subject from English to French.

    1. Write a application for change of subject in Grade 11.

    To,
    The Principal,
    Green Valley High School,
    New Delhi,

    Date: 18th January 2025

    Subject: Application for change of subject in Grade 11

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Nisha Verma a student of Grade 11, Section B, currently enrolled in the Commerce stream at your school. I am writing to request a change of subject from Mathematics to Informatics Practices.

    After careful consideration and discussions with my teachers and parents, I have realized that my interest and aptitude lie more in the field of computer studies. I believe this change will help me perform better academically and align with my future career goals.

    I kindly request you to consider my application and allow the subject change. I assure you that I will work hard to excel in the new subject.

    Thank you for your time and consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Nisha Verma
    Class 11B
    Roll No. 24
    Contact: 9876543210

    2. Write a application for change of subject from Hindi to French.

    To,
    The Principal,
    Bright Future International School,
    Meerut

    Date: 14th January 2025

    Subject: Application for change of subject from Hindi to French

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Akash Patel a student of Grade 9, Section C, currently studying Hindi as my second language at your school. I am writing to request a change of my second language subject from Hindi to French.

    After consulting with my parents and teachers, I have realized that learning French will be more beneficial for me, especially considering my interest in languages and its global importance. I believe this change will enhance my academic growth and future opportunities.

    I kindly request you to approve my application and allow me to switch from Hindi to French. I will put in my best effort to excel in the new subject.

    Thank you for your consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Akash Patel
    Class 9C
    Roll No. 18
    Contact: 9876543210

    3. Write a Subject change application in School from ESL to FLE.

    House 8, Shiv Tample Street
    Muzaffarnagar, UttarPardesh
    18-January-2025

    The Principal,
    MSVM Public School
    Shamili Road
    Muzaffarnagar, UttarPardesh,

    Subject: Application for Subject Change from ESL to FLE

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am Shivani Sharma a student of Class 9th, Section C, Roll Number 12. I am writing to kindly request a change in my subject selection from ESL (English as a Second Language) to FLE (French Language Education).

    After considering my academic interests and future goals, I believe that switching to FLE will provide me with better opportunities for growth and learning. I am confident that this subject will enhance my language skills and align more closely with my aspirations.

    I kindly request you to approve my subject change and guide me through any formalities required to complete this process. I will ensure that I catch up on any missed lessons and keep up with the course requirements.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Shivani Sharma
    Class 9th, Section C
    Roll Number: 12
    [Parent’s Name]
    9652432145

  • Writing an application Email for Internship Format and samples

    Writing an application Email for Internship for one-month duration or In-plant training.

    1. Write a Sample application Email for a one-month Internship.

    Subject: Application for One-Month Internship Opportunity

    Dear Ravi Kumar,

    I hope this email finds you well. My name is Ankit Dhiman, and I am a third-year student pursuing a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science at PQR University. I am writing to express my interest in applying for a one-month internship at IIT Limited PVT LTD during the upcoming semester break, from 21-January-2025 to 30-January-2025.

    I am particularly drawn to IIT Limited PVT LTD due to your innovative work in software development and I believe that this internship will provide me with valuable industry experience. I have developed strong programming and problem-solving skills through my coursework and projects, and I am eager to contribute to your team while learning from your talented professionals.

    Attached is my resume for your review. I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to discuss how I can contribute to IIT Limited PVT LTD during this internship. Thank you for considering my application.

    Looking forward to your positive response.

    Best regards,
    Ankit Dhiman
    Email: ankit.dhiman@gmail.com
    Phone: 9876543210

    2. Write a application Sample mail for Internship for In-Plant training.

    Subject: Application for In-Plant Training Internship Opportunity

    Dear Mukesh Saini,

    I hope this message finds you well. I am Arjun Patel, a third-year student pursuing a Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering at HDFC University. I am writing to express my interest in applying for an in-plant training internship at Tata Motors Industries, as part of my academic curriculum..

    During my studies, I have developed a strong foundation in mechanical design, thermodynamics, and material science, and I am eager to apply this knowledge in a practical industrial environment. I believe that Tata Motors Industries offers the ideal platform to gain hands-on experience, improve my technical skills, and understand industry practices.

    The in-plant training is scheduled for 4 weeks from March 15, 2025, to April 15, 2025, and I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to be a part of your esteemed organization during this period. Please find my resume attached for your review.

    Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to contribute and learn as part of your team.

    Best regards,
    Arjun Patel
    Third year, B.E. Bachelor of Engineering
    HDFC University
    8574123654
    Email: Arjun.Patel@gmail.com

    3. Write a sample Internship Request E-mail.

    Subject: Internship Request for Software Development

    Dear Sandeep Kumar,

    I hope this email finds you well. My name is Amjad, and I am currently pursuing a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science at Sunrise University. I am writing to express my interest in an internship opportunity at Infosys Limited Industry during semester break.

    I am passionate about software development and have gained valuable knowledge in “Employee Management System”. I believe an internship at Infosys Limited would allow me to apply my academic learning to real-world projects and further develop my skills in a professional environment.

    I have attached my resume for your consideration and would be grateful for the opportunity to contribute to your team. I am confident that this internship would provide both valuable experience for me and contribute to your organization’s goals.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your response.

    Best regards,
    Amjad
    Bachelor of Technology , Software Developer
    Sunrise University
    Phone: 4152634574
    Email: Amjed123@gmail.com

    O

  • Change of E-mail or personal Address change application to Bank Format and Samples

    Application for change of E-mail or Personal Address to bank. This Applications formats and samples are given below.

    1. Write a E-mail address change application.

    Subject: Request for Change of Registered Email Address

    Dear HDFC Bank Customer Support,

    I hope this email finds you well. I am Ankit Dhiman, a customer of your bank with account number 1234567890. I am writing to request a change in my registered email address associated with my account.

    Old Email Address: ankit.dhiman123@oldemail.com
    New Email Address: ankit.dhiman123@email.com

    I kindly request you to update my email address in your records for future communication and notifications. If any additional verification or documentation is required, please let me know, and I will promptly provide the necessary information.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your confirmation of the update.

    Best regards,
    Ankit Dhiman
    Account Number: 1234567890
    Phone: 9876543210

    2. Write a Personal or Business address change application format.

    Subject: Request for Change of Address

    Dear Mr. Kapoor,

    I hope this message finds you well. I am Rohit Sharma, a client at ABC Enterprises. I am writing to inform you of my recent change of address and to kindly request that you update your records accordingly.

    Old Address:
    12 Old Street,
    Shiv Nagar,
    Meerut, 400050

    New Address:
    34 New Lane,
    Ocean View Apartment,
    Delhi, 411057

    Please update my contact details in your records to ensure that future correspondence, deliveries, and services are sent to the new address. If any further information or verification is required, please feel free to contact me.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I appreciate your prompt action in updating my details.

    Best regards,
    Rohit Sharma
    Client
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: rohit.sharma@gmail.com

  • How to write Acknowledgement letter for College Project format and sample

    Writing Acknowledgement letter for college project format and sample is provided below.

    1. Write a letter Acknowledgement for Individual Project.

    Date: 18 January 2025

    To,
    The Principal,
    ABC College of Engineering,
    Sector 12, Knowledge Park,
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh – 201310

    Subject: Acknowledgement for Submission of College Project

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits. I, Parul, a student of the final year B.Tech in Computer Science, hereby acknowledge the submission of my project titled “Development of an AI-Based Chatbot for Customer Support” under the guidance of Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Head of the Department, Computer Science.

    I am pleased to inform you that the project has been completed as per the guidelines and requirements set forth by the department. The project has been submitted for review and evaluation as part of my academic requirements.

    I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Rajesh Kumar for his continuous support, guidance, and encouragement throughout the duration of this project.

    Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to your valuable feedback.

    Sincerely,
    Parul
    B.Tech, Computer Science
    ABC College of Engineering
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: Parul@gmail.com

  • How to write a Letter to Principal for leaves and other requests Formats and samples

    Writing a letter to principal from parents for granting of leaves or joining the school late.

    1. Write a letter to principal from parents to grant 5 days off.

    Mr. Ramesh Kumar
    123, Shiv Nagar
    New Delhi, Delhi – 110058
    rameshkumar@gmail.com
    9876543210
    21th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Shree Krishna Public School
    Sector 15, Rohini
    New Delhi – 110085

    Subject: Request for 5 Days Leave for My Child, Aarav Kumar

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am the parent of Aarav Kumar, a student of Class 6 in your esteemed school. I am writing to kindly request leave for my child for 5 days, from 1st February 2025 to 5th February 2025, due to a family function that requires us to travel out of town.

    We assure you that Aarav will catch up on the lessons missed during this period and complete any assignments or work given to him. We request you to kindly grant permission for this leave and inform us if any additional formalities are required.

    I would appreciate your understanding and approval of this request.

    Thank you for your consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Mr. Ramesh Kumar
    9876543210
    rameshkumar@gmail.com

    2. Write a letter by parents to the principal for joining School late.

    Date: 21th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal,
    Greenwood International School,
    123 Main Street,
    Meerut

    Subject: Request for Late Joining to School

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am writing to inform you that my child, Riya Sharma, who is a student of Class 10, has been unable to join school on time due to a family emergency.

    I kindly request you to allow my child to join the school from 1st February 2025. We assure you that she will make up for the missed lessons and assignments. We are fully committed to supporting her education and ensuring that she catches up with the classwork and syllabus.

    We hope for your understanding and positive consideration in this matter. Please let us know if any further documentation or information is required.

    Thank you for your attention to this request.

    Yours sincerely,
    Manoj Sharma (Father)
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: manoj.sharma@gmail.com

  • How to write a Request Letter to company for internship.

    Writing letters for requesting for internship for position like content writer and graphic designer.

    1. Write a request letter for internship – content writer.

    Aarti Sharma
    B-24, Green Park,
    New Delhi, Delhi – 110016
    aartisharma@gmail.com
    9876543210
    15th January 2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    Creative Writers Hub
    Building No. 12, Sector 21,
    Gurugram, Haryana – 122018

    Subject: Request for Content Writing Internship

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. My name is Aarti Sharma, and I am currently a final-year student at Delhi University, pursuing a degree in English Literature. I am writing to express my interest in applying for an internship as a content writer with Creative Writers Hub.

    I have developed a deep interest in content writing and have gained experience in writing blog posts, articles, and social media content during my academic projects and freelance work. I am eager to apply my knowledge and enhance my skills by contributing to your creative team. I believe this internship would offer me an excellent opportunity to learn from industry experts and grow professionally.

    Please find my resume and a few of my writing samples attached for your review. I am available to begin the internship immediately and am open to both part-time and full-time positions.

    I would be extremely grateful if you could consider my application for an internship position. I am confident that my passion for writing and dedication to learning will allow me to contribute effectively to your team.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

    Yours sincerely,
    Aarti Sharma
    9876543210
    aartisharma@gmail.com

    2. Write a Internship request letter for graphic designer.

    Ravi Kapoor
    F-12, Rajouri Garden,
    New Delhi, Delhi – 110027
    ravikapoor@gmail.com
    9998765432
    23th January 2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    Design Works Studio
    Building No. 15, Sector 8,
    Dwarka, Delhi – 122002

    Subject: Request for Graphic Design Internship

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. My name is Ravi Kapoor, and I am currently a second-year student at National Institute of Design, New Delhi, pursuing a degree in Graphic Design. I am writing to express my interest in applying for an internship as a graphic designer at DesignWorks Studio.

    I have developed a strong passion for graphic design and have gained experience working with Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign to create digital artwork, promotional material, and brand logos. I am eager to expand my skills and gain practical experience by working with professionals in your esteemed studio.

    Please find attached my resume and portfolio showcasing a few of my recent projects for your review. I am available to start the internship from March 2025 and am open to both part-time and full-time opportunities.

    I would be grateful if you could consider my application for an internship position. I am confident that my creativity and design skills will allow me to make a positive contribution to your team.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to the possibility of learning from your talented professionals and contributing to your design projects.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Kapoor
    9998765432
    ravikapoor@gmail.com

  • How to write a Application for copy of pay slip from the company format and sample

    Writing a application to HR ( Human resource) Manager for copy of Pay slip for the month.

    1. Write a application letter for pay slip to HR.

    Rohit Sharma
    Software Developer
    IT Department
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    25th January 2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    123, Tech Park, Sector 12
    Hapour Road, Meerut – 122018

    Subject: Request for Pay Slip

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request a copy of my pay slip for the month of December 2024. I require the pay slip for tax filing purposes.

    Please find my details below for your reference:

    • Employee ID: TS2345
    • Designation: Software Developer
    • Department: IT Department

    I would appreciate it if you could kindly process my request and provide me with the pay slip at your earliest convenience. If any additional information is needed, please let me know.

    Thank you for your time and assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rohit Sharma
    Software Developer
    Contact: 9876543210
    Email: rohit.sharma@gmail.com

    2. Write a application letter for pay slip to school authorities.

    Neha Verma
    Teacher, Mathematics Department
    Shree Ram Public School
    22 January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Shree Ram Public School
    B-Block, Vikas Puri
    Delhi – 110018

    Subject: Request for Pay Slip

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to kindly request a copy of my pay slip for the month of December 2024. I require the pay slip for tax filing purposes.

    Please find my details below for your reference:

    • Employee ID: SRPS234
    • Designation: Teacher, Mathematics Department
    • Department: Mathematics

    I would appreciate it if you could process my request and provide me with the pay slip at your earliest convenience. If any additional information is required, please feel free to contact me.

    Thank you for your assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Neha Verma
    Teacher, Mathematics Department
    Contact: 9812345678
    Email: neha.verma@gmail.com

  • How to write Application for Fee Refund from College format and sample

    Here we will write a application for fee refund from college which will be addressed to Principal.

    1. Write a application for fee refund from college.

    Ananya Sharma
    Roll Number: 12345
    B.A. (English), 1st Year
    St. Xavier’s College
    19th January 2025

    To,
    The Principal
    St. Xavier’s College
    P. G. Road,
    Meerut – 400001

    Subject: Application for Fee Refund

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request a refund of the fees I have paid for the academic year 2024-2025, as I have decided to withdraw my admission from St. Xavier’s College due to personal reasons.

    I had enrolled in the B.A. (English) program, and the total fee amount paid was ₹35,000. As per the college’s fee refund policy, I am eligible for a refund, and I would be grateful if you could process my request at your earliest convenience.

    Please let me know if any additional documents or forms are required to initiate the refund process. I would appreciate your prompt assistance in this matter.

    Thank you for your understanding and support.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ananya Sharma
    Roll Number: 12345
    B.A. (English)
    Contact: 9876543210
    Email: ananya.sharma@gmail.com

  • How to write Job Appointment Letter format and samples

    Writing appointment letter for the post of TGT, PRT and other jobs. All kinds of jobs follow the same pattern.

    1. Write a appointment letter for a teacher for the post of TGT English.

    St. Mary’s International School
    123 Green Avenue,
    New Delhi, 110001
    Phone: 011-12345678
    Email: info@stmaryschool.in

    Date: 23th January 2025

    To,
    Ms. Priya Sharma
    456 Bluebell Lane,
    New Delhi, 110002

    Subject: Appointment for the Post of TGT English

    Dear Ms. Sharma,

    We are pleased to inform you that after reviewing your qualifications, experience, and performance in the interview, you have been selected for the position of TGT English at St. Mary’s International School. This appointment is based on the following terms and conditions:

    1. Date of Joining: 1st February 2025
    2. Position: Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) – English
    3. Department: English
    4. Salary: Your monthly salary will be ₹40,000, as per the school’s pay scale and policies.
    5. Working Hours: The regular working hours will be from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM, Monday through Friday.
    6. Probation Period: You will be on probation for a period of 6 months, during which your performance will be monitored and evaluated.
    7. Leave Policy: As per the school’s leave policy, you will be entitled to 20 days of annual leave.
    8. Duties and Responsibilities: As TGT English, your duties will include teaching English to students of classes 6 to 10, preparing lesson plans, conducting tests and assessments, attending parent-teacher meetings, and participating in school activities as required.

    Please confirm your acceptance of this appointment by signing and returning the duplicate copy of this letter by 31st January 2025.

    We are confident that you will make significant contributions to the academic growth of our students and enhance the overall teaching environment at St. Mary’s International School.

    We look forward to welcoming you to our school community. Please feel free to contact the administration if you have any questions or need further clarification.

    Congratulations once again, and we wish you success in your new role.

    Sincerely,
    Mr. Amit Verma
    Principal
    St. Mary’s International School

    Acknowledgment:
    I, Ms. Priya Sharma, accept the appointment as TGT English at St. Mary’s International School, and I agree to abide by the terms and conditions mentioned above.

    Signature: ___________________
    Date: ___________________

    2. Write a appointment letter for the teacher for the post of PRT.

    Springdale International School
    123 Knowledge Park,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001
    Phone: 0121-1234567
    Email: info@springdale.edu.in

    Date: 21th January 2025

    To,
    Ms. Neha Yadav
    456 Green Street,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250002

    Subject: Appointment for the Post of Primary Teacher (PRT)

    Dear Ms. Yadav,

    We are pleased to inform you that after reviewing your qualifications, experience, and performance in the interview, you have been selected for the position of Primary Teacher (PRT) at Springdale International School. This appointment is based on the following terms and conditions:

    1. Date of Joining: 1st February 2025
    2. Position: Primary Teacher (PRT)
    3. Grade/Subject: Classes 1 to 5
    4. Salary: Your monthly salary will be ₹30,000, as per the school’s pay scale and policies.
    5. Working Hours: Your regular working hours will be from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM, Monday to Friday.
    6. Probation Period: You will be on probation for a period of 3 months, during which your performance will be evaluated.
    7. Leave Policy: As per the school’s leave policy, you will be entitled to 20 days of annual leave.
    8. Duties and Responsibilities: Your responsibilities will include teaching primary school students, preparing lesson plans, conducting tests, assessments, parent-teacher meetings, and participating in various school activities.

    Please confirm your acceptance of this appointment by signing and returning the duplicate copy of this letter by 30th January 2025.

    We are confident that you will contribute significantly to the academic growth of our students and the overall success of Springdale International School.

    We look forward to welcoming you to our school community. Should you have any questions, please feel free to reach out to the administration.

    Congratulations once again, and we wish you success in your new role.

    Sincerely,
    Mr. Ramesh Verma
    Principal
    Springdale International School

    Acknowledgment:
    I, Ms. Neha Yadav, accept the appointment as Primary Teacher (PRT) at Springdale International School, and I agree to abide by the terms and conditions mentioned above.

    Signature: ___________________
    Date: ___________________

  • Application to Principal for Leaving Certificate Format and Samples

    Here we are writing a letter to the principal for school leaving certificate.

    1. Write a application letter for School leaving certificate.

    To
    The Principal,
    Sunrise Public School,
    Green Valley Road,
    Meerut
    25th January 2025.

    Subject: Application for School Leaving Certificate

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Priya Sharma, a student of class 10th in your esteemed school. I am writing this application to kindly request you to issue my School Leaving Certificate, as my family is relocating to Delhi, and I will be joining a new school there.

    I have cleared all my dues and returned all the library books and other school property. Therefore, I request you to process my application and provide the School Leaving Certificate at the earliest.

    I would be grateful for your assistance in this regard.

    Thanking you in anticipation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Sharma
    Class 10th – A
    Roll Number: 25
    Contact Details: 9876543210

  • Application of New Passbook Samples and format

    Writing a Application to the bank manager as you require a new pass book as previous one has been completely filled and or lost.

    1. Write a request letter for new pass book.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    State Bank of India,
    MG Road Branch,
    Delhi,
    21th January 2025.

    Subject: Request for Issuance of New Passbook

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am Radhika Mehta, holding a savings account in your esteemed bank with account number 123456789012. I am writing this letter to request the issuance of a new passbook, as my current passbook is lost.

    Kindly issue me a new passbook at your earliest convenience. I am ready to fulfill any formalities or documentation required for the same.

    I would be grateful for your prompt assistance in this matter.

    Thanking you in anticipation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Radhika Mehta
    Account Number: 123456789012
    Contact Details: 9876543210
    Signature

    2. Write a new pass book application.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    Punjab National Bank,
    Shastri Nagar Branch,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh,
    15th January 2025.

    Subject: Application for New Passbook

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Anjali Verma, hold a savings account in your bank with account number 987654321123. I would like to inform you that my current passbook is completely filled, and I require a new one.

    Kindly issue me a new passbook at your earliest convenience. I am ready to provide any necessary documents or complete formalities if required.

    Thank you for your kind attention to this matter. I look forward to your assistance.

    Yours faithfully,
    Anjali Verma
    Account Number: 987654321123
    Contact Number: 9012345678
    Signature

  • Application of issuing and replacing of ATM Card Samples and format

    Sample letters and format for the issuing and replacing of ATM card.

    1. Write a application letter for new ATM card.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    HDFC Bank,
    Civil Lines Branch,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh,
    25th January 2025.

    Subject: Application for New ATM Card

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Rohit Kumar, am a savings account holder at your bank with account number 123456789012. I am writing this letter to request the issuance of a new ATM card, as my previous card has been damaged.

    Kindly issue me a new ATM card at your earliest convenience. I am ready to fulfill any required formalities and submit necessary documents for the same.

    I would appreciate your prompt action in this matter and look forward to your assistance.

    Thanking you in anticipation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Rohit Kumar
    Account Number: 123456789012
    Contact Details: 9876543210
    Signature

    2. Write a application letter for renewing ATM card.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    ICICI Bank,
    Rohilkhand Branch,
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh,
    24th January 2025.

    Subject: Application for Renewal of ATM Card

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Anjali Singh, hold a savings account with your bank, and my account number is 987654321098. I am writing to request the renewal of my ATM card as it is about to expire.

    I kindly request you to issue me a renewed ATM card at your earliest convenience. I am ready to fulfill any required formalities or provide any necessary documents for the same.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your prompt assistance.

    Yours faithfully,
    Anjali Singh
    Account Number: 987654321098
    Contact Details: 9876543210
    Signature

  • Application for Advance Salary format and samples

    Here we have given samples and format of salary advance letter for medical reasons in family.

    1. Write a salary advance request letter.

    To
    The HR Manager,
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.,
    Sector 12, Delhi,
    25th January 2025.

    Subject: Request for Salary Advance

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am Rohan Sharma, working as a Software Developer in the IT Department at Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd. I am writing to request an advance on my salary for the current month due to urgent medical expenses related to my family.

    I would be grateful if you could consider my request and provide me with an advance of ₹15,000 as per the company’s policies. I assure you that I will repay the advance as per the terms set by the company.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your understanding and positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rohan Sharma
    Employee ID: TS12345
    IT Department
    Contact: 9876543210
    Signature

    2. Write a salary advance letter for medical reasons.

    To
    The HR Manager,
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.,
    Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar,
    Lucknow,
    25th January 2025.

    Subject: Request for Salary Advance due to Medical Emergency

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am Priya Verma, working as a Senior Marketing Executive in the Marketing Department at Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd. I am writing to request an advance on my salary for the current month due to an urgent medical situation.

    Unfortunately, I have been diagnosed with a severe health condition and need immediate treatment, which has resulted in unexpected medical expenses. Therefore, I kindly request an advance of ₹20,000 from my salary to help manage the situation.

    I assure you that I will repay the advance as per the company’s policy. Your understanding and support during this difficult time will be highly appreciated.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Priya Verma
    Employee ID: TS98765
    Marketing Department
    Contact: 9912345678
    Signature

  • Application for New Bank Pass book format and samples

    Here we have presented sample and format for issuing of new bank pass book and duplicate bank pass book.

    1. Write a application for New Bank pass book.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    State Bank of India,
    MG Road Branch,
    Meerut,
    26th January 2025

    Subject: Request for a New Bank Passbook

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am Priya Sharma, an account holder at your bank, holding an account with account number 1234567890. I am writing to request the issuance of a new passbook as my current passbook has been completely used up.

    I kindly request you to issue a new passbook at the earliest, as I require it for my banking transactions and record-keeping.

    I would appreciate it if you could process my request at your earliest convenience. Please let me know if any additional information or documents are needed to facilitate the issuance of the new passbook.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours faithfully,
    Priya Sharma
    Account Number: 1234567890
    Address: 45/2, Shankar Vihar, Lucknow
    Contact Number: 9876543210

    2. Write a Duplicate pass book application.

    To
    The Branch Manager,
    HDFC Bank,
    Aliganj Branch,
    Lucknow,
    21th January 2025.

    Subject: Request for Issuance of Duplicate Passbook

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am Priya Sharma, an account holder at your bank, holding an account with account number 9876543210. I am writing to inform you that I have unfortunately lost my original passbook and request the issuance of a duplicate passbook.

    Despite my best efforts, I have been unable to locate the original passbook. Therefore, I kindly request you to issue a duplicate passbook for my account at your earliest convenience. I assure you that I will comply with any formalities or requirements necessary for the process.

    Please let me know if any further documentation or verification is needed for processing my request.

    I appreciate your attention to this matter and look forward to your prompt assistance.

    Yours faithfully,
    Priya Sharma
    Account Number: 9876543210
    Address: 45/2, Shankar Vihar, Lucknow
    Contact Number: 9876543210

  • Writing a letter for requesting and responding to Quotation Samples

    Writing a quotation letter for requesting and responding of the parties involved , bulk purchase of product and regarding information whether a material is present or not and its cost.

    1. Write a Requesting for a Quotation letter with the fee details of various courses.

    Ankit Dhiman
    12, Sunset Boulevard
    Sector 15, Meerut
    Uttar Pradesh, 201301
    ankit.dhiman@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 10, 2025

    The Admissions Officer
    Techno Global Institute
    Plot No. 45, Institutional Area
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, 201308

    Subject: Request for Quotation for Course Fees

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am interested in pursuing B.Tech in Computer Science Engineering at your esteemed institution. I would appreciate it if you could provide me with a detailed quotation for the fees and other charges applicable to this course for the upcoming academic year.

    Kindly include the following details in your quotation:

    1. Course fees for B.Tech in Computer Science Engineering registration fees.
    2. Hostel fees (if applicable).
    3. Miscellaneous fees lab fees.
    4. Any discounts or scholarships that may be available.
    5. Payment terms and installment options (if applicable).

    I would appreciate it if you could send the quotation by January 25, 2025, as I am keen to make my decision at the earliest.

    Thank you for your time and assistance. I look forward to your response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ankit Dhiman
    B.Tech in Computer Science Engineering
    9876543210
    ankit.dhiman@email.com

    2. Write a Respond to the Request for a Quotation letter.

    Anjali Mehta
    Sales Manager
    Techno Global Institute
    Plot No. 45, Institutional Area
    Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, 201308
    anjali.mehta@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 20, 2025

    Mr. Ravi Kumar
    Admissions Officer
    Kailash Nagar
    Near City Mall
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001

    Subject: Response to Request for Quotation

    Dear Mr. Ravi Kumar,

    I hope this letter finds you well. Thank you for your interest in our B.Tech Computer Science Engineering program. In response to your request for a quotation, we are pleased to provide the following details for the course:

    1. Course: B.Tech in Computer Science Engineering
      Price: ₹1,25,000 per annum
      Additional Charges: ₹5,000 registration fee
    2. Hostel Fees: ₹40,000 per annum
    3. Miscellaneous Charges: ₹3,000 examination fees
    4. Discounts/Scholarships: We are offering a 10% discount on the total fees for students with more than 90% in their board exams.
    5. Payment Terms: Full payment can be made in one installment, or you can opt for quarterly payments with a 5% surcharge.
    6. Validity of Quotation: The quotation is valid until February 15, 2025.

    Should you have any further questions or require any adjustments, please feel free to contact us. We look forward to welcoming you to our campus and supporting your educational journey.

    Thank you for considering Techno Global Institute.

    Yours sincerely,
    Anjali Mehta
    Sales Manager
    Techno Global Institute
    9876543210
    anjali.mehta@email.com

    3. Write a Request letter for Quotation for the Bulk Purchase of Product.

    Rajesh Kumar
    Procurement Manager
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    456, Industrial Area
    Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 201301
    RajeshKumar@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 05, 2025

    The Sales Manager
    Alpha Electronics Pvt. Ltd.
    A-12, Rajouri Garden
    Near Metro Station
    New Delhi, 110027

    Subject: Request for Quotation for Bulk Purchase of Laptops

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inquire about the bulk purchase of laptops for our company, Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.. We are planning to purchase 100 units of 14-inch laptops and would appreciate it if you could provide us with a detailed quotation for this order.

    Please include the following information in your quotation:

    1. Price per unit for the bulk quantity.
    2. Total cost for the requested quantity of 100 units.
    3. Discounts available for bulk purchases.
    4. Delivery charges and expected delivery time.
    5. Payment terms advance, installment options, etc.
    6. Warranty/Return policy if applicable
    7. Any additional charges if applicable.

    We are looking forward to establishing a long-term business relationship and would appreciate receiving your quotation by January 25, 2025 to proceed further.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. We look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rajesh Kumar
    Procurement Manager
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    9876543210
    Rajesh.Kumar@email.com

    4. Write a letter Request for Information Regarding Availability and cost of Products.

    Arjun Patel
    Procurement Manager
    Tech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
    12, Sector 15
    Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 201301
    Arjun Patel@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 14, 2025

    The Sales Manager
    Alpha Electronics Pvt. Ltd.
    Plot No. 23, Tech Park
    Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 201308

    Subject: Request for Information Regarding Availability and Cost of Laptops

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inquire about the availability and cost of 14-inch laptops for our company, Tech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.. We are looking to purchase 50 units of the laptop model XYZ-123, and would like to know the following details:

    1. Availability of the product in the desired quantity of 50 units.
    2. Price per unit of the laptop.
    3. Any discounts available for bulk purchases.
    4. Estimated delivery time for the product.
    5. Payment terms and conditions.
    6. Any warranty or return policy information.

    We are looking forward to hearing from you soon to proceed with our order. Kindly provide the requested information at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your assistance. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Arjun Patel
    Procurement Manager
    Tech Innovations Pvt. Ltd.
    9876543210
    Arjun Patel@email.com

  • Application for Character Certificate from college

    Writing a application for requesting character certificate for higher studies, schools and scholarship.

    1. Write a Application for Requesting a character certificate from college for Higher studies.

    Rahul Sharma
    56, Green Park Apartments
    Rajendra Nagar
    Meerut
    rahul.sharma@gmail.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 17, 2025

    The Principal
    Delhi University
    Karol Bagh Road
    Delhi

    Subject: Request for Issuance of Character Certificate for Higher Studies

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I, Rahul Sharma, have completed my Bachelor of Arts (History Honors) from your esteemed institution in the year 2024. I am now applying for higher studies at a postgraduate level and would require a Character Certificate from the college as part of the application process.

    I kindly request you to issue me the character certificate at your earliest convenience, as I need to submit it along with my admission documents. Your prompt assistance in this matter will be highly appreciated.

    Thank you for your support.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rahul Sharma
    Roll Number: 102034
    Delhi University

    2. Write a Certificate Application letter for Scholarship.

    Anjali Verma
    101, Rose Garden,
    Lajpat Nagar,
    New Delhi, 110024
    anjali.verma@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 11, 2025

    The Principal
    Delhi University
    North Campus
    New Delhi, 110007

    Subject: Application for Certificate for Scholarship

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I, Anjali Verma, a student of B.A. (English Honors) with Roll Number 123456, would like to request a certificate from the college to apply for a scholarship.

    As part of the scholarship application process, I am required to submit a certificate from the institution to verify my academic record and other necessary details. I kindly request you to issue this certificate to support my application for the scholarship. I believe this scholarship will help me pursue my higher studies and fulfill my academic goals.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response at the earliest.

    Yours sincerely,
    Anjali Verma
    B.A. (English Honors)
    Roll Number: 123456
    Delhi University

    3. Write a School character Certificate Application.

    Ravi Kumar
    45, Ashok Vihar
    Prayagraj 110052
    ravi.kumar@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 20, 2025

    The Principal
    Greenwood Public School
    Sector 12, Dwarka
    New Delhi, 110078

    Subject: Application for Character Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Ravi Kumar, a student of Class 12, Science Stream, with Roll Number 201234, have successfully completed my studies at Greenwood Public School. I am writing to request a Character Certificate from the school, which is required for my future academic or professional purposes.

    I kindly request you to issue me the character certificate, confirming my good conduct and behavior during my time at the school. I would be grateful if you could process my request at the earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ravi Kumar
    Class 12, Science Stream
    Roll Number: 201234
    Greenwood Public School

  • Purchase Order letter for buyer and seller Samples and format

    Writing a letter for purchase of books , stationary supplies and response letter from seller to buyer.

    1. Write a Purchase letter format-order for Books.

    Ankit Dhiman
    Purchase Manager
    ABC Educational Supplies Pvt. Ltd.
    123 Business Avenue
    Delhi, 110001
    ankit.dhiman@abcbooks.com
    9876543210

    Date: 02-Jan-2025

    To,
    Mr. Rahul Sharma
    Global Book Distributors
    Plot 45, Sector 18
    Meerut, 201301

    Subject: Purchase Order for Books

    Dear Mr. Sharma,

    I hope this letter finds you well. We are pleased to place a purchase order for the following books for educational institution, as per the details provided below:

    Book TitleAuthor/PublisherQuantityPrice per UnitTotal Price
    Introduction to Computer ScienceA.K. Jain / Tech Publishers50₹400₹20,000
    Advanced MathematicsP.N. Gupta / ABC Press30₹550₹16,500
    Modern English GrammarH.C. Verma / Scholarly Books20₹300₹12,000

    The total amount for this order is ₹48,500, including applicable taxes and shipping charges. We kindly request that you process this order at your earliest convenience and deliver the books by February 10, 2025, to the following address:

    Delivery Address:
    ABC Educational Supplies Pvt. Ltd.
    123 Business Avenue
    Delhi, 110001

    Please confirm the receipt of this order and provide an invoice for the same. Payment will be made upon receipt of the books in good condition, as per the terms previously agreed upon.

    If you need any further information, feel free to contact me at ankit.dhiman@abcbooks.com or call me at 9876543210. We look forward to receiving the books promptly.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ankit Dhiman
    Purchase Manager


    2. Write a Business order letter-Purchase to the order stationary supplies.

    Tushar Kumar
    Kumar Enterprises
    Sector 45, Main Road
    Hapour Road, Meerut
    Tushar.kumar@gmail.com
    8541526398

    Date: January 17, 2025

    The Sales Manager
    XYZ Stationery Supplies
    Plot No. 25, Industrial Area
    New Delhi 110001

    Subject: Order for Stationery Supplies

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. We are pleased to place an order for stationery supplies for our office, Kumar Enterprises. Kindly process our order as per the following list:

    1. A4 Size Paper (75 GSM) – 10 Reams
    2. Ballpoint Pens (Blue) – 50 Boxes
    3. Highlighters (Assorted Colors) – 20 Pieces
    4. Staplers (Medium) – 15 Units
    5. Notepads (Ruled, A5 Size) – 30 Units
    6. Paper Clips (Large, Box of 100) – 25 Boxes

    Please ensure that the items are of good quality and are delivered to our office at the address mentioned above by 25-January-2025. Kindly send the invoice along with the delivery, and we will process the payment promptly upon receipt.

    We look forward to your prompt confirmation of this order and timely delivery.

    Thank you for your assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Tushar Kumar
    Supply manager
    Kumar Enterprises

    3. Write a Sample order letter-Response to the order letter for the buyer’s.

    XYZ Stationery Supplies
    Plot No. 25, Sector
    New Delhi 110001
    Email: sales@xyzstationery.com
    Phone: 9876543211

    Date: January 18, 2025

    Rohit Dhiman
    Manager, Operations
    ABC Enterprises
    Shastri Nagar
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226004

    Subject: Confirmation of Your Stationery Supplies Order

    Dear Mr. Dhiman,

    Thank you for your recent order dated January 20, 2025. We are pleased to confirm that we have received your order for stationery supplies, and the items are being processed as per your request.

    The details of the items ordered are as follows:

    1. A4 Size Paper (75 GSM) – 10 Reams
    2. Ballpoint Pens (Blue) – 50 Boxes
    3. Highlighters (Assorted Colors) – 20 Pieces
    4. Staplers (Medium) – 15 Units
    5. Notepads (Ruled, A5 Size) – 30 Units
    6. Paper Clips (Large, Box of 100) – 25 Boxes

    We are pleased to inform you that the total cost of the order is ₹17,800, which is within your specified budget of ₹18,000. Your order will be shipped to your office address in Lucknow by January 28, 2025, well before your preferred delivery date.

    Once the delivery has been made, the invoice will be sent along with the goods. Please feel free to reach out to us if you have any questions or need further assistance. We appreciate your business and look forward to serving you again in the future.

    Thank you for choosing XYZ Stationery Supplies.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rohit Sharma
    Sales Manager
    XYZ Stationery Supplies

  • Salary Increment request letter and mail to manager

    1. Write a Salary Increment Request letter sample

    Pavan
    Computer Operator
    IT Support
    HCL Technologies
    Faridabad
    Delhi, 110091
    12-Jan-2025

    The Manager/HR Department
    HCL Technologies
    Faridabad
    Delhi, 110091

    Subject: Request for Salary Increment

    Dear Ravi Kumar

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request a salary increment. I have been working at HCL Technologies as a Computer Operator for the past 4 year, and I am proud of the contributions I have made to the organization during this time.

    Over the course of my tenure, I have taken on additional responsibilities, contributed to various successful projects, and consistently met or exceeded my performance targets. I believe that my skills, experience, and dedication to my work have added significant value to the team and the company as a whole.

    Considering my ongoing contributions, market trends, and my dedication to the organization, I would appreciate it if you could review my request for a salary adjustment. I am confident that a salary increment would not only reflect my current role and responsibilities but would also motivate me to continue striving for excellence in my work.

    Thank you for considering my request. I am happy to discuss this further at your convenience.

    Yours sincerely,
    Pavan
    1452637859
    Pavan@gmail.com

    2. Write a Salary Appraisal Request mail.

    Subject: Request for Salary Appraisal

    Dear Aadesh

    I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to formally request a review of my current compensation package. Over the past 3 years, I have taken on increased responsibilities and have consistently met or exceeded the expectations in my role as Network Engineer.

    Some of the key achievements I would like to highlight include:

    • successful completion of a major project, increased revenue, improved process efficiency.
    • leading a team, delivering high-quality results.
    • Improving customer satisfaction.

    In light of my performance and contribution to the company’s success, I would like to kindly request a discussion regarding a salary adjustment that better reflects my current role and responsibilities. I am confident that this request aligns with the value I bring to the team and the organization.

    I would appreciate the opportunity to meet and discuss this in more detail at a convenient time for you. Thank you for considering my request, and I look forward to your feedback.

    Best regards,
    Amjed
    Network Engineer
    4152637895

  • Bank Cheque Book Request Letter

    Write a application for issuing of cheque book for the first time for an account and issuing next time.

    1. Write a Application for Cheque book issue.

    Vajid Choudhary
    House 5, Purani Street
    Hapour Road, Meerut
    12-Jan-2025

    The Branch Manager
    State Bank of India (SBI)
    Meerut Branch
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh –

    Subject: Request for Issuance of Cheque Book

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Vajid Choudhary, hold a savings account with your bank, and the details of my account are as follows:

    • Account Number: 1254 6325 7896 7485
    • Account Type: Savings
    • Branch: Meerut Branch

    I kindly request you to issue a cheque book for my account as I require it for my upcoming transactions. I would appreciate it if you could process my request at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. Please do let me know if any further documents or information is required.

    Yours faithfully,
    Vajid Choudhary
    2563458512

    2. Write a Application for new Cheque Book.

    Abhishek
    Golden ball Street
    Meerut
    13-Jan-2025

    The Branch Manager
    HDFC Bank
    Connaught Place Branch
    New Delhi, Delhi 110001

    Subject: Request for Issuance of New Cheque Book

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Abhishek, hold a savings account with your esteemed bank. The details of my account are as follows:

    • Account Name: Abhishek
    • Account Number: 7485 4563 1254 9632
    • Account Type: Current Account
    • Branch: Connaught Place Branch

    I am writing to request the issuance of a new cheque book as I have exhausted the leaves in my previous cheque book. I would appreciate it if you could kindly process my request and issue the new cheque book at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. Please let me know if any further documents or information is required.

    Yours faithfully,
    Abhishek
    5263456123

  • Electricity meter complaint letter format

    Samples are provided here for writing a complaining application for Electric wire change and burnt electricity meter.

    1. Write a application for Electricity wire change.

    To,
    The Senior Engineer,
    Electricity Department,
    Green Park Area,
    Delhi – 110016.

    Date: 21rd January 2025

    Subject: Application for Replacement of Damaged Electricity Wires

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I writing to bring to you kind attention the poor condition of the electricity wires in our areas, specifically at House no. 123, Block C, Green Park, Delhi. The existing wires have old and worn out posing a serious risk to the softly of the residents, Due to the damaged condition of the wirers, we have been facing frequent power outages and fluctuations, causing in convenience to the house holds as well as potential hazards.

    I kindly request you to arrange for the replacement of the damaged wires as soon as possible to ensure the safety and uninterrupted supply of electricity your prompt action in this regard will be highly appreciated.

    Thanking you in anticipation of your immediate attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Amit Sharma
    House No. 123, Block C, Green Park, Delhi
    Phone: 9876543210

    2. Write a application for electricity meter Burnt.

    To,
    The Senior Engineer,
    Electricity Department,
    Rajiv Nagar Division,
    Meerut – 800024.

    Date: 20 January 2025

    Subject: Application for Replacement of Burnt Electricity Meter

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inform you that the electricity meter installed at my residence, located at House No. 67, Block B, Rajiv Nagar, Patna, has recently burnt out. As a result, we are currently without electricity, and this is causing significant inconvenience to our daily activities.

    I kindly request you to take immediate action to inspect the burnt meter and replace it with a new one at the earliest. I would also appreciate it if you could inform me about the necessary steps or formalities required from my side to expedite the process.

    Your prompt attention to this issue will be highly appreciated.

    Yours sincerely,
    Suresh Singh
    House No. 67, Block B, Rajiv Nagar, Meerut
    Phone: 9876543210

  • Experience Certificate Request letter Sample format

    Here we have provided sample format for experience certificate by an employee from the employer.

    Write a Request letter for Experience Certificate from an employee.

    Mohin Choudhary
    56, Blue Moon Complex
    Sector 15, SD Road, Muzaffarnagar – 122001
    Mohin.choudhary@email.com
    9998765432

    Date: 10/01/2025

    To,
    The HR Manager
    XYZ Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
    Ganga Nagar, Meerut – 122002

    Subject: Request for Experience Certificate

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request the issuance of an Experience Certificate for the period I worked at XYZ Technologies Pvt. Ltd. as a Software Developer from 01/06/2022 to 20/1/2025.

    During my tenure at the company, I gained invaluable knowledge and skills that have contributed significantly to my professional growth. I would be grateful if you could issue the certificate mentioning the details of my employment, role, and key responsibilities.

    I have attached the necessary documents for your reference, including my final settlement details and any additional forms required for processing the request.

    I would appreciate your prompt assistance in issuing the certificate at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your support and cooperation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Mohin Choudhary
    Software Developer
    Employee ID: 12345
    XYZ Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • NOC Application format and Examples

    Writing Application for NOC to apply for a new job, request letter format for training/teaching and format to close bank account.

    1. Write a Application for NOC to Apply for a new job.

    Subject: Application for No Objection Certificate (NOC) for New Job

    Dear Mr. Sharma,

    I hope this email finds you well. I am Disha Sharma, currently working as a Software Developer in the IT Department at Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd. I am writing to request a No Objection Certificate (NOC) to apply for a new job opportunity with Innovate Tech Systems.

    As per the terms of my current employment, I require an NOC to ensure that my transition is smooth and in compliance with the company policies. I have thoroughly enjoyed my time working here, and I am grateful for the opportunities provided to me. However, after careful consideration, I have decided to explore new career prospects.

    Please let me know if any additional formalities or documentation is required to process this request. I appreciate your support and cooperation in this matter.

    Thank you for your understanding and assistance.

    Sincerely,
    Disha
    Software Developer
    IT Department
    Tech Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
    Phone: 9876543210
    Email: Disha@email.com

    2. Write a application NOC Request letter format for teaching/training.

    Riya Verma
    123 Green Avenue
    Karol Bagh, Delhi, 800001
    riya.verma@email.com
    9876543210

    Date: 21/01/2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Modern Academy
    Saket, Delhi, 800002

    Subject: Request for No Objection Certificate (NOC) for Teaching/Training

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally request the issuance of a No Objection Certificate (NOC) for my participation in a Teaching Methodology and Pedagogical Skills Training Program, which will take place from 01/02/2025 to 15/02/2025 at Global Education Institute, Delhi.

    I assure you that my involvement in this training program will not affect my current duties and responsibilities at Modern Academy. I am committed to continuing my work without any disruption and will ensure all my tasks are completed in a timely manner during this period.

    Kindly grant me the required NOC so that I can proceed with the enrollment and attend the program. Your approval will greatly assist me in advancing my professional skills, which I believe will also benefit my contributions to the institution.

    I appreciate your understanding and support in this matter. I look forward to your positive response.

    Thank you.

    Yours sincerely,
    Riya Verma
    Assistant Teacher
    Department of English

    3. Write a NOC request letter format to close a loan account.

    Ravi Kumar
    56, Blue Moon Complex
    Sector 15, Raj nagar, Prayagraj – 122001
    ravi.kumar@email.com
    9998765432

    Date: 15/01/2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    ABC Bank Ltd.
    Hapour road Meerut – 122002

    Subject: Request for No Objection Certificate (NOC) for Loan Account Closure

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I, Ravi Kumar, holding a loan account with your bank (Account Number: L123456789), am writing to request the issuance of a No Objection Certificate (NOC) for the closure of my loan account. I have fully repaid the outstanding amount as of 11/01/2025.

    With this letter, I kindly request you to provide the NOC confirming that there are no dues pending on the loan account, and that the loan account may be closed. I would also appreciate it if you could update the status of my loan account to “Closed” in your records.

    I have attached the necessary documents, including the final payment receipt and other required forms, for your reference and further processing.

    I would be grateful for your prompt action on this request and look forward to receiving the NOC at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ravi Kumar
    Loan Account Number: L123456789

  • Appointment Letter format Example

    Sample letters and format for Appointment letter and mail for Employee from Employer.

    1. Write a Appointment letter for Employee.

    To,
    The Sales Manager
    ITI Limited, Naini
    ITI Limited, Naini, Mirzapur Road, Prayagraj,
    Uttar Pradesh – 211010

    Date: 1-Jan-2025

    To,
    Rahul Sharma
    Transport Nagar, Meerut
    PIN: 122002

    Subject: Appointment Letter

    Dear Rahul Sharma,

    We are pleased to offer you the position of Software Developer at ITI Limited, Naini. We are confident that your skills and experience will be an asset to our team. Below are the details of your employment:

    1. Position:
    Your designation will be Software Developer.

    2. Job Location:
    Your job will be based at our office in Gurugram, Haryana and you may be required to travel as per the company’s needs.

    3. Salary:
    Your monthly salary will be 50000 This is inclusive of all allowances and deductions as applicable under company policy.

    4. Joining Date:
    Your expected joining date will be 1-Feb-2025 Kindly report to Reporting Manager’s Suresh Kumar on your first day.

    5. Working Hours:
    You are expected to work from 9:30 to 6:30 from Monday to Saturday, with breaks as per company norms.

    6. Benefits:
    You will be entitled to the following benefits:

    • 15 days of annual leave
    • Medical Insurance
    • Provident Fund, Gratuity

    7. Probation Period:
    You will be on probation for a period of 3 months after which your performance will be reviewed, and your employment status will be confirmed, subject to satisfactory performance.

    8. Termination:
    Either party may terminate this employment with a notice period of 1 month or payment in lieu of notice, as per company policy.

    We request you to kindly acknowledge your acceptance of this offer by signing and returning a copy of this letter.

    We look forward to having you as a part of our team. Should you have any questions regarding this letter, please feel free to reach out to us.

    Welcome to ITI Limited, Naini.

    Sincerely,

    Rahul Sharma
    Software Developer
    ITI Limited, Naini

    Acceptance:

    I, Rahul Sharma, accept the offer and agree to the terms and conditions outlined above.

    Signature: __________________
    Date: __________________

    2. Write a Job Appointment letter.

    Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Ltd.
    nd Floor, Sector 46, Near Huda City Centre,
    Daurala, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250221

    Date: 11-Jan-2025

    To,
    Sunita Garg
    House 5, Street 6
    Hapur Road, Meerut,
    Uttar Pradesh – 250002

    Subject: Appointment Letter

    Dear, Sunita Garg

    We are pleased to inform you that you have been selected for the position of Computer operator at Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Ltd. located at Daurala, Meerut. After careful consideration of your application and interview performance, we are confident that your skills and experience will contribute to the success of our organization.

    Below are the details of your appointment:

    1. Position: Computer operator

    2. Department: IT Support

    3. Location: Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Ltd, 2nd Floor, Sector 46, Near Huda City Centre, Daurala, Meerut, PIN: 122018

    4. Reporting To: Mr. Ravi Verma, IT Manager

    5. Start Date: 1st February 2025

    6. Salary: Your monthly salary will be 40000 payable on a monthly basis.

    7. Working Hours: Working hours 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM, Monday to Friday

    8. Probation Period: You will be on a probation period of 3 months after which your performance will be reviewed.

    9. Other Benefits:

    12 days of paid annual leave per year

    7 days of casual leave per year

    Sick leave as per company policy

    10. Job Responsibilities: You are expected to perform the duties assigned to you, which include

    Operating and maintaining computer systems

    Managing daily data entry tasks

    Ensuring smooth functioning of hardware and software

    Handling system troubleshooting and providing technical support

    Assisting in generating reports and maintaining records

    Performing other administrative duties as required by the department

    Please sign and return a copy of this letter, indicating your acceptance of the terms and conditions mentioned.

    We are excited to have you join our team and look forward to working with you.

    Best regards,
    Sunita Garg
    Computer Operator
    Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Ltd.


    Employee Acceptance:
    I, [Employee Name], accept the offer of employment and agree to the terms and conditions outlined in this appointment letter.

    Employee Signature: __________________
    Date: __________________

    3. Write a letter Appointment order by mail.

    Subject: Appointment Order for the Position of Computer Operator

    Dear Ankit Dhiman

    We are pleased to inform you that you have been selected for the position of Computer Operator at ITC Limited. Your application and interview performance have been reviewed, and we are confident that your skills and experience will be a great asset to our organization.

    Below are the details of your appointment:

    Position: Computer Operator
    Department: IT Support
    Location: Chandni Chowk, New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh – 250221
    Reporting To: Rohit Kumar
    Start Date: 1-Jan-2025
    Salary: ₹450000 per month
    Working Hours: 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM, Monday to Friday
    Probation Period: 6 months
    Benefits: Paid Leave,

    You are required to sign and return a copy of this email to confirm your acceptance of the offer. We kindly ask you to complete the joining formalities and bring the necessary documents on your first day of work.

    We are excited to have you on board and look forward to your contributions to the company. If you have any questions or require further details, feel free to reach out to us.

    Once again, congratulations, and welcome to the team!

    Best regards,
    Ankit Dhiman
    Computer Operator
    ITC Limited
    4528665223


    Employee Acceptance:

    I, [Employee’s Name], accept the offer of employment and agree to the terms and conditions outlined in the appointment order.

    Employee Signature (If applicable): __________________
    Date: __________________

  • Apology letter Format Example

    Sample letter and format of Apology letter for delivery of damaged product, for delay in supply of garments and missing to mark attendance.

    1. Write a formal apology letter for Delivery of Damaged Product.

    Subject: Apology for Delivery of Damaged Product

    Dear Rekha,

    I hope this message finds you well. We are writing to sincerely apologize for the damaged product you received in your recent order with us. We understand how disappointing this must be and deeply regret the inconvenience this has caused you.

    We strive to ensure that all products are delivered in perfect condition, but in this instance, we have fallen short of our standard. Please be assured that this is not reflective of the quality of service we aim to provide.

    We are investigating the cause of this issue to ensure that this does not happen again in the future. In the meantime, we would be more than happy to arrange for a replacement or refund for the damaged product. Kindly let us know your preference, and we will expedite the process for you.

    Once again, we apologize for this inconvenience and thank you for your understanding and patience. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any further questions or concerns.

    Sincerely,
    Anita Pawar
    Sales manager
    Amazon
    4526325842

    2. Write a Apology letter for delay in Supply of garments.

    Rahul Sharma
    Sales Manager
    ABC Textiles Pvt. Ltd.
    123, Textile Park, Phase 2
    New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh
    PIN Code, 251001
    rahulsharma@abctextiles.com
    9876543210

    Date: 01-Jan-2025

    To,
    Priya Verma
    House 5, Street 8
    Faridabad, New Delhi

    Subject: Apology for Delay in Supply of Garments

    Dear Priya Verma

    I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to sincerely apologize for the delay in the delivery of the garments you ordered from us. We understand the inconvenience this has caused, and we take full responsibility for the delay in fulfilling your order.

    Due to unforeseen circumstances, there were delays in our production and supply chain processes. We have been working diligently to resolve the issue, and we are committed to ensuring that such delays do not occur in the future.

    Please rest assured that we are doing everything we can to expedite the shipment of your order. We are making all necessary arrangements to ensure that the garments reach you as soon as possible, and we expect them to arrive by 03-Jan-2025.

    As a gesture of goodwill, we would like to offer you a free shipping, on your next order.

    We greatly appreciate your patience and understanding in this matter. If you have any further concerns or require any assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us. We value your business and are committed to providing you with the best possible service.

    Once again, we apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused and thank you for your continued trust in us.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rahul Sharma
    Sales Manager
    ABC Textiles Pvt. Ltd.
    123, Textile Park, Phase 2
    New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh

    3. Write a Apology mail format for missing to mark Attendance.

    Subject: Apology for Missing Attendance

    Dear Ravi Kumar

    I hope this email finds you well. I would like to sincerely apologize for missing my attendance on 02-Jan-2025 due to Family function. I understand the importance of maintaining accurate attendance records and deeply regret any inconvenience this may have caused.

    Please let me know if any additional steps are required from my side to correct this oversight. Moving forward, I will ensure to be more mindful and avoid such mistakes.

    Thank you for your understanding.

    Best regards,
    Ravi Kumar
    Software Developer
    IT Support

  • Leave Application to Principal Formats and Sample

    Write a sample letter and format to Principal to participate in the National level literary Competition, school leave application , to principal for leave for going out of station and for absence from school.

    1. Write a Leave letter to Principal to participate in the National level literary Competition.

    Joyti
    9th Class, Roll No. 23
    House 5, Mangal Street
    Lanka, New Delhi
    13-Jan-2025

    The Principal
    Shine Public School
    Karol Bagh, New Delhi

    Subject: Leave Request for Participation in National Literary Competition

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request leave from school for 02-Jan-2025 as I have been selected to represent our school in the National Literary Competition that is scheduled to take place during these dates. 14-january-2025 to 18-january-2025.

    This is an important event, and I believe it will provide me with a great opportunity to showcase my skills and gain exposure. I assure you that I will make up for the missed lessons and assignments upon my return.

    I kindly request you to grant me leave for these days, and I would be grateful for your approval.

    Thank you for your consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Joyti
    9th Class, Roll No. 232
    Shine Public School

    2. Write a School leave letter for sick leave.

    Deepali
    12th Class, Section A
    House 9, large building Street
    Ganga Nagar, Meerut
    04-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Royal Heritage School
    Hapour Road, Meerut

    Subject: Request for Sick Leave

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inform you that I am feeling unwell and unable to attend school due to illness. I kindly request you to grant me sick leave from 05-Jan-2025 to 07-Jan-2025 I will ensure to complete any missed lessons or assignments upon my return.

    I would be grateful for your understanding and approval.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Deepali
    12th, A
    Roll Number : 21
    Contact No. 4528363582

    3. Write a letter to principal for leave for going out of station.

    Ankush Saini
    11th B
    House 3, Street 5
    Sharda Road, Meerut
    05-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Jeevandeep Public School
    Hauz Khas, New Delhi

    Subject: Request for Leave to Go Out of Station

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am writing to inform you that I will need to go out of station for personal work, from 06-Jan-25 to 08-Jan-25. I kindly request you to grant me leave for the aforementioned period.

    I will make sure to catch up on any missed lessons and complete the assignments once I return.

    Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to your approval.

    Yours sincerely,
    Ankush Saini
    11th B
    Roll Number 12
    Contact No. 9126385462

    4. Write a letter for Absence from school.

    Vivek Singh
    12th C
    123 Green Street
    Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi
    16-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Principal
    Greenwood International School
    New Delhi – 110001

    Subject: Request for Excuse from Absence

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inform you that I was absent from school on 10-Jan-2025 illness.

    I apologize for not being able to inform you in advance. I kindly request you to excuse my absence. I will ensure that I catch up on all missed lessons and assignments promptly.

    Thank you for your understanding and consideration.

    Yours sincerely,
    Vivek Singh
    12th C
    Roll Number 25
    Contact No. 4582637845

  • Business Enquiry Letter Format and Example

    Write a sample letter regarding applying to job vacancy, return and replacement of damaged product and purchase of material in bulk.

    1. Write a Sample letter Regarding applying to job vacancy.

    Sudheer Kumar
    House 56, Street 4
    Katra, Prayagraj
    PIN: 400013
    Sudheerkumar@gmail.com
    9526385467

    Date: 12-Jan-2025

    The Hiring Manager
    Bajaj Auto Limited
    Ganga Nagar, Meerut
    PIN Code: 411045

    Subject: Application for Job Vacancy

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to express my interest in the Software Developer position advertised on your company’s website. I have Java, problem-solving, software development methodologies, B.Sc. in Computer Science and believe that my skills and expertise make me a suitable candidate for this role.

    I hold a IIT Delhi from software Developer and have 2 years experience. My previous roles have honed my abilities in Coding, Software Solutions Design, which I am eager to apply to your team.

    I have attached my resume for your reference, which provides further details about my qualifications and experience. I am confident that I can contribute effectively to your company and am excited about the opportunity to work with your esteemed organization.

    I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my background, skills, and qualifications align with your requirements. I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience and can be reached at 9526328526 or via email at Sudheerkumar@gmail.com.

    Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to your team.

    Sincerely,
    Sudheer Kumar
    [Your Signature]

    2. Write a letter Enquiry mail format Sample Regarding return and replacement of damaged product.

    Subject: Inquiry Regarding Return and Replacement of Damaged Product

    Dear Meesho,

    I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to inform you about a recent purchase I made from your store/website. Unfortunately, upon receiving the product, I noticed that it is damaged.

    Below are the details of my purchase:

    • Order Number: RT12456
    • Product Name: Hair Oil
    • Date of Purchase: 02-Jan-2025
    • Delivery Date: 08-Jan-2025
    • Issue: Briefly describe the damage leaking, expired.

    I would appreciate it if you could guide me through the process of returning the damaged product and arranging for a replacement. Kindly let me know the steps I need to follow, including any documentation or procedures required for the return and replacement.

    If you need any further details or pictures of the damaged product, please let me know, and I will be happy to provide them.

    I look forward to your prompt assistance in resolving this issue.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter.

    Best regards,
    Rakhi
    4528652344
    Delhi

    3. Write a Business Enquiry letter Regarding Purchase of Material in Bulk.

    Arjun Sharma
    Zivame
    House 4, Street 2
    Chandni Chowk, Delhi
    PIN: 110006
    Arjunshrma@gmail.com
    4528632545

    Date: 12-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Sales Manager
    Myntra
    2nd Floor, 20, Tower C,
    Manyata Tech Park,
    Lukarganj, Meerut

    Subject: Business Enquiry Regarding the Purchase of Material in Bulk

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inquire about the possibility of purchasing Pajama sets and shorts in bulk from your company. We are a Pajama sets and shorts based in Delhi, and we are looking to expand our procurement of materials for our upcoming project.

    We are particularly interested in purchasing 2,000 units of cotton Pajama sets and 1,500 units of cotton shorts. Kindly provide us with the following information:

    1. Price per unit for bulk orders: Please share the per unit cost for 2,000 Pajama sets and 1,500 shorts.
    2. Delivery lead time and shipping charges: Let us know the estimated delivery time to Karnataka, along with shipping costs.
    3. Any discounts or offers available for bulk purchases: If there are any promotional offers, discounts for bulk purchases, or any loyalty benefits, please inform us.
    4. Payment terms and conditions: We would appreciate it if you could outline the payment terms, such as upfront payment, payment upon delivery, or any installment options.
    5. Product specifications and certifications (if applicable): Please provide details about the fabric, quality, and any relevant certifications, such as eco-friendly, organic cotton, or other standards.
    6. Warranty or guarantee details (if applicable): Do you offer any product warranty, replacement, or satisfaction guarantee for defective items?

    We are eager to establish a long-term relationship with your company and would appreciate a prompt response with the requested details. Please feel free to contact us should you require any further information.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

    Yours faithfully,
    Arjun Sharma
    Sales Manager
    Zivame

  • Letter to Editor class 10 and 12 Formats and Sample

    Sample letter and format highlighting the effects of Air Pollution, the issue of opened manholes and frequent breakdown of electricity.

    1. Write a Sample letter to Editor to Highlights the effects of Air Pollution.

    Mr. Arvind Kumar
    House 8, Street 3
    Begum Pul, New Delhi
    Arvindkumar@gmail.com

    Date: 15-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Editor,
    Aaj
    Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 226001

    Subject: Highlighting the Dangers of Air Pollution and Its Effects

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to you to bring attention to the increasingly alarming issue of air pollution, which continues to pose a serious threat to public health and the environment. It is essential that this issue be highlighted, as the effects are being felt daily in our cities, especially in urban areas like Delhi.

    The air quality in many cities has worsened over the years due to factors such as industrial emissions, vehicular pollution, and the burning of crop residue. The hazardous particles in the air, such as PM 2.5, can lead to severe respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and other health problems. Vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing conditions, are particularly at risk.

    Apart from the health concerns, air pollution is also taking a toll on the environment. It leads to smog, which reduces visibility, harms plant life, and accelerates climate change by contributing to global warming.

    It is high time that both the government and the public take significant steps to curb air pollution. Stringent regulations should be enforced on industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and agricultural practices. Furthermore, public awareness campaigns need to be initiated to educate people on the importance of reducing their carbon footprint.

    I urge you to use your esteemed platform to raise awareness on this issue and encourage action from the concerned authorities. It is crucial that we take immediate steps to protect both our health and the environment for future generations.

    Thank you for your time and consideration.

    Yours faithfully,
    [Your Signature]
    Mr. Arvind Kumar

    2. Write a Sample letter to the Editor of a Newspaper to Highlight the issue of open manholes.

    Rajive Pal
    45 Shanti Nagar, Lajpat Nagar,
    New Delhi, 110024
    rajivepal@gmail.com
    4528568257

    12-Jan-2025

    The Editor
    Hindustan Times – New Delhi
    Pine code- 110001

    Subject: Urgent Need to Address the Issue of Open Manholes in the City

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to draw attention to a pressing issue that affects the safety and well-being of the residents of New Delhi—the increasing number of open manholes on our streets. These open manholes pose a serious threat to pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists alike, especially during the night or in times of heavy rainfall when visibility is low.

    The situation is particularly alarming in areas such as Karol Bagh, South Extension, where several manholes have been left uncovered for weeks. Despite repeated complaints from concerned citizens, no substantial action has been taken by the local authorities. These open manholes not only disrupt the smooth flow of traffic but also endanger the lives of the people, especially children and the elderly.

    There have already been instances of accidents and injuries, and it is only a matter of time before a major tragedy occurs if the situation is not addressed immediately. I urge the concerned authorities to take prompt action by covering these manholes and ensuring regular maintenance to prevent such occurrences in the future.

    I hope your esteemed newspaper will highlight this issue to raise awareness and encourage swift action from the authorities.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rajive Pal
    [Your Signature]

    3. Write a Sample letter to the Editor regarding Frequent Breakdown of Electricity.

    Farman Salmani
    House 7, Street 15
    Dwarka, Delhi
    farmansalmani@gmail.com
    4526385462

    Date: 12-Jan-2025

    The Editor
    The Telegraph
    Lajput Road, Prayagraj

    Subject: Frequent Breakdown of Electricity in Park Street

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to bring attention to the ongoing issue of frequent electricity breakdowns in our area, Park Street. The situation has become unbearable as we are experiencing constant power cuts, often without any prior notice or adequate explanation from the electricity department.

    These power cuts are not only affecting the daily lives of residents but also causing significant disruption to businesses, students’ studies, and the overall functioning of households. Many residents, including the elderly and those with health conditions, are finding it difficult to manage during long hours of power outage, especially during extreme weather conditions.

    Despite numerous complaints and grievances filed with the local electricity board, the issue remains unresolved. Temporary fixes have been applied, but the root cause of the problem seems to be neglected. This persistent breakdown of electricity also increases the risk of damage to electrical appliances due to fluctuating voltage levels.

    I urge the authorities to take immediate and effective steps to improve the electricity supply in our area, ensure proper maintenance of transformers and cables, and establish a reliable system for addressing public concerns. Timely communication regarding scheduled power cuts and any maintenance work should also be provided to the residents.

    I hope your esteemed newspaper will highlight this issue and encourage swift action from the concerned authorities to resolve the matter promptly.

    Thank you for your time and attention.

    Yours sincerely,
    Farman Salmani
    [Your Signature]

  • Application for closing Bank Account Format and Sample

    Learn sample letter and format for application for closing Bank Account to branch managaer or bank manager.

    1. Write a Letter for Closing Account in Bank.

    Shivani
    333 Springfield Lane Street
    Faridabad – New Delhi
    Shivani@gmail.com
    4786253451
    15-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    Canara Bank
    Canara Bank Building, 112, J C Road,
    Dwarka, New Delhi

    Subject: Request for Closure of Bank Account

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request the closure of my bank account with your branch. Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder Name: Shivani
    • Account Number: 1285 2563 5478 5689
    • Branch Name: Canara Bank, Ulsoor, Bangalore

    I request you to kindly close my account and transfer any remaining balance to the following account:

    • Account Number (for transfer): 4521 6352 4521 4578
    • Bank Name: Union Bank of India
    • Branch Name: Union Bank of India

    Please also provide me with a confirmation letter stating the closure of the account.

    I request you to proceed with the closure as soon as possible and inform me of any further formalities, if required.

    Thank you for your assistance in this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Shivani
    [Signature]


    2. Write a letter to Bank manager for closing Account.

    Ms. Neha Gupta
    23, Model Town,
    Naya Sarai Road, Meerut
    Nehagupta@gmail.com
    4785632545

    Date: 01-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    State Bank of India (SBI)
    Branch Name: SBI Connaught Place, New Delhi

    Subject: Request for Closure of Bank Account

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to formally request the closure of my bank account with your branch. Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder Name: Mr. Neha Gupta
    • Account Number: 1245 4785 2365 4785
    • Account Type: Savings

    I would like to close this account and request you to transfer any remaining balance to my other bank account. I also request you to issue me a confirmation of the account closure.

    Please find attached the necessary documents, including my identity proof and account passbook, to facilitate the closure process. If any further formalities are required, kindly let me know, and I will comply.

    I would appreciate it if the closure process could be completed at your earliest convenience.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Mr. Neha Gupta
    [Signature]

  • Write a relieving letter :Format and Samples

    Sample letters and format for Relieving letter is provided here. Sample letters include reliving letter request from Employee, Relieving mail and relieving letter from an employee.

    1. Write a Reliving letter request from Employee.

    Dear Rahul Kumar,

    I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to formally request my relieving letter following my resignation from IIT Limited Pvt Ltd, effective Saturday. As per the terms of my notice period, I have completed all necessary handovers and responsibilities during my time at the company.

    I kindly request you to provide me with my relieving letter at your earliest convenience, as it will be required for my future employment. I would also appreciate any assistance in clearing any remaining formalities from my end.

    Thank you for your support throughout my tenure at IIT Limited Pvt Ltd. I have enjoyed my time working with the team and value the experiences gained.

    Looking forward to your prompt response.

    Warm regards,
    Ankit Dhiman
    RH125463
    1254632552
    12-Jan-2025

    2. Write a letter Relieving mail.

    Subject: Request for Issuance of Relieving Letter

    Dear Balram Singh,

    I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to formally request the issuance of my relieving letter following the completion of my notice period with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). As you are aware, my last working day was Saturday, 12-Jan-2025 and I have successfully completed all the formalities, including handing over my responsibilities.

    I would greatly appreciate it if the relieving letter could be provided at your earliest convenience, as it is required for my future employment purposes. Please let me know if any additional information or documents are needed from my side to process the same.

    Thank you for your support and guidance during my tenure at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). I have truly enjoyed my time here and learned a great deal. I hope to keep in touch and wish the team continued success.

    Looking forward to your prompt response.

    Best regards,
    Sadiya Choudhary
    Software Engineer
    452635821
    Employee ID, 125471

    3. Write a Relieving letter from Employee.

    Date: 08-Jan-2025

    To,
    Recipient’s Name: Mr. Rajiv Sharma
    Designation: HR Manager
    Company Name: Global Tech Solutions
    Company Address: Charthawal, Muzaffarnagar

    Subject: Resignation and Request for Relieving Letter

    Dear Mr. Rajiv Sharma,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to formally resign from my position as Senior Software Engineer at Tech Innovators Pvt. Ltd., effective Last Working Day was Tuesday 14-Jan-2025.

    I have had a fulfilling experience working with Tech Innovators Pvt. Ltd and appreciate the opportunities and support provided during my tenure. However, due to career growth, I have decided to pursue other career opportunities.

    I request you to kindly issue my relieving letter, settle any pending dues, and provide me with my experience letter. I will ensure a smooth transition of my responsibilities during the notice period and am willing to help in the handover process to my successor.

    Thank you once again for the guidance and opportunities I received here. I look forward to maintaining a positive relationship with Tech Innovators Pvt. Ltd in the future.

    Yours sincerely,
    Amjad Khan
    RH1254
    2536348452

  • Application for ATM Card Formats and Sample

    Sample letter and format of Application. Here we have given sample letters for new ATM Card issue Application, bank statement, Bank letter statement request for IT returns, account statement for loan application and bank statement for scholarship.

    1. Write a Sample letter for New ATM Card issue Application.

    Sameer Khan
    House 5, Street 3
    Mahanagar, Lucknow
    2563452851
    Sameerkhan@gmail.com

    06-Jan-2025

    Kotak Mahindra Bank
    Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd, C-2, 2nd Floor,
    Begum Bagh, Meerut

    Subject: Request for Issuance of New ATM Card

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request the issuance of a new ATM card for my account with your bank. Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder Name: Sameer khan
    • Account Number: 1234 5678 9101 1122
    • Branch Name: Mumbai Main Branch

    Due to loss of the previous ATM card I am unable to use my existing ATM card. I kindly request that a new ATM card be issued at the earliest.

    Please let me know if any additional information or documentation is required for processing my request. I would appreciate it if you could process this request promptly.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your swift response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Sameer Khan
    [Your Signature ]

    2. Write a letter Bank Statement.

    Anjali Saini
    House 8, Street 5
    Purkazi, Muzaffarnagar
    Anjalisaini@gmail.com
    2546352862

    07-Jan-2025

    The Branch Manager
    Punjab National Bank (PNB)
    7 Bhikaji Cama Place, Sardar Patel Marg,
    Muzaffarnagar- 110066

    Subject: Request for Bank Statement

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request a bank statement for my account for the period from 11-Jan-2025 to 15-Jan-2025.

    Please find my account details below:

    • Account Holder Name: Anjali Saini
    • Account Number: 1254 8533 6978 5412
    • Branch Name: Shivaji Nagar Branch

    I kindly request you to provide the bank statement either via email or in printed form at your earliest convenience. If any additional formalities or charges are required, please do let me know.

    Thank you for your attention to this request. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Anjali Saini
    [Signature ]

    3. Write a Bank statement request letter for IT returns.

    Rajendra Kumar
    Rohta Road, Meerut
    rajendrakumar@gmail.com
    8574623545
    12-Jan-2025

    The Branch Manager
    Union Bank of India
    Naini, Prayagraj

    Subject: Request for Bank Statement for Income Tax Return

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request a copy of my bank statement for the period of 14-Jan-2025 to 14-Jan-2025 to file my Income Tax Return for the financial year 2025. The statement is required for verification of transactions and other necessary documentation as per the Income Tax department’s requirements.

    Please find below my account details for your reference:

    • Account Holder Name: Rajendra Kumar
    • Account Number: 1254 2563 1452 6352
    • Branch Name: MG Road Branch

    I would appreciate it if you could provide the requested statement at your earliest convenience. Should you require any additional documents or information to process this request, please do not hesitate to contact me.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your prompt response.

    Yours faithfully,
    Rajendra Kumar
    [Your Signature]

    4. Write a Application for Account statement for loan application.

    Aasif Alvi
    239, Vidhan Bhawan, Mandvi,
    Ganga Nagar, Meerut
    2541526345
    Aasifalvi.@gmail.com
    02-Jan-2025

    To
    The Branch Manager
    Kotak Mahindra Bank
    Civil Lines, Prayagraj

    Subject: Request for Account Statement for Loan Application

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to kindly request an account statement for my current account with your branch for the purpose of applying for a loan.

    Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder Name: Aasif Alvi
    • Account Number: 2141 5263 5482 5266
    • Branch Name: Sector 15 Branch

    I require the statement for the past 1 year to complete my loan application process. Please provide me with a copy of the statement at your earliest convenience.

    If any further details are required, kindly let me know. I would greatly appreciate your prompt assistance in this matter.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours sincerely,
    Aasif Alvi
    [Your Signature]

    3. Write a letter requesting Bank statement for Scholarship.

    Irfan Choudhary
    House 8, Street 12
    Sardhana, Meerut
    914857698548
    Irfan@gmail.com
    12-April-22

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    Canara Bank
    Canara Bank Building,
    112, J C Road, Meerut

    Subject: Request for Bank Statement for Scholarship Application

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request a bank statement for the past 6 months for my account held with your branch. The statement is required as part of the documentation for my scholarship application.

    Below are the details of my account:

    • Account Holder Name: Irfan Choudhary
    • Account Number: 8574 4578 9632 4512
    • Branch Name: Shivaji Nagar Branch

    I would be grateful if you could kindly provide the requested bank statement at your earliest convenience. If there are any formalities or charges associated with this request, kindly let me know, and I will comply promptly.

    Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Irfan Choudhary
    [Your Signature]

  • Job Application Format and Examples

    Sample letter and format of writing job applications. Learn how to write job application for cryptographer and English teacher for High school. A sample job application in mail template is also provided.

    1. Write a formal letter of job Application for the position of cryptographer.

    Ankit Dhiman
    House 8, Street 6
    Naini, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
    Ankit.Dhima@gmail.com
    2546823352

    Date: January 17, 2025

    Hiring Manager
    Allied Nippon Limited
    E-17/18, Industrial Area, Naini, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh – 211008

    Subject: Application for the Position of Cryptographer

    Dear Sudheer Kumar

    I am writing to express my interest in the position of Cryptographer at Allied Nippon Limited as advertised on Company Website. With my background in computer science and extensive experience in cryptography, I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to your team.

    I hold a degree in B.Tech in Computer Science from Delhi University and have worked on various projects involving encryption algorithms, secure communication protocols, and data protection. My experience includes working with cryptographic libraries, developing secure encryption systems, and analyzing potential vulnerabilities in existing systems. I am skilled in programming languages such as Java, Python have a deep understanding of both symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques.

    I am particularly drawn to this opportunity because of the type of projects they handle. I am excited about the prospect of joining your team and contributing to your efforts in enhancing cybersecurity solutions.

    Enclosed is my resume, which provides further details about my qualifications and experience. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my skills align with the needs of your team in more detail. Please feel free to contact me at 912546823352 or via email at Ankit.Dhima@gmail.com to schedule an interview.

    Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to speak with you.

    Sincerely,
    Ankit Dhiman

    2. Write a Sample job Application letter for the post of High School English teacher.

    Varsha
    123, Bright Lane Street
    New Delhi, Delhi, 110001
    Varsha@gmail.com
    9876543210

    Date: January 15, 2025

    Hiring Manager
    Greenfield High School
    456, School Road
    Hapour Road, Meerut 110002

    Subject: Application for the Position of High School Teacher

    Dear Amit Gupta

    I am writing to express my interest in the position of High School Teacher at Greenfield High School, as advertised on your website. I believe my qualifications, experience, and passion for teaching make me a strong candidate for this role.

    I hold a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) degree from Delhi University and have taught at various schools for over 2 years. I specialize in English and have a proven track record of helping students excel in their academics. My teaching philosophy revolves around creating an engaging and inclusive learning environment that promotes the development of both academic skills and personal growth.

    I am highly skilled in lesson planning, classroom management, and developing interactive teaching methods to cater to different learning styles. I am also adept at using modern educational technology to enhance lessons and facilitate distance learning. My experience in student assessments, extracurricular activities, and parent-teacher communication would be an asset to your school.

    I am particularly interested in joining Greenfield High School because of its strong academic reputation and commitment to nurturing well-rounded students. I would love the opportunity to contribute to the continued success of your students and school community.

    I have enclosed my resume for your review. I would be delighted to further discuss how my qualifications and experiences align with your needs. Please feel free to contact me at +91 9876543210 or via email at Varsha@gmail.com to schedule an interview.

    Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to the possibility of working with your esteemed institution.

    Sincerely,
    Varsha

    3. Write a Sample Job Application mail Template.

    Subject: Application for Software Developer – Robin

    Dear Ravi Kumar

    I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to express my interest in the Software Developer position at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) as advertised on Company Website.

    I am a highly motivated and skilled professional with experience in Software Developer. I have attached my resume for your review, which provides detailed information about my qualifications, experience, and skills that align with the requirements of the position. I am confident that my 2 year experience would be an asset to your team.

    I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and would love to further discuss how my background and skills can be a good fit for this role. Please feel free to contact me at 2563415478 or via email at your convenience.

    Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of working with your team.

    Best regards,
    Robin
    [Your LinkedIn Profile or Portfolio (if applicable)]
    2563487522

  • Complaint letter format to Authority

    Sample letters and format of Complaint letter. Learn how to complain about poor maintenance of the garden and improper waste disposal, damaged product received and Installation of new street lights.

    1. Write a Complaint letter of Poor maintenance of the garden and improper waste disposal.

    Sana Khan, Shiv temple street
    Civil Lines Road, Uttar Pradesh
    sanakhan@gmail.com
    4526352744
    16-Jan-2025

    The Municipal Officer
    East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC)
    East Delhi Municipal Corporation, 419, Shakti Kendra, Patparganj, New Delhi – 110092

    Subject: Complaint Regarding Poor Maintenance of the Garden and Improper Waste Disposal

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to express my concern about the poor maintenance of the garden and the improper waste disposal in our locality, 25 Hillcrest Road, San Francisco, CA 94102. The garden, which is an essential part of our community, is in a deplorable condition. The plants are overgrown, and the pathways are full of weeds and litter. This not only spoils the aesthetic beauty of our neighborhood but also poses a health hazard.

    In addition, waste disposal in the area has become a serious issue. The garbage bins are often overflowing, and waste is scattered around the area. This uncleanliness attracts stray animals and insects, creating an unhygienic environment and causing a potential health risk to the residents.

    I request that immediate action be taken to restore the garden to its proper condition and ensure that waste is collected and disposed of regularly. Timely intervention will help in improving the quality of life in our neighborhood.

    Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

    Yours sincerely,
    Sana Khan
    [Your Signature]

    2. Write a Complaint letter to Damaged Product Received.

    Sarita
    32, Nehru Place,
    New Delhi – 110019
    sarita@gamil.com
    912352634562
    07-Jan-2025

    Customer Service Department
    Amazon
    Building 2
    Info Park Street 6
    Hapur Road, Meerut
    Code : 122002

    Subject: Complaint Regarding Damaged Product Received

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to inform you that I have received a damaged product from your company. I had placed an order for a makup item on 12-May-21 and received it on 16-May-21. Unfortunately, upon opening the package, I noticed that the product was damaged and unusable.

    The specific issues with the product are as follows:

    The product I received had a large crack on the screen and multiple scratches on the body, rendering it unusable.

    I kindly request a replacement for the damaged product or a full refund at your earliest convenience. I have attached photos of the damaged item and the packaging as evidence.

    Please let me know the steps I need to take for the replacement or refund process. I expect a swift resolution to this issue and appreciate your prompt attention to the matter.

    Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. I look forward to your response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Sarita
    Order No. 45
    7- Jan-21
    [Your Signature]

    3. Write a Complaint letter Installation of New street lights.

    Rajesh Kumar
    House No. 15, Street 5
    New Delhi
    RajeshKumar@gmail.dom
    2365854263
    11-Jan-2025

    The Municipal Officer
    Sandeep Kumar
    Dr. S.P. Mukherjee Civic Centre,
    Minto Road, New Delhi – 110002

    Subject: Request for Installation of New Street Lights

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to bring to your attention the urgent need for the installation of new street lights in 15 River Road, Dallas, TX 75201 in our locality. For the past few months, the street has been poorly lit, which has resulted in various inconveniences for the residents, especially during the night. The absence of proper lighting has also raised concerns about the safety and security of the neighborhood, as it creates opportunities for accidents and unsocial activities.

    As a concerned resident, I kindly request you to take prompt action and install adequate street lights in the area to ensure the safety and well-being of the residents. Your attention to this matter would be greatly appreciated.

    Thank you for your cooperation and timely assistance.

    Yours sincerely,
    Rajesh Kumar
    [Your Signature]

  • Invitation letter for Events

    Sample letters and format for invitation. Learn how to write invitation letter for Graduation ceremony and invitation letter for a weeding.

    1. Write Invitation letter for Event-formal invitation letter for Graduation Ceremony.

    Ankit Dhimay
    Event Coordinator
    Bright Future University
    123, University Road
    New Delhi, Delhi, 110001

    Date: 03-Jan-2025

    Subject: Invitation to Graduation Ceremony

    Dear Rahul Kumar

    I am pleased to extend a formal invitation to you to attend the Bright Future University’s Graduation Ceremony for the Class of 2025, which will be held on 18-Jan-2025 at 10:00 AM at The Grand Auditorium, Bright Future University Campus, New Delhi.

    This ceremony marks a significant milestone for our students, celebrating their hard work, dedication, and achievements. Your presence at this event would greatly honor us and our graduates, and we sincerely hope you will be able to join us on this special occasion.

    Please RSVP by 10-Jan-2025 to confirm your attendance. We look forward to celebrating this important day with you.

    Thank you, and we hope to see you at the event.

    Sincerely,
    Ankit Dhiman
    Event Coordinator
    Bright Future University

    2. Write a Informal Invitation letter for a wedding.

    Subject: You’re Invited to Our Wedding!

    Dear Sandeep Kumar

    I hope you’re doing well! I’m thrilled to share the exciting news that Deepa and I are getting married, and we would love for you to join us on our special day.

    Our wedding will take place on 25 March 2025 at The Royal Banquet Hall, starting at 5:30. It would mean so much to us to have you there to celebrate this joyous occasion and share in our happiness.

    We are planning a fun-filled celebration with lots of laughter, dancing, and, of course, delicious food. We can’t wait to celebrate with all our loved ones!

    Please let us know if you can make it, and feel free to bring your plus one. We really hope to see you there.

    With love,
    Shivam & Deepa

  • Letter to Principal – Leave application format

    Sample letters and format for writing a letter to Principal. Learn how to request principal for on duty leave application, permission to attend a family function, requesting leave for taking care of sick mother and conducting Re-examination.

    1. Request letter to Principal for an On Duty Leave Application of two days.

    Suhail
    11th class
    wagon Street 5
    Bypass, Muzaffarnagar
    12-Jan-2025

    The Principal
    S.D Groups of College
    Street 5
    Kukra Muzaffarnagar

    Subject: Request for On-Duty Leave for Two Days

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I am writing to request your permission to be granted on-duty leave for two days, from 12-Jan-2025 to 14-Jan- 2025, as I am required to attend a family function.

    I assure you that I will catch up on any missed lessons and complete all assigned work promptly. I would be grateful if you could kindly grant me this leave and provide your approval.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Suhail,
    11th Class
    Roll no. 12

    2. Write a letter to your Principal seeking permission to attend a family function.

    Manish
    12th Class
    Baker Street
    Hapou Road, Meerut
    02-Jan-2025

    The Principal
    Evergreen Public School
    45 Green Avenue, Springfield, IL 62701
    Hapour Road, Meerut

    Subject: Request for Permission to Attend a Family Function

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request your permission to be excused from school for 03-Jan-2025 to 04-Jan-2025 as I need to attend an important family function.

    I assure you that I will make up for the missed lessons and complete all assignments promptly. I would be grateful if you could kindly grant me leave for these days.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your approval.

    Yours sincerely,
    Manish
    12th Class
    Roll No: 42

    3. Write a letter to the Principal of your School Requesting leave for a week to take care of your sick mother.

    Kaviya
    10th Class
    Street 6
    Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075
    17-Jan-2025

    The Principal
    Maple Grove School
    56 Maple Grove Lane, Lincoln, NE 168502
    Sakat, New Delhi

    Subject: Request for Leave to Take Care of Sick Mother

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request leave for a week, from 18-Jan-2025 to 25-Jan-2025 as my mother is unwell, and I need to take care of her during this time.

    Given the circumstances, I would be grateful if you could kindly grant me leave for this period. I assure you that I will catch up on all missed lessons and complete my assignments once I return.

    Thank you for your understanding and consideration. I look forward to your approval.

    Yours sincerely,
    Kaviya
    10th Class
    Roll No: 23

    4. Letter to your Principal seeking permission for a Re-examination.

    Abdul Vahid
    9th Class
    Street 6
    Sastri Road, Meerut
    05-Jan-2025

    The Principal
    Silver Oak High School
    88 Silver Oak Street, Riverside, CA 92501
    Hapour Road, Meerut

    Subject: Request for Permission to Appear in Re-Examination

    Respected Sir/Madam,

    I hope you are doing well. I am writing to respectfully request permission to appear for a re-examination of English which I missed due to illness. I understand the importance of the examination and sincerely regret my inability to attend it.

    I would be grateful if you could kindly allow me the opportunity to take the re-examination and make up for the missed paper. I assure you that I will give my best effort in the re-examination.

    Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response.

    Yours sincerely,
    Abdul Vahid
    9th Class
    Roll No: 20

  • Authorization letter format for Post Office

    Sample letter and format of authorization letter. Letters like Application letter to collect Registered Post, to collect certificate and Authorization letter format for Bank are provided here to increase your English writing skills.

    1. Application letter to collect Registered Post.

    Soniya
    House 6, Street 2
    Shastri Nagar, Meerut
    Pine code : 682001.
    9152634523
    soinya126@gmail.com

    12-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Postmaster
    Meerut GPO (General Post Office)
    29, Hapur Road, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250001

    Subject: Authorization to Collect Registered Post

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I Soniya, hereby authorize Vijay Kumar, who is my relative to collect the registered post addressed to me at your office.

    Details of the registered post are as follows:

    Registered Post Number: RP123456789IN

    Date of Dispatch: 12th January 2025

    Vijay Kumar will present a valid identification proof along with this authorization letter for verification.

    I request you to kindly hand over the registered post to the authorized person mentioned above.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Soniya
    [Your Signature]

    2. Authorization letter to collect certificate.

    Ankit Dhiman
    House 8, Street 3
    Hazratganj Lucknow
    9145235221
    ankit127@gmail.com

    Date: 02-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Head of Department,
    Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University
    Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh – 226031

    Subject: Application for Collecting Certificate

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I, Ankit Dhiman, am writing to authorize Sandeep Kumar, who is my friend, to collect my “Certificate of Excellence in Computer Science” from your office on my behalf. Due to personal commitments, so I am unable to collect the certificate myself.

    The details of the certificate are as follows:

    • Certificate Name: Ankit Dhiman
    • Roll Number/Student ID: R12345
    • Date of Issue: 12- Jan-21

    The authorized person, Sandeep Kumar, will present a valid identification proof along with this letter for verification.

    I request you to kindly hand over the certificate to the authorized person mentioned above.

    Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Ankit Kumar
    [ Your Signature]

    3. Authorization letter format for Bank.

    Mahin
    House 3, Big Mosque Street
    Naini, Prayagraj
    9145263524
    Mahin@gmail.com

    11-Jan-2025

    To,
    The Branch Manager
    Bank Name: State Bank of India (SBI)
    Branch Name: SBI MG Road Branch
    Address: 123, MG Road, Near Brigade Road,
    City: Delhi
    State: Uttar Pradesh
    Pin Code: 110001

    Subject: Authorization to Collect Documents,

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    I am Mahin holding an account with your branch Account Number: 1234567890123456, hereby authorize Monish, who is my friend to collect my passbook on my behalf.

    The details of the authorization are as follows:

    • Account Number: 1234567890123456
    • Authorized Person’s Name: Monish
    • Relationship with Authorized Person: Friend
    • Purpose of Authorization: collect my passbook

    Monish will present a valid photo ID Aadhaar Card along with this authorization letter for verification.

    I kindly request you to assist the authorized person in completing the required formalities.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Yours faithfully,
    Mahin
    [Your Signature]


  • Writing a letter to your friend

    Sample letters and formats in English for writing to your friend. Learn how to describe your summer holiday, ancestral house, hobbies, birthday party, and school trip in about 200 words. These letters are ideal for school exams and competitive exams, helping you enhance your letter-writing skills with practical examples.

    1. Letter to your friend about your Summer Holidays.

    Flat 113, Sector 12
    Dwarka, New Delhi
    14- Jan- 25

    Dear, Amit

    I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to share all the amazing things I did during my summer holidays. It was such a refreshing break, and I can’t wait to tell you about it!

    This summer, my family and I took a trip to Paris. The weather was perfect, and we spent most of our days exploring the beautiful surroundings. We visited Eiffel Tower and it was breathtaking! I also tried some new activities like Take a Photography, and I was surprised by how much fun I had.

    Apart from that, I spent a lot of time reading and catching up on my favorite shows. It felt so good to relax and not worry about school for a while. I even picked up a new hobby – Painting, and I think I’m really getting the hang of it.

    How about you? How did you spend your summer? I’d love to hear all about your adventures and any exciting things you’ve been up to.

    Looking forward to seeing you soon!

    Warm regards,
    Vikas


    2. Letter to your friend about Lockdown.

    House Number 11,
    Mandir Vali Gali, Kukra
    Muzaffar agar
    23-Dec-21

    Dear Sadiya,

    I hope you and your family are doing well during these uncertain times. I wanted to write and check in with you, especially with everything that’s been going on due to the lockdown.

    This lockdown period has been quite a challenge, hasn’t it? Staying indoors for such a long time felt strange at first, but I’ve slowly adjusted. It’s been a mix of boredom, anxiety, and learning to appreciate the little things. I’ve found myself doing things I normally wouldn’t, like baking, reading more books, and even trying yoga!

    The biggest challenge has been not being able to meet friends and family. I miss hanging out with you and everyone. Video calls help, but it’s not the same, is it? On the bright side, I’ve been spending more time with my family, and we’ve grown closer. We play board games, watch movies, and even do some home workouts together.

    How have you been managing? I hope you’re finding ways to stay positive and keep yourself occupied. It feels like such a long time since we were all together, and I really miss that. Hopefully, once things settle down, we’ll be able to meet and have some normalcy again.

    Stay safe, and take care of yourself and your family. Looking forward to hearing from you soon!

    Warm regards,
    Sofiya

    3. Letter to your friend about Describing your Ancestral House.

    House number 9, Street
    Sleepy Hollow, New York
    11- jan-25

    Dear Utsav,

    I hope you are doing well. I wanted to share something special with you today – the experience of visiting my ancestral house. It’s a place that holds so much history and nostalgia for me, and I think you’ll enjoy hearing about it.

    The house is located in Sleepy Hollow, and it’s been in our family for generations. It’s a traditional home, made of like wood or stone and Ancestral things, with old-style architecture that reminds me of a simpler time. The front yard is massive, filled with ancient trees, and there’s even a small garden where my grandparents used to grow vegetables and flowers. I remember them telling me stories of how they used to harvest crops right from the backyard.

    Inside, the house is a mix of old and new. The furniture is mostly wooden, and some pieces are over a hundred years old! The walls are adorned with family photos, and there’s a certain warmth in the air that makes me feel connected to my roots. The kitchen is especially fascinating – it’s still equipped with an old clay stove that my great-grandmother used to cook on. Even though we have modern appliances now, it’s lovely to imagine how meals were prepared back in the day.

    One of my favorite parts is the attic, where all sorts of antiques are stored – old trunks, faded books, and even a few traditional garments that have been passed down through generations. It feels like stepping into a time capsule.

    Spending time here always gives me a sense of belonging and pride in my family’s history. It’s amazing to think about the generations that lived here before me, each adding their own memories and stories to the house.

    I hope you’ll get to visit one day – I’d love to show you around! Have you ever visited your ancestral home? I’d love to hear about it if you have.

    Take care, and I hope to see you soon!

    Warm regards,
    Ankit

    4. Letter to your friend about your Hobby.

    14- Warli Road
    Parel, Mumbai,
    1-January-25

    Dear Varsha,

    I hope you’re doing well! I wanted to share something interesting with you today – my hobby. Over the past few months, I’ve gotten really into painting, gardening, photography, etc. and it has become a big part of my daily routine.

    It all started when I was looking for something creative and relaxing to do in my free time. I came across and I discovered my hobby Singing, painting, etc. and I thought I’d give it a try. To my surprise, I enjoyed it more than I expected! Now, I spend hours singing, painting different landscapes, taking photos of nature, or tending to my plants.

    One of the things I love most about painting is how it allows me to unwind and express myself. For example, when I’m painting, I feel like I can put all my thoughts and emotions into the colors and shapes. It’s such a peaceful and fulfilling experience.

    I’ve also been learning new techniques by watching tutorials or reading books. It’s exciting to see myself improving bit by bit, and I’m really proud of the progress I’ve made. I even like completing a project, doing work with focus or mastering a new skill.

    What about you? Do you have any hobbies you’ve been enjoying recently? I’d love to hear all about them. Maybe we can even try each other’s hobbies sometime!

    Looking forward to hearing from you.

    Take care,
    Reena

    5. Letter to your friend about Describing your Birthday Party.

    House number 8, Street 7
    Meerut, Uttarpradesh
    21-January-25

    Dear Sundeep,

    I hope you’re doing well! I wanted to tell you all about my birthday party this year, which was an absolute blast.

    The party was held at my house, and I invited my close friends and family. We decorated the place with colorful balloons, streamers, and fairy lights, creating such a fun atmosphere. The theme of the party was the theme is Pink or purple balloons, tiaras, castles, and fairy lights etc. and it really set the tone for the evening.

    There were games, music, and of course, lots of food! We played a few fun party games like Balloon Pop, Tug of War and everyone was laughing and having a great time. The highlight, however, was the cake! It was a chocolate flavor, Butterfly design, and everyone loved it.

    I also received some amazing gifts, and I felt so grateful to have such thoughtful friends and family. We danced to our favorite songs, enjoyed delicious food, and spent the whole evening talking and having fun. The best part was when we all gathered around for the birthday song – I felt so loved and happy.

    I really missed you being there, and I can’t wait for us to celebrate together next time. How have you been? I’d love to hear about what you’ve been up to.

    Looking forward to seeing you soon!

    Warm regards,
    Kamil

    6. Letter to your friend about your School trip.

    House number 5 , Street 56
    Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
    7-May-2025

    Dear Sita

    I hope this letter finds you well! I wanted to share with you the exciting experience I had during our recent school trip. It was a fantastic adventure, and I can’t wait to tell you all about it!

    This year, our school organized a trip to a museum and it was such an amazing experience. We left early in the morning and traveled by bus, enjoying the scenic views along the way. The journey itself was fun, and we had plenty of time to chat, play games, and even sing songs during the ride.

    When we reached museum, we were greeted by our guide who took us on a tour of the place. The most exciting part was visiting a museum, “I saw many historical and cultural things there, where I learned so much about “The most interesting thing I learned was that the museum had a lot of information about ancient civilizations, which I didn’t know before.”. It was amazing to see history come to life right in front of my eyes.

    We also had some free time to explore the area, and I spent it with my friends many activities like shopping, taking photos, hiking. The food was delicious, and we had a great time bonding with our classmates and teachers.

    The trip was not just fun, but it also helped me learn new things and appreciate the beauty of nature and history. I really wish you had been there to enjoy it with me!

    How about you? Have you gone on any trips lately? I’d love to hear all about it. Hope we get to go on a trip together soon!

    Take care and see you soon!

    Best wishes,
    Deepa

  • Adjective in English Grammar with Examples

    Adjectives is one of the important concepts of English Grammar and Spoken English. Here we have presented our content in Hindi and English, which provides all the needed learning.

    इन वाक्यों को देखें –

    It is a good pen.
    He is brave.
    That is a fast train.
    They are bad persons.
    Milk is sweet.
    Sohan is not lazy.
    She is beautiful.
    A black cow was grazing.

    इन वाक्यों में आए शब्द good, fast, bad, beautiful, brave, sweet, lazy औऱ black विचार करें | ये शब्द वाक्यों में Noun/Pronoun की विशेषता बताते हैं | ऐसे शब्दों को Grammar की भाषा में Adjectives कहते हैं |

    Definition : Adjective वह शव्द है, जो किसी Noun या Pronoun की विशेषता बताता है |

    * An adjective qualifies a noun or a pronoun.
    * An adjectives is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun of a pronoun.

    ऊपर दी गई परिभाषा से यह स्पष्ट है कि Adjective एक describing word है | यह Noun और Pronoun की विशेषता बताता है |

    Note : some, food, all thing, much, water, several questions, six boys, any boys, this book, which boy, her sister, each man, what work, इत्यादि expressions में some, all, much, several, six, any, this, which, her, each और what Adjectives के रूप में प्रयुक्त की विशेषता बताते है | ऐसे Adjectives को आसानी इनके स्थानों से पहचाना जा सकता है | जैसे, इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें –

    I have red pens.
    I have a lot of pens.
    I have six pens.
    I have several pens.

    यहाँ red तो Adjective है ही; a lot of, six और several भी Adjectives है, क्योंकि ये किसी भी सामान्य Adjective की भाँति Noun के ठीक पहले प्रयुक्त हुए हैं |

    Kinds of the Adjectives: Adjective के निम्नलिखित प्रमुख भेद हैं
    1. Adjectives of Quality (गुणवाचक विशेषण)
    2. Adjectives of Quantity (परिमाणवाचक विशेषण)
    3. Adjectives of Number (संख्यावाचक विशेषण)
    4. Demonstrative Adjectives (संकेतवाचक विशेषण)
    5. Possessive Adjectives (सबंधवाचक विशेषण)
    6. Distributive Adjectives (व्यष्टिवाचक विशेषण)
    7. Interrogative Adjectives (प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण)
    8. Proper Adjectives (व्यक्तिवाचक विशेषण)
    9. Emphasizing Adjectives
    10. Exclamatory Adjectives

    1. Adjectives of Quality

    Adjectives of Quality से किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के गुण का बोध होता है |

    * Adjectives of quality show the quality of a person or thing.

    Examples : good, bad, weak, strong, kind cruel, sweet, bitter, thin, fat, long, short, hot, cold, beautiful, red, brown, etc.

    इन शब्दों में से कुछ का प्रयोग इन वाक्यों में देखें –

    Ram is a good boy.
    The table is long.
    It is very cold.
    She is beautiful.
    The pen is red.
    He was a kind man.

    2. Adjectives of Quantity

    Adjectives of Quantity से मात्रा या परिणाम का बोध होता है |
    * Adjectives of Quantity show how much of a thing is meant.

    इन वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त some (कुछ), much (अधिक), little (नहीं के बराबर), whole (पुरा), all (सब), enough (पर्याप्त), और a lot of (बहुत) Adjectives of Quantity हैंं –

    He had some/little/no/enough/a lot of rice.
    The whole money was distributed.
    He did not eat any rice.

    Note : ऐसे और भी कई Adjectives of Quantity हैं यहाँ एक बात विशेष रूप से रखनी है कि Adjectives of Quantity से मात्रा या परीणाम का बोध होता है, संख्या का नहीं इनमें से all, no, some, इत्यादि कुछ ऐसे शब्द है | जिनका प्रयोग संख्या का बोध कराने में भी होता है | वैसी स्थिति में Adjectives के रूप में जब इनका प्रयोग होता है, तब इन्हें Adjectives of Number कहा जाता है जैसे, इन वाक्यों में some, all और no Adjectives of Number हैं –

    Some boys are absent today.
    All men are mortal.
    There are no pictures in this book.

    3. Adjectives of Number

    Adjectives of Number से व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं की संख्या या क्रम का बोध होता है

    * Adjectives of number show how many persons or things are meant, or in what order a person stands.

    इन वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त few, no, many, some, enough, several, all, one, two, first और second
    Adjectives of Number हैं –

    He had few/no/many/some/several/enough/two horses.
    All men must die.
    The cat has one tail ant two eyes.
    He was the first/second man.

    ऐसे ही अनेक Adjective of Number है | इनमें से कुछ का प्रयोग मात्रा या परिणाम का बोध कराने में भी होता है ऐसी स्थिति में जब ये Adjective के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते है, तब इन्हें Adjectives of Quantity कहा जाता हैं |

    Note1. Adjectives of Number के अंतर्गत आनेवाले शब्द one, two, three, four etc को Cardinals तथा first, second, third, fourth, fifth, six, etc. को ordinals कहते हैं |

    Note 2. Adjectives of Quantity और Adjectives of Number में कुछ शब्द ऐसे हैं जिनका प्रयोग Pronoun के रूप में भी होता है, पंरतु इस स्थिति में इनके साथ कोई Noun प्रयुक्त नहीं रहता जैसे –

    Some are born great.
    Many of them were killed.
    Any of them could do.
    Few escaped unhurt.
    All is/are mortal.
    One should do one’s duty.

    Note 3.

    I have some milk. (some-adjective of quantity)
    I have some mangoes. (some – adjective of number)
    Some of them are absent. (some -Indefinite pronoun)

    Exercise

    Direction: Tell which adjectives in the following sentences are adjectives of quality/adjectives of quantity /adjectives of number –

    Examples:

    (a) He was an old man. (old-Adjective of Quality)

    (b) Some boys are coming today. (some-Adjective of Number)

    (c) Some water might be there. (some -Adjective of Quantity)

    (d) Some are born great. (some-Pronoun great- Adjectives of Quality)

    1. All men must die.

    2. some boys are playing.

    3. I have some milk.

    4. Some are ill.

    5. There are six boys in the class.

    6. He asked me several questions.

    7. He was third man.

    8. The poor man had no money.

    9. There were no horses there.

    10. Many persons have not much money.

    11. I did not take any tea.

    12. I have enough books, but not enough time.

    13. He has little knowledge.

    14. Many of them were foolish.

    15. One must not praise oneself.

    16. Each of us has one month and two ears.

    17. All is mortal.

    18. The rich man had a lot horses.

    19. He had a lot of gold.

    20. Few cats like cold water.

    Answers:
    1. All men must die. → All – Adjective of Number

    2. Some boys are playing. → Some – Adjective of Number

    3. I have some milk. → Some – Adjective of Quantity

    4. Some are ill. → Some – Pronoun

    5. There are six boys in the class. → Six – Adjective of Number

    6. He asked me several questions. → Several – Adjective of Number

    7. He was the third man. → Third – Adjective of Number

    8. The poor man had no money. → Poor – Adjective of Quality

    9. There were no horses there. → No – Adjective of Number

    10. Many persons have not much money. → Many – Adjective of Number, Much – Adjective of Quantity

    11. I did not take any tea. → Any – Adjective of Quantity

    12. I have enough books, but not enough time. → Enough – Adjective of Number (for books), Adjective of Quantity (for time)

    13. He has little knowledge. → Little – Adjective of Quantity

    14. Many of them were foolish. → Many – Adjective of Number

    15. One must not praise oneself. → One – Adjective of Number

    16. Each of us has one mouth and two ears. → Each – Adjective of Number, One – Adjective of Number, Two – Adjective of Number

    17. All is mortal. → All – Pronoun

    18. The rich man had a lot of horses. → Rich – Adjective of Quality

    19. He had a lot of gold. → A lot of – Adjective of Quantity

    20. Few cats like cold water. → Few – Adjective of Number

    Explanation:
    Adjectives of Number tell us how many or the order of something (e.g., six, many, third).
    Adjectives of Quality describe the kind or quality of a noun (e.g., old, poor).
    Adjectives of Quantity describe how much of something is meant (e.g., some, little).

    4. Demonstrative Adjectives

    जिस Adjective का प्रयोग व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं को सुचित, इंगित या निर्देशित करने के लिए किया जाता है, उसे Demonstrative Adjective कहा जाता है |

    * The Adjective used to point out some persons or thing is called a demonstrative adjective.

    This, That These Those और Such मुख्य Demonstrative Adjectives हैं आगे दिए गए वाक्यों में इनके प्रयोग को देखें –

    This man will guide you.
    I did not like that woman.
    These/Those pens are mine.
    I hate such things.

    Note: जब This, That, These. Those और Such के साथ कोई प्रयुक्त नहीं रहता, तब ये Demonstrative Pronouns कहलाते हैं | जैसे, इन वाक्यों में This, That, These, Those और Such Demonstrative Pronouns हैं –

    This/That is Ram.
    These/Those are cats.
    Such was his reply.

    5. Possessive Adjectives

    Possessive Adjectives से अधिकार या सबंध का भाव व्यक्त होता है
    * Possessive adjectives show possession or relation.

    my, our, your, his, her, its और their Possessive Adjectives हैं इन वाक्यों में इनके प्रयोग को देखें –

    This is my/your/our/his/her/their school.
    Its colour is black.
    My mother is ill.

    Note: his का प्रयोग Pronoun के रूप में भी होता है, किंतु इस स्थिति में इसके साथ कोई Noun प्रयुक्त नहीं रहता जैसे –
    This is his. This book is his.

    6. Distributive Adjectives

    जब each, every, either और neither के ठीक बाद कोई Noun प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब इन्हें Distributive Adjectives कहा जाता है |

    * Each, every, either and neither are called distributive adjectives when they are followed by a noun.

    इन वाक्यों में each, every, either और neither का प्रयोग Distributive Adjective के रूप में हुआ है –

    Each boy had a pen.
    Every man has his own duty.
    Either pen will do.
    Neither way was safe.

    Note: जब each, either और neither के साथ कोई Noun प्रयुक्त नहीं रहता, तब इन्हेंं Distributive Pronouns कहा जाता है | जैसे – इन वाक्यों में each, either और neither Distributive Pronoun के रूप में प्रयुक्त हुए हैं –

    Each of the boys got a prize.
    Each took it in turn.
    Either of you can do.
    Neither of them won the match.

    7. Interrogative Adjectives

    जब what, which और whose किसी संज्ञा के साथ प्रयुक्त होकर प्रश्न किए जाने के काम आते हैं, तब इन्हें Interrogative Adjectives कहा जाता है |

    * What, which and whose are called interrogative adjectives when they are used with nouns to ask questions.

    इन वाक्यों में what, which और whose Interrogative Adjective के रूप में प्रयुक्त हुए हैं –

    What question did the teacher ask?
    Which box is yours?
    Whose book is this?

    Note: जैसा कि आप पहले देख चुके हैं, what, which और whose का प्रयोग Relative Pronoun और Interrogative Pronoun के रूप में भी होता है परंतु इस स्थिति में इनके साथ कोई Noun प्रयुक्त नहीं रहता |

    8. Proper Adjectives

    Proper Nouns से बने Adjectives को Proper Adjectives कहते हैं |
    * Adjectives made from proper nouns are called proper adjectives.

    इन वाक्यों को देखें –

    HE is an Indian student.
    Indian farmers are honest.
    American English is different from British English.
    Do you like the European culture?

    इन वक्यों में आए शब्द India, America, British, और European Proper Adjectives हैं, ये Proper Nouns India, America, Britain और Europe से बने हैं |

    9. Emphasizing Adjectives

    Own, very, same, very same, इत्यादि ऐसे Adjectives हैं जो किसी Noun के पहले होकर उस Noun पर बल (emphasis) देते हैं | ऐसे Adjectives Emphasizing Adjectives कहलाते हैं |

    * Own, very, same, very same, etc are such adjectives as are used to convey emphasis on the nouns that follow them. Such adjectives are called emphasizing adjectives.

    निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में इनके प्रयोग को देखें –

    I saw them with my own eyes. (अपनी आँखो से )
    This is the very book I wanted. (वही किताब )
    This is the same book I wanted. (बिल्कुल वही किताब)
    HE lived in the very same house for ten years. (उसी घर में)

    10. Exclamatory Adjectives

    जब what का प्रयोग Adjectives की तरह किसी Exclamatory Sentence में होता है , तब इसे Exclamatory Adjective कहा जाता है |

    * ‘What’ is called an exclamatory adjectives when it is used as an adjectives in an exclamatory sentence.

    इन वाक्यों में What का प्रयोग Exclamatory Adjectives के रूप में किया गया है –

    What folly!
    What an idea!
    What a piece of work is man!

    Exercise

    Direction: Pick out all the adjectives in the following sentences, and say to which class each of them belongs-

    Examples:

    This book is yours. (This-Demonstrative Adjective)

    Which way shall we go? (Which-Interrogative Adjective)

    1. Those books are hers.

    2. Those are her books.

    3. What is this?

    4. Each boy has a pen.

    5. Each of them got a prize.

    6. Either of you can do this work.

    7. We should love every man and woman.

    8. What colour do you like?

    9. Whose books are those?

    10. Which is your pen?

    11. He is an Indian.

    12. He is an Indian farmer.

    13. Mind your own business.

    14. This is the very pen I wanted.

    15. I have been using the same pen for two months.

    16. What a men!

    17. What folly!

    18. I don’t like its colour.

    19. What is good to me?

    20. I have found the book which I had lost.

    Answers:
    1. Those (Demonstrative Adjective)

    2. Those (Demonstrative Adjective), her (Possessive Adjective)

    3. This (Demonstrative Adjective)

    4. Each (Distributive Adjective)

    5. Each (Distributive Adjective)

    6. Either (Distributive Adjective)

    7. Every (Distributive Adjective)

    8. What (Interrogative Adjective)

    9. Whose (Interrogative Adjective), those (Demonstrative Adjective)

    10. Which (Interrogative Adjective), your (Possessive Adjective)

    11. Indian (Proper Adjective)

    12. Indian (Proper Adjective)

    13. Your (Possessive Adjective), own (Emphasizing Adjective)

    14. This (Demonstrative Adjective), very (Emphasizing Adjective)

    15. Same (Demonstrative Adjective)

    16. What (Exclamatory Adjective)

    17. What (Exclamatory Adjective)

    18. Its (Possessive Adjective)

    19. Good (Descriptive Adjective)

    20. The (Definite Article), which (Relative Adjective)

    Exercise

    Direction: Encircle all the adjectives used in these sentences-

    Examples:
    (a) Which boy won that prize?

    (b) The second man was very strong.

    (c) The poor man had little money.

    1. These pens are old.

    2. Those were beautiful eyes.

    3. Each man had some water to drink.

    4. Each of them had six horses.

    5. Few cats like cold water.

    6. The first man was asked several questions.

    7. All work is done.

    8. What time is it?

    9. Every man has duties.

    10. Which pen did you buy?

    11. Whose are these books?

    12. Whose horses are better than my horses?

    13. I have a lot of money.

    14. The fifth boy is very clever.

    15. No boy has red shoes.

    16. Some have not come yet.

    17. This is s Chinse watch.

    18. This is the very car I want.

    19. He was killed in his own house.

    20. What a fall!

    Answers:

    1. These pens are old.

    2. Those were beautiful eyes.

    3. Each man had some water to drink.

    4. Each of them had six horses.

    5. Few cats like cold water.

    6. The first man was asked several questions.

    7. All work is done.

    8. What time is it?

    9. Every man has duties.

    10. Which pen did you buy?

    11. Whose are these books?

    12. Whose horses are better than my horses?

    13. I have a lot of money.

    14. The fifth boy is very clever.

    15. No boy has red shoes.

    16. Some have not come yet.

    17. This is a Chinese watch.

    18. This is the very car I want.

    19. He was killed in his own house.

    20. What a fall!

  • Adverb in English Grammar with Examples

    Adverb is one of the important part of English Grammar and Spoken English. So, It is necessary to give information about Adverb. Its knowledge is necessary for all English speakers and here it is presented in Hindi and English.

    इन वाक्यों को देखें –

    The child runs slowly.

    She writes beautifully.

    They fought bravely.

    He is too old.

    Ram is very kind.

    She walked very slowly.

    इन वाक्यों में आए शब्द slowly, beautifully, bravely, too और very पर विचार करें | ये क्रमश: runs (verb), writes (verb), fought (verb), old (adj.) तथा kind (adj.) & slowly (adv.) की विशेषता बता रहे है| ये अभीष्ट Verb/Adjective/Adverb के अर्थ को और अधिक स्पष्ट कर रहे हैं | ऐसे शब्दों को हम Grammar की भाषा में Adverbs कहते हैं |

    Definition: Adverb वह शब्द है, जो किसी Verb, Adjective या दुसरे Adverb की विशेषता बताता है |

    * An adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

    *An adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb an adjective or another adverb.

    Examples: slowly, carefully, beautifully, clearly, quickly, loudly, sadly, hardly, very, too, yesterday, today, soon, here, there, etc.

    KINDS OF THE ADVERB

    Adverb के निम्नलिखित मुख्य भेद हैं –

    1. Adverbs of things (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    2. Adverbs of frequency ( आव्रत्तिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    3. Adverbs of Manner (रीतिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    4. Adverbs of Place (स्थानवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    5. Adverbs of Degree (परिमाणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    6. Interrogative Adverbs (प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    7. Adverbs of Negation and Affirmation (नकारात्मक क्रियाविशेषण )

    8. Adverbs of Reason (कारणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    9. Relative Adverbs (सबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण )

    1. Adverbs of Time: Adverbs of Time से क्रिया के संपादन के समय का बोध होता है |

    * Adverbs of time tell the time of an action.

    Examples: today, yesterday, tomorrow, now, then, soon, late, lately, just, ago, before, immediately, etc.

    (a) He came yesterday.
    Came when (कब आया )? – yesterday

    (b) He will come soon.
    will come when (कब आएगा)? – soon

    स्पष्टत: yesterday और soon Adverbs of Time हैं |

    2. Adverbs of Frequency: Adverbs of Frequency से बोध होता है कि किसी कार्य का संपादन ‘कितनी बार’ हुआ, होता है या होगा |

    * Adverbs of frequency tell how often or how frequency an action is done.

    Examples: never, always, once, twice, daily, regularly, again, seldom (बिरले ही ) occasionally (यदा-कदा, समय-समय पर), etc.

    Note: क्रिया के साथ how often (कितनी बार) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रूप में आता है, वह Adverbs of Frequency कहलाता है | जैसे –

    (a) He came here often twice.
    Came how often (कितनी बार आया) ? – twice

    (b) I have always helped you.
    Helped how often (कितनी बार मदद की है)? – always

    स्पष्टत: twice और always Adverbs of Frequency हैं |

    3. Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs of Manner से यह बोध होता है कि क्रिया का संपादन किस ढंग से या कैसे होता है |
    * Adverbs of manner tell how or in what manner an action is done.

    Examples: slowly, carefully, beautifully, sadly, bravely, loudly, quickly, fast (तेजी से ), hard (कड़ाई से), well (अच्छी तरह से ), etc.

    Note: Verb के साथ how (कैसे) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रूप में आता है, वह adverb of Manner कहलाता है जैसे –

    (a) She writes beautifully.
    Writes how (कैसे लिखती है) ?- beautifully
    (b) He runs fast.
    Runs how (कैसे दोड़ता है ) ?- fast

    स्पष्टत: beautifully और fast adverbs of Manner हैं |

    4. Adverbs of place : Adverbs of Place से कार्य के संपादन के स्थान का बोध होता है |

    * Adverbs of place tell where or at what place an action is done.

    Examples: here, there, everywhere, up, down, outside, within, near, below, away, etc.

    Note: Verb के साथ (कहाँ) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रूप में आता हैं वह कहलाता है जैसे –

    (a) Go there.
    Go there (कहाँ जाओ ) ? – outside

    स्पष्टत : there और outside Adverbs of Place हैं |

    5. Adverbs of Degree: Adverbs of Degree से यह बोध होता है कि किसी Action, Adjective या Adverb की तीव्रता किस हद तक या कितनी है |

    * Adverbs of degree indicate the degree of intensity of an action or an adjectives or an adverb.

    Examples: very, much, enough, too, quite (बिलकुल, नितांत), hardly (मुश्किल से), exactly (ठीक – ठीक), nearly (लगभग, करीब – करीब), almost (लगभग, करीब – करीब), etc.

    Note: Verb के साथ how much/to what degree/to what extant (कितना/ कितनी) लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो शब्द उत्तर के रुप में आता है, वह Adverb of Degree कहलाता है जैसे –

    (a) Sita is very happy.
    Happy how much (कितना खुश) ? – very (बहुत)

    (b) She hardly knows me.
    knows to what extent (कितनी जानती है) ? – hardly (मुश्किल से, नहीं के बराबर)

    स्पष्टत : very और hardly Adverbs of Degree हैं |

    6. Interrogative Adverbs: when, where, how, why, how, long, how much, how many, how often, इत्यादि का प्रयोग जब प्रश्न करने मेंं किया जाता है, तब इन्हें Interrogative Adverbs कहते हैं |

    * when, where, how, why, how, long, how much often, how many, etc are called interrogative adverbs
    when they are used in asking questions.

    इन वाक्यों में Interrogative Adverbs के प्रयोग को देखें –

    Where is Mukul?
    When will you go?
    How did he fight?
    How often do you drink?

    7. Adverbs of Negation And Affirmation: किसी प्रश्न के स्वीकारात्मक जवाब के लिए yes, surely, certainly (निश्चित रुप से ) इत्यादि का प्रयोग करते है| इन्हें Adverbs of Affirmation कहते हैं | पुन: नकारात्मक जनाब के लिए no, not, never इत्यादि का प्रयोग करते हैं| इन्हें Adverbs of Negation कहता हैं |

    8 Adverbs of Reason: Adverbs of reason tell the reason of the action.

    Examples: therefore, hence, thus, do , etc.
    He, therefore, left, school.
    thus, she became angry.

    9. Relative Adverbs: Relative Adverbs अपने बाद आनेवाले Verbs को modify करतें हैं और साथ ही दो वाक्यों को एक साथ जोड़ते हैं |

    * Relative adverbs modify the verbs following them and at the same time join two sentences together.

    Note: Relative adverbs और Interrogative Adverbs दोनों के एक ही रुप हैं, लेकिन जहाँ का प्रयोग प्रश्न किए जाने में किया जाता हैं, वहीं का प्रयोग दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने में किया जाता है |

    Examples of Relative Adverbs: where, how, when, why, how, long how much, how many, etc.
    This is the house where he lived.
    Let me know when you will come.
    I don’t know the reason why he left the place.
    Do you know how he will act.
    I don’t know how much he has.

    Exercise

    Direction: Bold the adverbs in these sentences-

    Examples:

    (a) He will come tomorrow.

    (b) He never comes late.

    1. What are you doing today?

    2. I always speak the truth.

    3. The child runs slowly.

    4. There was water everywhere.

    5. She is very beautiful.

    6. Where is the book?

    7. He does not write well.

    8. He, therefore, left school.

    9. I shall come soon.

    10. Yesterday he came here.

    11. I never go there.

    12. You should take exercise regularly.

    13. He came here twice.

    14. She writes beautifully.

    15. You should work hard.

    16. How will you stay outside?

    17. Stand up on the bench.

    18. The tea is too hot.

    19. Yes, I am ready.

    20. She can hardly walk.

    Answers:

    1. What are you doing today?

    2. I always speak the truth.

    3. The child runs slowly.

    4. There was water everywhere.

    5. She is very beautiful.

    6. Where is the book?

    7. He does not write well.

    8. He, therefore, left school.

    9. I shall come soon.

    10. 1. What are you doing today?

    2. I always speak the truth.

    3. The child runs slowly.

    4. There was water everywhere.

    5. She is very beautiful.

    6. Where is the book?

    7. He does not write well.

    8. He, therefore, left school.

    9. I shall come soon.

    10. Yesterday he came here.

    11. I never go there.

    12. You should take exercise regularly.

    13. He came here twice.

    14. She writes beautifully.

    15. You should work hard.

    16. How will you stay outside?

    17. Stand up on the bench.

    18. The tea is too hot.

    19. Yes, I am ready.

    20. She can hardly walk.

    Exercise

    Direction: Bold the adverbs in these sentences –

    1. Why do you not come here regularly?

    2. God is everywhere.

    3. Do it now.

    4. It is quite wrong.

    5. I do not know him much.

    6. He knows me very well.

    7. This is the place where he was caught.

    8. How are you today?

    9. He comes here daily.

    10. That day he arrived late.

    11. Come in.

    12. Is Mr Chopra within?

    13. My brother is out.

    14. He can read clearly.

    15. Slowly and sadly he spoke to me.

    16. They fought bravely.

    17. I am fully satisfied.

    18. The patient is no better.

    19. This is the house where he lived.

    20. Go back.

    Answers:

    1. Why do you not come here regularly?

    2. God is everywhere.

    3. Do it now.

    4. It is quite wrong.

    5. I do not know him much.

    6. He knows me very well.

    7. This is the place where he was caught.

    8. This is the place where he was caught.

    9. He comes here daily.

    10. That day he arrived late.

    11. Come in.

    12. Is Mr. Chopra within?

    13. My brother is out.

    14. He can read clearly.

    15. Slowly and sadly he spoke to me.

    16. They fought bravely.

    17. I am fully satisfied.

    18. The patient is no better.

    19. This is the house where he lived.

    20. Go back.

  • Verbs in English Grammar with Examples

    Verbs provides the one of the most important concept on English Grammar and Spoken English. It is necessary to understand the content provided in the post. Here we have provided the English Language knowledge content in Hindi and English.

    इन वाक्यों कों देखें –

    Ram is weeping.

    He had a car.

    The boys laugh.

    She has two sons.

    He was beaten.

    Mohan is ill.

    इन वाक्यों में आए शब्द is weeping, laugh, was beaten, had, has और is पर विचार करें | इनमें से प्रथम तीन से कार्य-व्यापार का बोध होता है | had/has से अधिकार/ संबध तथा is से अवस्था का बोध होता है | ऐसे शब्दों को हम Grammar की भाषा में Verbs कहते है | वाक्य-निर्माण में इनका विशेष महत्व है |

    Definition: Verbs वह शब्द है, जिससे किसी के कार्य-व्यापार, अधिकार, संबध या अवस्था का बोध होता है |

    * A verb is word which used to tell or assert something about some person or thing.

    कुछ और Sentences लें और उनमें के प्रयोग को देखें –

    Action:

    Children play. (play-verb)

    The man was walking. (was walking-verb)

    The clock strikes. (strikes-verb)

    I was taught. (was taught-verb)

    He will come. (will come-verb)

    Relation/Possession:

    I have a car. (have-verb)

    The cow has two eyes. (has-verb)

    A king had three queens. (had-verb)

    The poor man has no money. (has-verb)

    State of Being:

    Sita is tall. (is-verb)

    They are happy. (are-verb)

    He was a poor man. (was-verb)

    KINDS OF THE VERB

    वाक्यों में मोटे अक्षरों पर Verbs को दो वर्गो में बाँटा गया है –

    1. Main Verb (प्रधान क्रिया )
    2. Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया )

    1. Main Verb: जो क्रिया किसी वाक्य में अकेले या सहायक क्रिया के साथ आती है, वह Main Verb कहलाती है |

    * The verbs used alone or together with helping verbs are called main verbs.

    इन वाक्यों में मोटे अक्षरों में छपे शब्द Main Verbs है –

    (a) I am a boy.

    (b) I am reading.

    (c) I love her.

    (d) He will do it.

    2. Helping Verb: जो क्रिया tense, voice, mood इत्यादि के निर्माण में प्रधान क्रिया की सहायता करती है, वह Helping Verb कहलाती है |

    * A helping verb is one which helps the main verb to form a tense, voice, mood, etc.

    इन वाक्यों में मोटे अक्षरों में छुपे शब्द Helping verbs के रुप में होता हैं-

    (a) I am reading.

    (b) My brother has come.

    (c) He will go.

    (d) You should do this.

    निम्नलिखित Auxiliary हैं इनका प्रयोग Helping verb के रुप में होता है –

    am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, will, can, could, may, must, ought, should, would, need, dare, used to.

    इन Auxiliary Verbs में सें am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, need और dare ऐसे Verbs हैं जो कभी Main Verb की तरह प्रयुक्त होते हैं तो कभी Helping Verb की तरह, जैसे –

    (a) He is ready. (is-main verb)

    (b) He is going. (is-helping verb)

    (c) Did he come? (did-helping verb)

    (d) He did this. (did-main verb)

    Note 1. यदि किसी वाक्य में एक ही क्रिया हो, तो वह क्रिया Main Verb कहलाएगी जैसे –
    (a) I have a dog. (have-main verb)
    (b) He is a boy. (is-main verb)

    Note 2. यदि किसी वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक एक साथ प्रयुक्त हों, तो सबसे अंत में आनेवाला कहलाएगा और अन्य कहलाएँगे | जैसे –

    (a) I have been reading. (have-helping verb, been-helping verb, reading-main verb)
    (b) I have been a teacher. (have-helping verb, been-main verb)

    Direction: Pick out the verbs in these sentences and say whether they are main or verbs or helping verbs-

    Examples:

    (a) I am a boy. (am-main verb)

    (b) I am reading. (am-helping verb, reading-main verb)

    (c) Did he go? (did-helping verb, go-main verb)

    (d) Who did it? (did-main verb)

    (e) We shall have been working for ten days. (shall-helping verb, have -helping verb, working-main verb)

    1. He reads.

    2. He is reading.

    3. He is a student.

    4. Are you a doctor?

    5. Are you coming today?

    6. He can do.

    7. You should help me.

    8. What could be done?

    9. May I come in?

    10. He does not know.

    11. She had been sleeping.

    12. She had been a dancer.

    13. She had no money.

    14. They must be working there.

    15. They must be thieves.

    16. I shall have been playing.

    17. I shall have been a teacher.

    18. I shall have no work.

    19. We shall be leaders.

    20. They do not do any work.

    Answers:

    1. He reads.
    reads – main verb

    2. He is reading.
    is – helping verb
    reading – main verb

    3. He is a student.
    is – main verb

    4. Are you a doctor?
    are – main verb

    5. Are you coming today?
    are – helping verb
    coming – main verb

    6. He can do.
    can – helping verb
    do – main verb

    7. You should help me.
    should – helping verb
    help – main verb

    8. What could be done?
    could – helping verb
    be done – main verb (passive voice)

    9. May I come in?
    may – helping verb
    come – main verb

    10. He does not know.
    does – helping verb
    know – main verb

    11. She had been sleeping.
    had – helping verb
    been – helping verb
    sleeping – main verb

    12. She had been a dancer.
    had – helping verb
    been – main verb

    13. She had no money.
    had – main verb

    14. They must be working there.
    must – helping verb
    be – helping verb
    working – main verb

    15. They must be thieves.
    must – helping verb
    be – main verb

    16. I shall have been playing.
    shall – helping verb
    have – helping verb
    been – helping verb
    playing – main verb

    17. I shall have been a teacher.
    shall – helping verb
    have – helping verb
    been – main verb

    18. I shall have no work.
    shall – helping verb
    have – main verb

    19. We shall be leaders.
    shall – helping verb
    be – main verb

    20. They do not do any work.
    do – helping verb (first “do”)
    do – main verb (second “do”)

    OBJECT OF THE VERB

    कर्ता के अतिरिक्त क्रिया का फल जिस शब्द -समूह पर पड़ता है, उसे हम क्रिया का Object कहते हैं | Object प्राय: क्रिया के तुरंत बाद आता है और यह कोई Noun/Pronoun/Noun Phrase/Noun Clause होता है | Verb के साथ What/Whom लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर जो उत्तर मिलता है वही उस Verb का Object होता है | अगर कोई उत्तर नहीं मिले तो समझें कि अभीष्ट Verb का कोई Object नहीं है | अब इन वाक्यों को ध्यान से देखें –

    (a) Ram eats rice.
    eats what?- rice.
    क्या खाता है? – चावल (rice)
    (अत: वाक्य में क्रिया eats का object rice है |)

    (b) I like these beautiful flowers.
    like what – these beautiful flowers.
    क्या पसंद करता हुँ? – ये सुंदर फुल
    (अत: इस वाक्य में किया like का object these beautiful flower है |)

    (c) My father loved me very much.
    loved whom? – me
    किसे प्यार करते थे? – मुझे (me)
    अत: इस वाक्य में क्रिया loved का object me है |

    (d) He is playing in the field.
    playing what? No reply
    क्या खेल रहा है ? कोई जवाब नहीं
    किसे खेल रहा है? कोई जवाब नहीं
    अत: इस वाक्य में क्रिया is playing का कोई Object नहीं है |

    Note: एक ही Verb के दो विभिन्न Objects हो सकते हैं, जैसे –

    He gave me money.
    gave what? – money (क्या दिया? – money_
    gave whom? -me (किसको दिया ? – me)
    स्पष्टत: यहाँ me और money दो Objects हैं |

    Exercise

    Direction: Pick out the objects of the verbs in these sentences –

    Examples:

    (a) He is reading a book. (Ans. – a book)

    (b) The teacher taught English. (Ans. – English)

    (c) I love my father and mother. (Ans.-my father and mother)

    (d) Why did he beat you? (Ans. – you )

    (e) He was singing a song in the room. (Ans. – a song)

    (f) Birds sing in the trees. (Ans. – no object)

    (g) The teacher taught us English. (Ans. – us, English)

    1. My mother loves me.

    2. I love my mother.

    3. Do you know English?

    4. I shall solve the problem.

    5. My father bought me a pen.

    6. He did the work.

    7. Kindly give me the pen.

    8. He gave Ram a book.

    9. The dog can run fast.

    10. Birds fly in the sky.

    11. He reads in this school.

    12. The children are flying kites.

    13. He reads English and Hindi.

    14. They play cricket in the field.

    15. The boy cut his hand with a knife.

    16. I don’t like that naughty boy.

    17. I love the students of this school.

    18. Bring a glass of water.

    19. They are cutting the old trees.

    20. They make these types of furniture.

    Answers:

    1. My mother loves me.
    me (object)

    2. I love my mother.
    my mother (object)

    3. Do you know English?
    English (object)

    4. I shall solve the problem.
    the problem (object)

    5. My father bought me a pen.
    me, a pen (objects)

    6. He did the work.
    the work (object)

    7. Kindly give me the pen.
    me, the pen (objects)

    8. He gave Ram a book.
    Ram, a book (objects)

    9. The dog can run fast.
    no object

    10. Birds fly in the sky.
    no object

    11. He reads in this school.
    no object

    12. The children are flying kites.
    kites (object)

    13. He reads English and Hindi.
    English and Hindi (objects)

    14. They play cricket in the field.
    cricket (object)

    15. The boy cut his hand with a knife.
    his hand (object)

    16. I don’t like that naughty boy.
    that naughty boy (object)

    17. I love the students of this school.
    the students of this school (object)

    18. Bring a glass of water.
    a glass of water (object)

    19. They are cutting the old trees.
    the old trees (object)

    20. They make these types of furniture.
    these types of furniture (object)

    TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS

    Main Verb को दो भागों में बाँटा गया है –
    1. Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया )
    2. Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया )

    1. Transitive Verb : जिस क्रिया के बाद कर्म (object) का प्रयोग हुआ हो, उस क्रिया को Transitive Verb कहेगें |

    * The verb used with an object is called a transitive verb.

    इन वााक्यों को देखें –

    1. Ram eats rice.

    2. I love you.

    3. He has helped my brother.

    4. I know this.

    5. My brother has read the book.

    6. I like these beautiful flowers.

    इन वाक्यों में rice, you, my, brother, this, the, the book और these beautiful flowers Objects (कर्म) हैं | अत: इनके पहले प्रयुक्त Verbs eats, love, helped, know, read और like Transitive Verbs कहलाएँगे |

    2. Intransitive Verbs: जिस क्रिया के बाद कर्म (object) का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ हो, उस क्रिया को Intransitive Verbs कहेगें |

    * The verb used without an object is called an intransitive verb.

    इन वाक्यों को देखें –

    1. I eat.

    2. I go to school.

    3. Ram walks in the fields.

    4. I sleep.

    5. He gets up at five o’clock.

    6. He run fast.

    इन वाक्यों में कोई (object) नहीं है अत: प्रयुक्त Verbs eat, go, walks, sleep, gets up और ran Intransitive Verbs कहलाएँगे |

    SOME SPECIAL NOTES

    1. कुछ ऐसे Verbs हैं जिनके बाद Objects कभी नहीं आते और वे हमेशा Intransitive Verb के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते हैं जैसे – go, come, sit, sleep, die, etc.

    2. अधिकांश Verbs प्रयोग दोंनो ही प्रकार से हो सकता है | जब इनके बाद Object रहता है, तब ये Transitive Verbs कहलाते हैं और जब इनके बाद Object नहीं रहता, तब ये Intransitive Verbs कहलाते हैं | बहुत – से लोग यह समझते हैं कि eat, beat, read, इत्यादि क्रियाओं का प्रयोग हमेशा Transitive Verb की तरह होता हैं | परंतु बात ऐसी नहीं है | जब तक क्रिया के बाद कर्म का प्रयोग नहीं होगा, तब तक उस क्रिया को हम Transitive Verb नहीं कहेंगे | इन वाक्यों को ध्यान से पढे़ं और समझे –

    Intransitive Verb

    I eat.

    she reads.

    The bell rang loudly.

    Birds fly in the sky.

    The glass broke

    Transitive Verbs

    I eat a mango.

    She reads a book.

    The peon rang the bell.

    He is flying a kite.

    I speak the truth.

    I sang a song.

    My son broke the glass.

    Exercise

    Direction: Pick out the main verbs in these sentences and say whether they are transitive or Intransitive –

    Examples:

    (a) He eats. (eats-intransitive)
    (b) He eats slowly. (eats-intransitive)
    (c) He eats rice. (eats-transitive)

    1. I go to school everyday.

    2. They are coming soon.

    3. He reads the book.

    4. He reads.

    5. He reads slowly and carefully.

    6. He reads in the fifth class.

    7. My father teaches me English.

    8. My father teaches in the morning.

    9. Do you walk in the morning.

    10.Birds fly in the air.

    11. They are flying kites.

    12. We eat three times a day.

    13. We eat bread and rice.

    14. It cannot eat.

    15. Do you know his name?

    16. He knows everything.

    17. He lives in a village.

    18. What is he doing in the field.

    19. I request you help me.

    20. Please do not beat these poor beggars.

    Answers:

    1. go – intransitive

    2. are coming – intransitive

    3. reads – transitive

    4. reads – intransitive

    5. reads – intransitive

    6. reads – intransitive

    7. teaches – transitive

    8. teaches – intransitive

    9. walk – intransitive

    10. fly – intransitive

    11. are flying – transitive

    12. eat – intransitive

    13. eat – transitive

    14. eat – intransitive

    15. know – transitive

    16. knows – transitive

    17. lives – intransitive

    18. is doing – intransitive

    19. request – transitive, help – transitive

    20. beat – transitive

  • Direct and Indirect speech in English Grammar Exercises

    Direct Speech: जब किसी वक्ता के कथन को उसी के शब्दों में व्यक्त किया जाता है, तब वह Direct Speech कहलाता है। में प्रायः किसी का कथन inverted commas के बीच में रहता है।

    Indirect Speech: जब किसी वक्ता के कथन को उसी के शब्दों में न कहकर उसके आशय या सारांश को अपने शब्दों में व्यक्त किया जाता है, तब Indirect Speech वह कहलाता है। Indirect Speech को Inverted commas के भीतर नहीं रखा जाता है।

    Direct Speech

    He said, “I am ill”.

    Ram said, “I am ready”.

    Mohan said, “I saw her”.

    He said to me, “Do you know?”

    Indirect Speech

    He said that he was ill.
    Ram said that he was ready.
    Mohan said that he had seen her.
    He sked me if I knew.

    कुछ पारिभाषिक शब्दों की व्याख्या

    Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में परिर्वतन किया जा सकता है। इसके कुछ नियम हैं, जिन्हें समझने के पहले कुछ पारिभाषिक शब्दों को समझ लें।

    1. Reporting Verb: Inverted Commas के बाहर एक वाक्य रहता है, जिसके Verb को Reporting Verb कहते हैं। He said, “I am ready.” यहाँ ‘said’ Reporting Verb हैं।

    2. Reported Speech: Inverted Commas के भीतर जो वाक्य रहता है, उसे Reporting Speech कहते हैं । He said, “I am ready,” यहाँ ‘I am ready’ Reporting Speech Verb है।

    3. Verb of the Reported Speech: Inverted Commas के भीतर जो वाक्य रहता है, उसे Reported Speech कहते हैं और उसमें प्रयुक्त Verb को Verb of the Reported speech कहते हैं। He said, “I am ready”. यहाँ ‘am’ Verb of the Reported Speech है।

    Changing into Indirect Speech

    Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए कुछ General Rules हैं और कुछ Special Rules. General Rules उन नियमों को कहते हैं जो प्रत्येक प्रकार के वाक्य के साथ लागू होते हैं, वही Special Rules विभिन्न प्रकार के वाक्यों के लिए भिन्न-भिन्न होते हैं। General Rules को हम तीन भागों में इस प्रकार बाँट सकते हैं –

    1. Change of Person
    2. Change of Tense
    3. Change of other Parts of Speech

    1. Change of Person

    Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त Pronouns को इस प्रकार परिवर्तित करते हैं-

    1. First Person को Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार
    2. Second Person को Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार
    3. Third Person को No change.

    इसके लिए इस सूत्र को याद रखें –

    1            2            3
    S             O         N

    1 का अर्थ है First Person (S का अर्थ है Subject )

    2 का अर्थ है Second Person (O का अर्थ है Object )

    3 का अर्थ है Third Person (N का अर्थ है No change )

    अर्थात् First Person Object के अनुसार
    Second Person Object के अनुसार
    Third Person No change

    Note: 1. जब Reporting Verb Present या Future Tense मे रहता है, तब Indirect Speech में कही भी Tense में कोई भी में कोई परिर्वतन नहीं होता है। हम यहाँ Reporting Verb को Present/Future Tense में रखेगें ताकि tense परिर्वतन की समस्या उत्पन्न न हो और Change of Person की प्रक्रिया सही ढ़ग से स्पष्ट हो सके।

    2. जब Inverted Commas के भीतर Assertive Sentence रहता है, तब Indirect Speech में Inverted Commas के बदले that का प्रयोग होता है।

    3. जब Reporting Verb say/says/said रहे और उसके बाद object रहे तो आप यहाँ इसे Indirect Speech में tell/tells/told में बदल दें। अगर Object न रहे तो Reporting Verb में परिर्वतन नहीं करें।

    4. Person बदलते समय Number तथा Case पर विशेष ध्यान दें, क्योकि ये नहीं बदलते हैं। आपकी सुविधा के लिए Personal Pronouns के सभी Forms को आगे तालिका में दिया जा रहा है, जिन्हें हमेशा ध्यान में रखें।

    5. इस Chapter में बहुत सारे solved examples दिए गए हैं। उन्हें आप अच्छी तरह पढ़ें और समझें। जब आप उन्हें अच्छी तरह समझ जाएँगे, तब आपको exercises बनाने में कठिनाई नहीं होगी। इसलिए इस chapter में दिए गए सभी solved examples को कम से कम दो बार अवश्य पढ़ें और लिखें।

    PersonNominative CasePossessive CaseObjective Case
    Possessive AdjectivesPossessive Pronoun
    1st PersonI
    We
    My OurMine Ours  Me us
    2nd PersonYouYourYoursYou
    3rd PersonHe
    she
    it
    they
    His Her Its TheirHis Hers   TheirsHim Her It Them

    Solved Examples:

    1. He says to me, “I am your friend.” (Subject) (object) (First Person) (Second Person)
    He tells me that he is my friend.

    2. He Says to me, ” You are my friend.”
    (Subject) (object) (Second Person) (First Person)
    He tells me that I am his Friend.

    3. She says to me, ” I love you.”
    (Subject) (object) (First Person) (Second Person)
    She tells me that she loves me.

    4. I say to her. “I love you.”
    (Subject) (object) (First Person) (Second Person)

    5. She says to me, “I am his sister.”
    (Subject) (object) (First Person) (Second Person)
    She tells me that she is his sister.

    6. Ram says to me. “I am your friends.”
    Ram tells me that he is my fiend.

    7. Sita says to me, “I am your friend.”
    Sita tells me that she is my friend.

    8. Ram says to Sita, “I am your friend.”
    Ram tell sita that he is her friend.

    9. Sita says to Ram, “I am your friend.”
    Sita tells Ram that she is his friend.

    10. They say to me, “We help you.”
    They tell me that they help me.

    11. I say to them, “I help you.”
    I tell them that I help them.

    12. You always say to me, “I shall help you,”
    you always tell me that you will help me.

    13. The boys say to the teacher, “We need your help.”
    The boys tell the teacher that they need your help.

    14. We say to him, “We are your helpers.”
    We tell him that we are his helpers.

    15. The teacher says to the students, “I am ready to help you.”
    The teacher tells the students he is ready to help them.

    16. He says to Sita, “I love you and your do.”
    He tells Sita that he loves her and her dog.

    17. Geeta says to Ravi, “If you help me I shall help you.”
    Geeta tells Ravi that if he helps her she will help him.

    18. He says to her, “Yours is black but mine is white.”
    He tells her that hers is black but his is white.

    19. The boys say to the teacher, “We can’t do without your help.”
    The boys tell the teacher that they can’t do without his help.

    20. He says, “I should help myself.”
    He says that he should hep himself.

    21. Ram will say, “I am ready to do my duty.”
    Ram will say that he should help himself.

    22. Sita will say to me, “I am ready to do my duty.”
    Sita will tell me that he is ready to do his duty.

    23. The boys say to me, “We must help you and your father.”
    The boys tell me that they must help me and she loves me.

    24. I will say to her, “I love you and love me.”
    I will tell her that I love her and she loves me.

    25. He says to me, “I did not cheat you, so you should believe me.”
    He tells me that he did not cheat me, so I should believe him.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    1. He says, “I am reading my book.”

    2. She says, “I am reading my book.”

    3. You say, “I reading my book.”

    4. We say, “We are reading our books.”

    5. I say, “We are reading our books.”

    6. I say, “I am reading my book.”

    7. Ram says to me, “I am your friend.”

    8. Sita says to me, “I am your friend.”

    9. He says to Sita, “I am your friend.”

    10. Sita says to him, “I am your friend.”

    11. I say to Ram, “I know you.”

    12. I say to the boys, “I know you.”

    13. The boy says to me, “I know you.”

    14. The boys says to me, “We know you.”

    15. They say to me, “We shall help you.”

    16. I say to her, “I can teach you.”

    17. The child says to his mother, “I love you.”

    18. He says to me, “I am ready to help you.”

    19. I say to Mohan, “You are my best friend.”

    20. Mohan will say to Reeta, “I don’t need your help.”

    21. She will say to me, “Your brother helps me.”

    22. I say to your brother, “I am your friend.”

    23. Monu says to Leela, “You should help me.”

    24. Leela says to Monu, “I shall hep you.”

    25. He says to me, “I love you and your dog.”

    Answers:

    1. He says, “I am reading my book.”
    He says that he is reading his book.

    2. She says, “I am reading my book.”
    She says that she is reading her book.

    3. You say, “I am reading my book.”
    You say that you are reading your book.

    4. We say, “We are reading our books.”
    We say that we are reading our books.

    5. I say, “We are reading our books.”
    I say that we are reading our books.

    6. I say, “I am reading my book.”
    I say that I am reading my book.

    7. Ram says to me, “I am your friend.”
    Ram tells me that he is my friend.

    8. Sita says to me, “I am your friend.”
    Sita tells me that she is my friend.

    9. He says to Sita, “I am your friend.”
    He tells Sita that he is her friend.

    10. Sita says to him, “I am your friend.”
    Sita tells him that she is his friend.

    11. I say to Ram, “I know you.”
    I tell Ram that I know him.

    12. I say to the boys, “I know you.”
    I tell the boys that I know them.

    13. The boy says to me, “I know you.”
    The boy tells me that he knows me.

    14. The boys say to me, “We know you.”
    The boys tell me that they know me.

    15. They say to me, “We shall help you.”
    They tell me that they will help me.

    16. I say to her, “I can teach you.”
    I tell her that I can teach her.

    17. The child says to his mother, “I love you.”
    The child tells his mother that he loves her.

    18. He says to me, “I am ready to help you.”
    He tells me that he is ready to help me.

    19. I say to Mohan, “You are my best friend.”
    I tell Mohan that he is my best friend.

    20. Mohan will say to Reeta, “I don’t need your help.”
    Mohan will tell Reeta that he doesn’t need her help.

    21. She will say to me, “Your brother helps me.”
    She will tell me that my brother helps her.

    22. I say to your brother, “I am your friend.”
    I tell your brother that I am his friend.

    23. Monu says to Leela, “You should help me.”
    Monu tells Leela that she should help him.

    24. Leela says to Monu, “I shall help you.”
    Leela tells Monu that she will help him.

    25. He says to me, “I love you and your dog.”
    He tells me that he loves me and my dog.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    1. Amar says to Ratan, “I am your friend and you are my friend.”

    2. She says to Ram, “If you help me I shall help you.”

    3. They say to me, “We help you because you help us.”

    4. She says to me, “I know you but you don’t know me,”

    5. The students say to the teacher “We can’t do without your help.”

    6. He says to my mother, “You should help me because I am your son’s friend.”

    7. She will say to us, “I shall help you help me.”

    8. She says to Ram, “I know you and your brother because you are my neighbours.

    9. Ram says to her, ” I know you and your friends because you are they are my neighbours.

    10. She says to me, ” I have given you my life, but you have given me only tears, and so I am not believe you,”

    11. He says to me, “I was reading while you were playing with your friends.”

    12. We will say to him, “Wee wanted to help you but we could not help you because we were absent.”

    13. The farmers say to me, “We never quarrel with them.”

    14. She says to me, “This is mine and that is yours.”

    15. I say to you, “You can do me no harm because I am stronger that you.”

    16. You say to me, “You can do me no harm because I am stronger than you.”

    17. Sita says to Ravi, “You can do me no harm because I am stronger than you.”

    18. Ravi says to Radha, “I have been helping you.”

    19. Mohan says to Geeta, “You have been very kind to me, so I shall help you when you need my help.”

    20. Geeta says to Mohan, “You have been very kind to me, so I shall help you when you need my help.”

    Answers:

    1. Amar says to Ratan, “I am your friend and you are my friend.”

    Amar tells Ratan that he is his friend and that Ratan is his friend.

    2. She says to Ram, “If you help me I shall help you.”

    She tells Ram that if he helps her, she will help him.

    3. They say to me, “We help you because you help us.”

    They tell me that they help me because I help them.

    4. She says to me, “I know you but you don’t know me.”

    She tells me that she knows me, but I don’t know her.

    5. The students say to the teacher, “We can’t do without your help.”

    The students tell the teacher that they can’t do without his help.

    6. He says to my mother, “You should help me because I am your son’s friend.”

    He tells my mother that she should help him because he is her son’s friend.

    7. She will say to us, “I shall help you if you help me.”

    She will tell us that she will help us if we help her.

    8. She says to Ram, “I know you and your brother because you are my neighbours.”

    She tells Ram that she knows him and his brother because they are her neighbours.

    9. Ram says to her, “I know you and your friends because they are my neighbours.”

    Ram tells her that he knows her and her friends because they are his neighbours.

    10. She says to me, “I have given you my life, but you have given me only tears, so I do not believe you.”

    She tells me that she has given me her life, but I have given her only tears, so she does not believe me.

    11. He says to me, “I was reading while you were playing with your friends.”

    He tells me that he was reading while I was playing with my friends.

    12. We will say to him, “We wanted to help you but we could not help you because we were absent.”

    We will tell him that we wanted to help him, but we could not help him because we were absent.

    13. The farmers say to me, “We never quarrel with them.”

    The farmers tell me that they never quarrel with them.

    14. She says to me, “This is mine and that is yours.”

    She tells me that this is hers and that is mine.

    15. I say to you, “You can do me no harm because I am stronger than you.”

    I tell you that you can do me no harm because I am stronger than you.

    16. You say to me, “You can do me no harm because I am stronger than you.”

    You tell me that I can do you no harm because you are stronger than me.

    17. a says to Ravi, “You can do me no harm because I am stronger than you.”

    Sita tells Ravi that he can do her no harm because she is stronger than him.

    18. Ravi says to Radha, “I have been helping you.”

    Ravi tells Radha that he has been helping her.

    19. Mohan says to Geeta, “You have been very kind to me, so I shall help you when you need my help.”

    Mohan tells Geeta that she has been very kind to him, so he will help her when she needs his help.

    20. Geeta says to Mohan, “You have been very kind to me, so I shall help you when you need my help.”

    Geeta tells Mohan that he has been very kind to her, so she will help him when he needs her help.

    2. Change of Tense

    1. जब Reporting Verb Present/Future Tense में रहता है, तब Indirect Speech में कही भी Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नही होता है। अभी तक दिए गए उदाहरणों से यह पुर्णतः स्पष्ट है।

    2. जब Reporting Verb Past Tense मे रहता है, तब Inverted Commas के भीतर प्रयुक्त Tense में परिवर्तन होता है। यह परिवर्तन इस प्रकार होता है-

    Direct Indirect
    Simple Present Simple Past
    Present Continuous Past Continuous
    Present Perfect Past Perfect
    Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
    Simple Past Past Perfect
    Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
    Past Perfect no change of tense
    Past Perfect Continuous no change of tense
    shall/will should/would
    cancould
    maymight
    am/is/arewas/were
    have/hashad
    was/werehad been
    had to + V1had had to + V1
    could/should/would/mightgenerally no change

    Solved Examples:

    1. He said to me, “I am your friend.”
    He told me that he was my friend.

    2. She said to me, “I am to help you,”
    She told me that she was help me.

    3. Sita said to me, “I love you.”
    Sita told me that She loved me.

    4. My son said to me, “I am doing my lesson.”
    My son told me that he was doing his lesson.

    5. Geeta said to Ram, “I have always helped you.”
    Geeta told Ram that She had always helped him.

    6. Ram said to Sita, “I have been waiting for you.”
    Ram told Sita that he had been waiting for her.

    7. My father said to me, “I wanted to give me a bicycle.”
    My father told me that he had wanted to give me a bicycle.

    8. He said to the boys, “I was playing with you.”
    He told the boys that he had been playing with them.

    9. Radha said to Ram, “I had seen him.”
    Radha told Ram that she had seen him.

    10. He said, “I had been playing.”
    He said that he had been playing.

    11. He said to me, “I shall help you.”
    He told me that he would help me.

    12. He said to me, “I can help you.”
    He told me that he would help me.

    13. He said to me, “He may help me.”
    He told me that he might help him.

    14. He said, “I could kill the bird.”
    He said that he could kill the bird.

    15. He said, “I was absent.”
    He said that he had been absent.

    16. He said to her, “I was busy, so I did not help you.”
    He told her that he had been busy, so he hadn’t helped her.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    1. He said to me, “I am your friend.”

    2. She said to me, “I am to help you.”

    3. They said to her, “We want to help you.”

    4. She said to her sister, “I have sympathy for you.”

    5. The boy said to mother, “I am going to my friend.”

    6. He said to the girl, “I have always helped you.”

    7. You said to the girl, “I have not beaten your dog.”

    8. He said to me, “I have been waiting for you for two hours.”

    9. He said to them, “I can help you.”

    10. She said to me, “I should not vex you.”

    11. Mohan said to Reeta, “I love you.”

    12. I said to them, “I have love for you.”

    13. He said to her, “I help you because you are a good girl.”

    14. He said to me, “I can help you if you don’t harm me.”

    15. He said, “I have everything that I need.”

    16. She said to him, “I shall be your guide.”

    17. I said to her, “If you help me I shall help you.”

    18. He said to me, “Your brother playing with my brother.”

    19. Ram said to his sister, “I have come to help you, so you should not be afraid of anything.”

    20. He said to the farmer, “I have been serving you for years but you have never cared for me.”

    Answers:

    1. He said to me, “I am your friend.”
    He told me that he was my friend.

    2. She said to me, “I am to help you.”
    She told me that she was to help me.

    3. They said to her, “We want to help you.”
    They told her that they wanted to help her.

    4. She said to her sister, “I have sympathy for you.”
    She told her sister that she had sympathy for her.

    5. The boy said to mother, “I am going to my friend.”
    The boy told his mother that he was going to his friend.

    6. He said to the girl, “I have always helped you.”
    He told the girl that he had always helped her.

    7. You said to the girl, “I have not beaten your dog.”
    You told the girl that you had not beaten her dog.

    8. He said to me, “I have been waiting for you for two hours.”
    He told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.

    9. He said to them, “I can help you.”
    He told them that he could help them.

    10. She said to me, “I should not vex you.”
    She told me that she should not vex me.

    11. Mohan said to Reeta, “I love you.”
    Mohan told Reeta that he loved her.

    12. I said to them, “I have love for you.”
    I told them that I had love for them.

    13. He said to her, “I help you because you are a good girl.”
    He told her that he helped her because she was a good girl.

    14. He said to me, “I can help you if you don’t harm me.”
    He told me that he could help me if I didn’t harm him.

    15. He said, “I have everything that I need.”
    He said that he had everything that he needed.

    16. She said to him, “I shall be your guide.”
    She told him that she would be his guide.

    17. I said to her, “If you help me I shall help you.”
    I told her that if she helped me, I would help her.

    18. He said to me, “Your brother is playing with my brother.”
    He told me that my brother was playing with his brother.

    19. Ram said to his sister, “I have come to help you, so you should not be afraid of anything.”
    Ram told his sister that he had come to help her, so she should not be afraid of anything.

    20. He said to the farmer, “I have been serving you for years but you have never cared for me.”
    He told the farmer that he had been serving him for years, but the farmer had never cared for him.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    1. He said, “I ate two mangoes.”

    2. She said to me, “You helped me.”

    3. He said to her, “I wanted to help you.”

    4. He said, “I was absent.”

    5. Ram said to, “I was your friend.”

    6. The boy said, “I was playing in the field.”

    7. Gopal said to her, “I was going to you.”

    8. The child said to her mother, “I was playing with my friends.”

    9. They said to me, “We were your friends.”

    10. He said, “I had finished the work.”

    11. Ram said to me, ” I had informed you.”

    12. He said to me, “I had been waiting for you.”

    13. They said, “We had been doing for years.”

    14. They said to the girls, “You danced well.”

    15. My mother said to my brothers, “I was making tea for you.”

    16. He said to me, “I was busy, so I did not help you,”

    17. He said, “I could pass examination.”

    18. She said, “It might be dangerous.

    19. The boys said to me, “we did not understand the lesson.”

    20. He said to me, “You should help me but I know that you will not help me because I never helped you.”

    Answers:

    1. He said that he had eaten two mangoes.
    2. She told me that I had helped her.
    3. He told her that he had wanted to help her.
    4. He said that he had been absent.
    5. Ram told me that he had been my friend.
    6. The boy said that he had been playing in the field.
    7. Gopal told her that he was going to her.
    8. The child told her mother that he had been playing with his friends.
    9. They told me that they had been my friends.
    10. He said that he had finished the work.
    11. Ram told me that he had informed me.
    12. He told me that he had been waiting for me.
    13. They said that they had been doing that for years.
    14. They told the girls that they had danced well.
    15. My mother told my brothers that she had been making tea for them.
    16. He told me that he had been busy, so he had not helped me.
    18. He said that he could pass the examination.
    19. She said that it might be dangerous.
    20. The boys told me that they had not understood the lesson.

    यदि Inverted Commas के भीतर कोई कथन हो जिससे चिरंतन सत्य या सिध्दांत (Universal Truth) का बोध हो, तो Reporting Verb के Past Tense में रहने पर भी Reported Speech के Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा। जैसे –

    1. He said, “The earth is round.”
    He said that the earth is round.
    2. My father said to me, “Honesty is the best policy.”
    My father told me that that honesty is best policy.
    3. He said, “Work is worship.”
    He said that work is worship.
    4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
    The teacher said that The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
    5. He remarked, “A bad carpenter quarrels with his tools.”
    He remarked that a bad carpenter quarrels with his tools.
    6. He says, Two and two is four.”
    He says that two and two is four.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    1. He said, “The earth moves round the sun.”

    2. The priest said, “Man is mortal.”

    3. He said, “I had won the prize.”

    4. She said to me, “I had been playing with you.”

    5. He said, “I get up early in the morning.”

    6. My son said to me, “I have done my lesson, so I am playing.”

    7. He said to me, “I did not love you at all.”

    8. The teacher said, “Labour never goes in vain.”

    9. The mother said, “My child is my love.”

    10. He said, “sympathy is greater than gold.

    11. My father said, “Work is worship.”

    12. He says to me, “You never helped me, so I will not help you.”

    13. He said to me, “Time and tide wait for no man.

    14. She will say to me, “You have cheated me,”

    15. She will say, “I could find her.”

    16. He said to me, “I know what you did.”

    17. I said, “Iron is more useful that gold.

    18. They said, “We can’t live without water,”

    19. He said to me, “I was teaching your son.”

    20. He said to her, “I had been teaching your son.”

    Answers:

    1. He said that the earth moves round the sun.

    2. The priest said that man is mortal.

    3. He said that he had won the prize.

    4. She said to me that she had been playing with me.

    5. He said that he gets up early in the morning.

    6. My son said to me that he had done his lesson, so he was playing.

    7. He said to me that he had not loved me at all.

    8. The teacher said that labour never goes in vain.

    9. The mother said that her child is her love.

    10. He said that sympathy is greater than gold.

    11. My father said that work is worship.

    12. He says to me that I never helped him, so he will not help me.

    13. He said to me that time and tide wait for no man.

    14. She will say to me that I have cheated her.

    15. She will say that she could not find her.

    16. He said to me that he knew what I did.

    17. I said that iron is more useful than gold.

    18. They said that they cannot live without water.

    19. He said to me that he was teaching my son.

    20. He said to her that he had been teaching her son.

    Change of Other Parts of Speech

    जब Reporting Verb Past Tense में रहता है, तब Reported Speech में जितने भी निकटता-सूचक शब्द रहतें है, वे सब-के -सब Indirect Speech में दूरी सूचक शब्दों में बदल जाते हैं। ऐसे आवश्यक परिवर्तन के लिए इस Chart को ध्यान में रखें –

    Direct Indirect
    this that
    these those
    here there
    hence thence
    now then
    thus so
    today that day
    yesterday that day
    the day before yesterday the day before/the previous day
    tomorrow the next day/the following day
    the day after tomorrow in two day’s time
    next week/year, etc the the following week/year, etc
    last week/year, etcthe previous week/year, etc
    a year ago a year before/the previous year

    Solved Examples:

    1. He said, “I am busy that day.”
    He said that he was busy that day.
    2. She said, “I shall do it tomorrow.”
    She said that she would do it the next day.
    3. He said, “I don’t like this boy.”
    He said he did not like that boy.
    4. He said, “I am now speaking to this boy.”
    He said that he was then speaking to this boy.”
    5. They said, “We are starting the day after tomorrow.”
    They said that they were starting in two day’s time.
    6. He said, “She died a year ago.”
    He said that she had died a year before.

    Note: चुँकि घटना past time से संबंधित रहती है, इसलिए निकटता-सूचक शब्दों को दूरी-सूचक शब्दों में बदलना पड़ता है। यदि Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त वस्तु परिस्थिति वक्ता के साथ अभी भी मौजूद हो, तो उस हालात में निकटता-सूचक शब्दों को दूरी -सूचक शब्दों में नही बदला जाएगा। जैसे –

    1. He said, “This is my table.”
    अगर टेबुल Reporter के सामने बोलने के समय भी मोजूद हो, तो Indirect Speech में this को that में नहीं बदला जाएगा। जैसे-
    He said that this was his table.

    2. This morning Ram said to me, “I shall give you money today.”
    This morning Ram told me that he would give me money today.
    यहाँ this morning से यह स्पष्ट है कि दिन नहीं बदला है। अतः today का that day नही होगा।

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    1. He said, “I am going to Patna today.”

    2. She said to me, “I shall stay here with you.”

    3. He said, “I shall do it tomorrow.”

    4. She said, “My father came yesterday.”

    5. They said to, “We shall see you tomorrow.

    6. He said, “The sky is cloudy now.”

    7. He said, “I did not break these plates.

    8. My boss said to me, “You can take this away with you.”

    9. He said, “I saw a book here.”

    10. She said, “I am now opening this book,”

    11. She said, “I will dance tomorrow.”

    12. He said, “She arrived yesterday and will go tomorrow.”

    13. She said, “I shall join the office next week.”

    14. She said, “My husband died a year ago.”

    15. He said, “I will come here again tomorrow.”

    Answers:

    1. He said that he was going to Patna that day.

    2. She told me that she would stay there with me.

    3. He said that he would do it the next day.

    4. She said that her father had come the previous day.

    5. They told me that they would see me the next day.

    6. He said that the sky was cloudy then.

    7. He said that he had not broken those plates.

    8. My boss told me that I could take that away with me.

    9. He said that he had seen a book there.

    10. She said that she was opening that book then.

    11. She said that she would dance the next day.

    12. He said that she had arrived the previous day and would go the next day.

    13. She said that she would join the office the following week.

    14. She said that her husband had died a year ago.

    15. He said that he would come there again the next day.

    ध्यान देने योग्य कुछ आवश्यक बातें

    1. कभी -कभी Reporting Verb के बाद Object नही रहता है और Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त Second Person के pronoun/adjectives को बदलने की आवश्यकता पड़ती है। वैसी परिस्थिति में आप अपने मन सो कोई भी उपयुक्त object के चुन लें और उसे Reporting Verb के बाद दे दें।

    (a) He said, “I am waiting for you.”
    He told me that he was waiting for me.
    or, He told her that he was waiting for her.

    (b) He said, “I do not wish to see any of you.
    He told us that he did not wish to see any of us.
    or He told them that he did not wish to see any of them.

    इस प्रकार Object का चयन आपकी इच्छा पर निर्भर करता है। अगर किसी Passage को Indirect Speech में बदलना हो, तो पुरे Passage के भाव को समझते हुए उपयुक्त Object का चयन करें।

    2. यदि Inverted Commas के भीतर संबोधन के रुप में कोई नाम आए, तो उस नाम को Reporting Verb का Object बना दें।

    (a) He said, “Ram, I want to help you.”
    He told Ram that he wanted to help him.

    (b) Sita said, “I love you very much, Mohan.”
    Sita told Mohan that she loved him very much.

    3. यदि Inverted Commas के भीतर O, Well, Okay इत्यादि हों, तो Indirect Speech में इनका लोप कर दें। जैसे –

    He said, “Well, Ram, you can take it.”
    He told Ram that he could take it.

    4. Reported Speech के वाक्य के शुरु में भी रह सकता है या Reporting Verb के बाद में या Reporting Verb की दोनों तरफ, परंतु Indirect Speech में वह पद पहले आएगा जो Inverted Commas के बाहर है जैसा कि आप करते आ रहे हैं। जैसे –

    (a) “I have completed my job, “he said.
    He said that he had completed his job.
    (b) “I am always ready to help you, “she said to me, “because I was her neighbour.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    1. He says, “I am your friend and are my friend.”

    2. She said, “I was waiting for you.”

    3. The boys said, “We can’t do without your help.”

    4. You said, “I will not given this pen to you.”

    5. “You should help me, “said she.

    6. “Okay, I will come tomorrow,” he said.

    7. He said, “Rekha, I love you.”

    8. She said, “You should help me, Mohan.”

    9. “You can sit here, “Mohan, “the teacher said.

    10. The boss said, “Well, you can take it now.”

    11. “I wrote three letters yesterday,” said she.

    12. He said, “Radha, You are my life.”

    13. “Everything I have is yours,” she said.

    14. “I had completed my job,” he said.

    15. He said, “Well, I shall punish you today.”

    16. “I shall help you,” she said to me, “If you help you.”

    17. “Two and two is four,” said the teacher.

    18. “I love you,” the man said to her, “because you have been kind to me,”

    19. “You are a good boy,” said the teacher,” so I shall help you.”

    20. “You can go now,” the master said to the servant, “because I don’t need you.”

    Answers:

    1. He says that he is my friend and I am his friend.

    2. She said that she had been waiting for me.

    3. The boys said that they couldn’t do without my help.

    4. You said that you would not give that pen to me.

    5. She said that I should help her.

    6. He said that he would come the next day.

    7. He said that Rekha was his love.

    8. She said that I should help her, Mohan.

    9. The teacher told Mohan that he could sit there.

    10. The boss said that I could take it then.

    11. She said that she had written three letters the previous day.

    12. He said that Radha was his life.

    13. She said that everything she had was mine.

    14. He said that he had completed his job.

    15. He said that he would punish me that day.

    16. She said to me that she would help me if I helped her.

    17. The teacher said that two and two is four.

    18. The man said to her that he loved her because she had been kind to him.

    19. The teacher said that I was a good boy and that he would help me.

    20. The master told the servant that he could go because he didn’t need him.

    SPECIAL RULES

    General Rules जहाँ सभी प्रकार के वाक्यों के साथ लागू होते हैं, वहीं Special Rules विभिन्न प्रकार के लिए भिन्न-भिन्न होते हैं।

    SPECIAL RULES: ASSERTIVE SENTNECES

    Inverted Commas के अंदर प्रयुक्त Assertive Sentences को Indirect Speech में परिवर्तित करने के लिए जो भी नियम हैं उनसे आप परिचित हो चुके हैं, क्योंकि अभी तक आपने जिन वाक्यों को Indirect Speech में परिवर्तित किया जाता है वे सभी Assertive Sentences हैं।

    SPECIAL RULES: INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

    यदि Inverted Commas के भीतर Interrogative Sentences हो, तो उसे Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित तरीके अपनाएँ-

    (a) Reporting Verb को ask में बदल दें।
    (b) Inverted Commas के बदले that का प्रयोग नहीं करें। अगर Sentence Question Word (When, what, why, where, who, how, which, how many, how much, etc) से शुरु हो, तो that का जगह पर प्रयुक्त Question words ही दें।
    (c) यदि Interrogative Sentence किसी Anomalous Finite (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, do, does, did, can, could, shall, will, etc) से शुरू हो, तो Inverted Commas के बदले if/whether का प्रयोग करें।
    (d) प्रयुक्त Interrogative Verb form को Assertive Verb Form में बदल दें और Indirect Speech के जो सामान्य नियम हैं, उन्हें apply कर पुरे वाक्य को Indirect Speech में बदल दें।

    Note: Interrogative Verb Form को Assertive Verb Form में इस प्रकार बदलें-

    1. Do you eat?

    2. Do you not eat?

    3. Does he know?

    4. Does he not know?

    5. Did they go?

    6. Did he not go?

    7. Are you ready?

    8. Shall we be going?

    9. Must he come?

    10. Where do you live?

    11. How does he live?

    12. Why did he come?

    13. Where are they going?

    14. Who are you?

    15. What is your name?

    16. Who killed the tiger?

    17. Who will come?

    18. How much do you eat?

    19. Who knows?

    Answers:

    1. You eat.

    2. You do not eat.

    3. He knows.

    4. He does not know. .

    5. They went.

    6. He did not go.

    7. You are ready.

    8. We shall be going.

    9. He must come.

    10. Where you live.

    11. How he lives.

    12. Why he came.

    13. Where they are going.

    14. Who you are.

    15. What your name is.

    16. Who killed the tiger.

    17. Who will come.

    18. How much you eat.

    19. Who knows.

    Solved Example:

    1. He says to me, “Are you ill?”
    He asks me if I am ill.

    2. He said to me, “Are you ill?”
    He asked me if I was ill.

    3. She said to me, “Will you help her?”
    She asked me if I would help her.

    4. They said, “Were you present there?”
    They asked me if I had been present there.

    5. He said to Sita, “Do you love me?”
    He asked Sita if she loved him.

    6. He says to Geeta, “:Does your brother help you?”
    He asks Geeta if her brother helps her.

    7. We said to her, “Did you know us?”
    We asked her if she had known us.

    8. He said to Sita, “Did you not vex me.”
    He asked Sita if she had not vexed him.

    9. She said to me, “Were you going to me?”
    She asked me id I had been going to her.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into indirect speech-

    [A]

    1. He says to me, “Are you ready?”

    2. He said to me, “Are you ready?”

    3. She says to Ram, “Have you time for me?”

    4. She said to Ram, “Have you time for me?”

    5. Ram says to Leela, “Is your sister coming today?”

    6. Ram said to Leela, “IS your sister coming today?”

    7. She says to him, “Am I dear to you?”

    8. She says to him, “Am I dear to you?”

    9. He says to me, “Have you stolen my pen?”

    10. He said to me, “Have you stolen my pen?”

    11. Mohan says to Sheela, “Were you not my friend?”

    12. Mohan said to Sheela, “Were you not my friend?”

    13. She says to me, “Was your brother going to market?”

    14. She said to me, “Was your brother going to market?”

    15. She says to her sister, “Had you done it?”

    16. She said to her sister, “Had you done it?”

    17. I said to him, “Will you help me?”

    18. You said to Reeta, “Can you help me?”

    19. She says to me, “Should you cheat me?”

    20. He said to me, “Will you not help her?”

    Answers:

    [A]

    1. He asks me if I am ready.

    2. He asked me if I was ready.

    3. She asks Ram if he has time for her.

    4. She asked Ram if he had time for her.

    5. Ram asks Leela if her sister is coming today.

    6. Ram asked Leela if her sister was coming that day.

    7. She asks him if she is dear to him.

    8. She asked him if she was dear to him.

    9. He asks me if I have stolen his pen.

    10. He asked me if I had stolen his pen.

    11. Mohan asks Sheela if she was not his friend.

    12. Mohan asked Sheela if she had not been his friend.

    13. She asks me if my brother was going to the market.

    14. She asked me if my brother had been going to the market.

    15. She asks her sister if she had done it.

    16. She asked her sister if she had done it.

    17. I asked him if he would help me.

    18. You asked Reeta if she could help you.

    19. She asks me if I should cheat her.

    20. He asked me if I would not help her.

    [B]

    1. He says to me, “Do you love me?”

    2. He said to me, “Do you love me?”

    3. She says to him, “Do you know me?”

    4. She said to him, “Do you know him?”

    5. She says to him, “Does he not help you?”

    6. She said to him, “Does he not help you?”

    7. She says to me, “Did you teach my sister?”

    8. She said to me, “Did you teach my sister?”

    9. He says to Leela, “Did you not love me?”

    10. He said to me, “Did you not love me?”

    11. He says to her, “Do you not like my sister?”

    12. He said to her, “Do you know my father?”

    13. He said to her, “Did you not like my father?”

    14. He said to her, “Do you think it may rain today?”

    15. She asked me, “Are you sorry for what you did?”

    16. He said me, “Does your mother love me?”

    17. He says to her, “Did you not give me your pen?”

    18. He said to her, “Did you not give me your pen?”

    19. He says to Sita, “Do you think I do not cheat you?”

    20. He said to Sita, “Do you think I did not cheat you?”

    Answers:

    [B]

    1. He asks me if I love him.

    2. He asked me if I loved him.

    3. She asks him if he knows her.

    4. She asked him if he knew him.

    5. She asks him if he does not help him.

    6. She asked him if he did not help him.

    7. She asks me if I taught her sister.

    8. She asked me if I had taught her sister.

    9. He asks Leela if she did not love him.

    10. He asked me if I had not loved him.

    11. He asks her if she does not like his sister.

    12. He asked her if she knew his father.

    13. He asked her if she had not liked his father.

    14. He asked her if she thought it might rain that day.

    15. She asked me if I was sorry for what I had done.

    16. He asked me if my mother loved him.

    17. He asks her if she did not give him her pen.

    18. He asked her if she had not given him her pen.

    19. He asks Sita if she thinks he does not cheat her.

    20. He asked Sita if she thought he had not cheated her.

    Solved Examples:

    1. He says to me, “Where do you live?”
    He asks me where I live.

    2. He said to me, “Where do you live?”
    He asked me where I lived.

    3. He said to me, “Why did you abuse me?”
    He asked me why I had abuse him.

    4. He said to Sita, “Why have you done this?”
    He asked Sita why she had done that.

    5. She says to me, “Who are you?”
    She asks me who I am.

    6. She said to me, “Who are you?”
    She asked me Who I as.

    7. He said to me, “Who went to you?”
    He asked me who had gone to me.

    8. He said to me, “What is your name?”
    He asked me what my name was.

    9. He said, “What was falling?”
    He asked what had been falling.

    10. He said to me, What will you do for me?”
    He asked me what I would do for him.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Put the following into indirect speech-

    [A]

    1. He says to me, “What do you eat?”

    2. He said to me, “What do you eat?”

    3. She says to Ram, “Why you do not help me?”

    4. She said to Ram, “Why do not help me?”

    5. He says to Gita, “When did you help me?”

    6. He said to Gita, “When did you help me?”

    7. Mohan says to beggar, “Why are you sad?’

    8. Mohan said to beggar, “Why are you sad?”

    9. My mother says to me, “When will you go?”

    10. My mother said to me, “When will you go?”

    11. The son said to his father, “When will you buy me a bicycle?”

    12. He said to me, “Why were you absent?”

    13. She said to me, “Where have you been working?”

    14. He said to, “Why are you disturbing me?”

    15. She said to the king, “What can I do for you?”

    16. He said to the boy, “Why have you caught my hen?”

    17. Ramu said to his mistress, “Why were you beating me for nothing?”

    18. He said to me, “Why had he not completed the job?”

    19. She said to the teacher, “How shall I repay you?”

    20. I said to the queen, “What have you for me?”

    [B]

    1. He says to me, “What is your name?”

    2. She said to me, “What is your name?”

    3. He says, “Who can do this?”

    4. He said, “Who can do this?”

    5. She said, “How much do you eat?”

    6. She said, “Who will help me?”

    7. He said to me, “Who has beaten you?”

    8. He said to me, “Who wanted to kill you?”

    9. She said, “What is this?”

    10. He asked, “which team won the match?”

    11. He said, “What happened?”

    12. I said to my father, “Who was with you?”

    13. He said to me, “Who can defeat me?”

    14. She said to me, “What should I do for you?”

    15. Ramu said, “Who was calling me?”

    16. The farmer said, “How long will it rain?”

    17. She said to me, “How many pens have you?”

    18. They said to me, “Who is helping you?”

    19. She said to him, “What is the problem with you?”

    20. The man said to the little girl, “Who are you and what do you want?”

    [C]

    1. “Where are the students? asked the teacher.

    2. “Do you want to go without me?” the father said to his son?”

    3. “Who killed your dog?” the man said to me.

    4. They said, “Who will save us?”

    5. The man said, “Have you written the letter?”

    6. The servant said, “The lawyer has come to see you?”

    7. He said to me, “Where is your bicycle?”

    8. I said to my father, “When did you give me money?”

    9. “Why was he going to you?” I said to him.

    10. He said, “God is everyone.”

    11. I said, “Mohan what are you doing today?”

    12. He said, “I shall go as soon as it is possible?”

    13. “What is this?” said Oberon to Puck?”

    14. She said to her husband, “What is it that makes you so sad?”

    15. He said, “Ravi, when is the nest train?”

    16. I said to her, “He likes you but I don’t like you?”

    17. My father said to me, “I shall buy you a bicycle if you do your homework in time?”

    18. He said to her, “Do you know who was teaching me and my brothers?”

    19. They said to me, “Where were our books?”

    20. He said, “God is kind to all of us.”

    Answers:

    [A]

    1. He asks me what I eat.

    2. He asked me what I ate.

    3. She asks Ram why he does not help her.

    4. She asked Ram why he did not help her.

    5. He asks Gita when she helped him.

    6. He asked Gita when she had helped him.

    7. Mohan asks the beggar why he is sad.

    8. Mohan asked the beggar why he was sad.

    9. My mother asks me when I will go.

    10. My mother asked me when I would go.

    11. The son asked his father when he would buy him a bicycle.

    12. He asked me why I was absent.

    13. She asked me where I had been working.

    14. He asked me why I was disturbing him.

    15. She asked the king what she could do for him.

    16. He asked the boy why he had caught his hen.

    17. Ramu asked his mistress why she had been beating him for nothing.

    18. He asked me why he had not completed the job.

    19. She asked the teacher how she should repay him.

    20. I asked the queen what she had for me.

    [B]

    1. He asks me what my name is.

    2. She asked me what my name was.

    3. He asks who can do this.

    4. He asked who could do this.

    5. She asked how much I eat.

    6. She asked who would help her.

    7. He asked me who had beaten me.

    8. He asked me who had wanted to kill me.

    9. She asked what that was.

    10. He asked which team had won the match.

    11. He asked what had happened.

    12. I asked my father who had been with him.

    13. He asked me who could defeat him.

    14. She asked me what she should do for me.

    15. Ramu asked who had been calling him.

    16. The farmer asked how long it would rain.

    17. She asked me how many pens I had.

    18. They asked me who was helping me.

    19. She asked him what the problem with him was.

    20. The man asked the little girl who she was and what she wanted.

    [C]

    1. The teacher asked where the students were.

    2. The father asked his son if he wanted to go without him.

    3. The man asked me who had killed my dog.

    4. They asked who would save them.

    5. The man asked if I had written the letter.

    6. The servant said that the lawyer had come to see me.

    7. He asked me where my bicycle was.

    8. I asked my father when he had given me money.

    9. I asked him why he had been going to me.

    10. He said that God is everyone.

    11. I asked Mohan what he was doing that day.

    12. He said that he would go as soon as it was possible.

    13. Oberon asked Puck what that was.

    14. She asked her husband what it was that made him so sad.

    15. He asked Ravi when the next train was.

    16. I told her that he liked her but I didn’t like her.

    17. My father told me that he would buy me a bicycle if I did my homework on time.

    18. He asked her if she knew who had been teaching him and his brothers.

    19. They asked me where their books were.

    20. He said that God is kind to all of us.

    IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: INDIRECT SPEECH

    Imperative Sentence से प्रायः order, command, advice या का बोध होता है। इसे में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखितकी सहायता लें –

    (a) Reporting Verb को अर्थ के अनुसार tell/ask/order/command/request/suggest/advise में बदल दें।

    (b) Direct Speech में Reporting Verb के बाद Object रहे या न रहे, Indirect Speech में Reporting Verb के बाद Object अवश्य दें।

    (c) Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त Please, Kindly आदि शब्दों का लोप कर दें।

    (d) Inverted Commas को to/not to में बदल दें और उसके बाद अभीष्ट Verb का V1 दें। फिर अन्य पदों को General Rules of Narration के अनुसार दें। अब आप संपूर्ण प्रक्रिया को नीचे दिए गए उदाहरणों से समझें।

    1. He said to me, “Bring a glass water.”
    He ordered me to bring a glass of water.
    2. The doctor said to me, “Walk in the morning,”
    The doctor advised me to walk in morning.
    3. My son said to me, “Please buy me a coat.”
    My son requested me to buy him a coat.
    4. He said, “Run”
    He ordered to me run.
    5. She said, “”Ram, do as I say.”
    She told/asked/ordered Ram to do as she said
    6. The teacher said, “Show me that work that you have done.”
    The teacher told/asked/ordered the student to show him the work that he (the student) had done.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Put the following into indirect speech-

    1. She said to me, “Bring a glass of water.”

    2. She said to me, “Bring me a glass of water.”

    3. He said to me, “Go there.”

    4. The old man said to his servant,” Close the door.”

    5. He said, “Stand up on the bench.”

    6. My mother said to me, ” Switch off the T.V.”

    7. My son said to me, “Please give me some money.”

    8. He said to his wife, “Prepare a cup of tea.”

    9. The doctor said to me, “Take the medicine in time.”

    10. Mother said to me, “Go to market.”

    11. The beggar said to me, “Kindly give me some food.”

    12. The teacher said, “Get up early.”

    13. The doctor said to me, “Take care of your health.”

    14. She said to me, “Have a cup of tea.”

    15. The saint said to me, “Believe in God.”

    16. He said to her, “Wait for me till I God.”

    17. He said to her, “Please remember what I told you.”

    18. Mohan said to his brother, “Depend on what I say.”

    19. The teacher said, “Work hard if you want to get success.”

    20. She said to us, “Do whatever you like.”

    Answers:

    1. She told me to bring a glass of water.

    2. She told me to bring her a glass of water.

    3. He told me to go there.

    4. The old man told his servant to close the door.

    5. He told me to stand up on the bench.

    6. My mother told me to switch off the T.V.

    7. My son requested me to give him some money.

    8. He told his wife to prepare a cup of tea.

    9. The doctor told me to take the medicine in time.

    10. Mother told me to go to the market.

    11. The beggar requested me to give him some food.

    12. The teacher told me to get up early.

    13. The doctor told me to take care of my health.

    14. She told me to have a cup of tea.

    15. The saint told me to believe in God.

    16. He told her to wait for him till he came.

    17. He told her to remember what he had told her.

    18. Mohan told his brother to depend on what he said.

    19. The teacher told me to work hard if I wanted to get success.

    20. She told us to do whatever we liked.

    NEGATIVE IMPERATIVES

    यदि Imperatives Sentence Don’t से शुरु हो, तो Indirect Speech में to के बदले ‘not to’ दें या Reporting Verb को forbid में बदलें, जैसा कि इन उदाहरणों से स्पष्ट है-

    1. He told me, “Don’t shout in the class.”
    He asked me not to shout in the class.
    or, He forbade me to shout in the class.

    2. He said, “Don’t make too much noise, children.”
    He asked the children not to make too much noise.
    or He forbade the children to make too muchnoise.

    3. “Don’t drive too fast, “she said
    She told me not to drive too fast.
    She forbade me to drive too fast.

    Note: ध्यान दें कि forbade के बाद not to का प्रयोग नहीं होकर सिर्फ ‘to’ का प्रयोग हुआ है।

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Put the following into indirect speech-

    1. My father said to me, “Don’t walk in the sun.”
    2. Ram said to his servant, “Do not do this.”
    3. He said, “My son, don’t kill the bird.”
    4. He said, “Don’t sleep late.”
    5. The teacher told us, “don’t talk in the class.”
    6. The doctor said to her, “Don’t drink.”
    7. He said, “Don’t ask many questions.”
    8. The beggar said, “Don’t bear me,”
    9. The thief said to the judge, “Don’t send me to jail.”
    10. He said, “Don’t touch this wire, John”
    11. “Don’t stay here,” she said.
    12. The student said to the teacher, “Please do not order me to go out of the class.”
    13. Ranjan said to his friend, “Do not spoil your health.”
    14. She said to me, “Don’t go today.”
    15. I said, “Don’t be misguided.”
    16. The doctor said to me, “Don’t smoke if you want to improve your health.”
    17. The teacher, “Don’t make a noise when I am in the class.
    18. I said, “Don’t drive fast when the road is busy.”
    19. She said o him, “Do not go there if you want to stay here.”
    20. I said to my friend, “Don’t be afraid when you are with me.”

    Answers: +

    1. My father told me not to walk in the sun.

    2. Ram told his servant not to do that.

    3. He advised his son not to kill the bird.

    4. He advised not to sleep late.

    5. The teacher told us not to talk in the class.

    6. The doctor advised her not to drink.

    7. He advised not to ask many questions.

    8. The beggar pleaded not to beat him.

    9. The thief begged the judge not to send him to jail.

    10. He warned John not to touch that wire.

    11. She advised not to stay there.

    12. The student requested the teacher not to order him to go out of the class.

    13. Ranjan advised his friend not to spoil his health.

    14. She advised me not to go that day.

    15. I advised not to be misguided.

    16. The doctor advised me not to smoke if I wanted to improve my health.

    17. The teacher instructed not to make noise when he/she was in the class.

    18. I advised not to drive fast when the road was busy.

    19. She advised him not to go there if he wanted to stay here.

    20. I told my friend not to be afraid when he was with me.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Put the following into indirect speech –

    1. “Don’t believe everything you hear, “he warned me.
    2. “Look before you leap,” he said to her.
    3. He said, “Follow her if she leaves the house.”
    4. “Who put salt in my coffee?” she said.
    5. He said, I had to help you.”
    6. He said to me, “I can’t tell you how grateful I am.”
    7. She said, “Do you know who is coming?”
    8. Amit said to me, “Where did you go yesterday?”
    9. She said to her servant, “Do as I tell you.”
    10. She said, “The sun never rises in the west.”
    11. “What makes you cry?” asked his sister.
    12. She said to the maid, “Go and send off this letter.”
    13. My mother said, “Do not go against your father.”
    14. “Don’t be afraid, my children,” said the host.
    15. The gentleman said, “I am free to do what I like with my walking stick.”
    16. He said, “Oil and water do not mix,”
    17. He asked, “Where is the doctor and what is he doing?”
    18. He said, “God is everywhere.”
    19. She said, “Work is worship.”
    20. He said to me, “Please give me your bicycle for a day.”

    Answers:

    1. He warned me not to believe everything I heard.

    2. He advised her to look before she leaped.

    3. He told me to follow her if she left the house.

    4. She asked who had put salt in her coffee.

    5. He said that he had to help me.

    6. He told me that he couldn’t express how grateful he was.

    7. She asked if I knew who was coming.

    8. Amit asked me where I had gone the previous day.

    9. She instructed her servant to do as she told.

    10. She stated that the sun never rises in the west.

    11. His sister asked what made him cry.

    12. She instructed the maid to go and send off that letter.

    13. My mother advised me not to go against my father.

    14. The host told his children not to be afraid.

    15. The gentleman said that he was free to do what he liked with his walking stick.

    16. He stated that oil and water do not mix.

    17. He asked where the doctor was and what he was doing.

    18. He said that God is everywhere.

    19. She said that work is worship.

    20. He requested me to give him my bicycle for a day.

    OPTATIVE SENTENCE: INDIRECT SPEECH

    Optative Sentence के अभिशाप, आशीर्वाद, प्रार्थना या इच्छा का बोध होता है। इसे Indirect Speech बदला जा सकता है।इसके लिए पुर्व बताए गए General Rules के अलावा निम्नलिखित Special Rules का सहायता लें-

    (a) Reporting Verb को वाक्य के अनुसार curse/bless/pray/wish में बदल दें।

    (b) Inverted Commas के बदले that दें।

    (c) Optative Sentence को Assertive Sentence में बदल दें। अर्थात् Subject के बाद Verb दें। फिर तथा अन्य पद का परिवर्तन सामान्य नियम के अनुसार करें।

    (d) अंत में full stop दें।

    अब आप सम्पुर्ण प्रक्रिया को नीचे दिए गए उदाहरणों से समझें –

    1. He said to me, “May you live long!”
    He blessed me that I might live long.

    2. My father said to me, “May you get success!”
    My father wished me that I might get success!”

    3. They said, “May God save the king!”
    They wished/prayed that God might save the king.

    4. He said to her, “May you die!”
    He cursed her that she might die.

    Note: (a) ऐसे वाक्यों में wish/pray के बाद object म दें।

    (b) यदि Optative Sentence में May का प्रयोग नहीं हो, तो उसे वाक्य में जोड़ दें और तब वाक्य को Indirect Speech में बदलें।

    5. They said, “Long live our friendship!”
    They wished that their friendship might live long.

    6. The saint said, “God bless you!”
    The saint prayed that God might bless me.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Turn the following into indirect speech-

    1. He said to me, “May you get success!”

    2. The mother said to her son, “May God bless you!”

    3. The woman said, “May you die of cholera!”

    4. The priest said to me, “May you be happy!”

    5. He said, “May God pardon this sinner!”

    6. She said, “May you die!”

    7. My father said to me, “May God help you!”

    8. The hermit said, “May you be blessed with a son!”

    9. We said, “May the soul Gandhiji get peace in the Heaven!”

    10. He said, “May the Prime Minister live long!”

    11. He said to me, “May you live long!”

    12. He said, “God save the king!”

    13. They said, “Long live our friendship!”

    14. The people said, “Long live the king!”

    15. The woman said to me, “May you die soon!”

    16. My friend said, “May you succeed in the your examination!”

    17. He said, “God save the President!”

    18. The workers said, “Long live our unity!”

    19. “May God bless the good boy!” said the old lady.

    20. The Principal said, “May you get a first class!”

    Answers:

    1. He wished me success.

    2. The mother prayed that God would bless her son.

    3. The woman cursed that I might die of cholera.

    4. The priest wished me happiness.

    5. He prayed that God would pardon the sinner.

    6. She cursed that I might die.

    7. My father prayed that God would help me.

    8. The hermit blessed me that I might be blessed with a son.

    9. We prayed that Gandhiji’s soul might get peace in Heaven.

    10. He prayed that the Prime Minister might live long.

    11. He wished that I might live long.

    12. He prayed that God might save the king.

    13. They prayed for the long life of their friendship.

    14. The people prayed that the king might live long.

    15. The woman cursed that I might die soon.

    16. My friend wished that I might succeed in my examination.

    17. He prayed that God might save the President.

    18. The workers prayed for the long life of their unity.

    19. The old lady prayed that God might bless the good boy.

    20. The Principal wished that I might get a first class.

    EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES: INDIRECT SPEECH

    Exclamatory Sentences से प्रायः हर्ष, विषाद, क्रोध, घृणा, आश्चर्य या प्रशंषा का भाव व्यक्त होता है। इन्हें Indirect Speech में बदला जा सकता है। इसके लिए पुर्व बताए गए General Rules के अलावा निम्नलिखित Special Rules का सहायता लें –

    (a) Reporting Verb exclaim with joy/sorrow/surprise/anger/contempt/regret/applause में बदल दें।

    हर्ष / खुशी / उल्लास के लिए (exclaim with joy)

    दुख / शोक के लिए (exclaim with sorrow )

    आश्चर्य / विस्मय के लिए (exclaim with surprise)

    क्रोध के लिए (exclaim with anger)

    तिस्कार / घृणा के लिए exclaim with contempt

    प्रशंसा के लिए (exclaim with applause)

    पश्चाताप / अफसोस के लिए (exclaim with regret )

    (b) Inverted Commas के बदले that दें।

    (c) Ah! Oh! Alas! इत्यादि शब्दों का लोप कर दें।

    (d) Exclamatory Sentences को Assertive में बदल दें। अगर Inverted Commas के भीतर अधुरे वाक्य हों, तो उनमें Verb तथा अन्य पद अपनी ओर से जोड़ दें ताकि उनमें निहित भाव सहजता से प्रकट हो सके।

    Note: पहले आप Exclamatory Sentences को Assertive Sentences में बदलना सीखें। इसके लिए कुछ common examples दिए जा रहे हैं, जिन्हें समझें-

    1. What a beautiful girl she is!
    She is a very beautiful girl.

    2. What a place it is!
    It is a very fine place.

    3. What a fool I was!
    I was big fool.

    4. How fast the baby runs!
    The baby runs very fast.

    5. What a place! / What a place is it.
    It is a very fine/strange/lonely place.

    6. What a fool! /What a fool he is!
    He is a great fool.

    7. What a fall!
    It is a big fall.

    8. How dark the night is!
    The night is very dark.

    9. Nonsense!
    It is nonsense.

    10. Oh! Enough!
    It is enough.

    Some Solved Examples:

    1. He said, “Alas! I am ruined.”
    He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

    2. The boy said, “Alas! My cat is dead.”
    The boy exclaimed with sorrow that his cat was dead.

    3. The boys said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”
    The boys exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

    4. The Headmaster said, “Alas! Mrs Indira Gandhi is no more!”
    The Headmaster exclaimed with sorrow that Mrs Indira Gandhi is no more!”

    5. He said, “What a Beautiful girl she is!”
    He exclaimed with joy that she was a very beautiful girl.

    6. She said, “How fast my baby runs!
    She exclaimed with joy that her baby ran very fast.

    7. He said, “What a fool I am!”
    He exclaimed with sorrow/regret that he was a big fool.

    8. He said, “What a place!”
    He exclaimed with joy that it was a very fine place.
    or, He exclaimed with surprise that it was a very strange place.

    9. He said, “What a fall!”
    He exclaimed with sorrow that it was a big fall!”

    10. Ram said, “What an idea!”
    Ram exclaimed with joy that it was an extraordinary idea.

    11. I said, “Oh! Enough!”
    I exclaimed with disgust that it was enough.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Put the following into indirect speech-

    1. She said, “Alas! I am ruined.”

    2. The girl said, “Alas! My dog is dead.”

    3. He said, “Oh! I have cut my finger.”

    4. The players said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”

    5. She said, “Bravo! You have done well.”

    6. He said. “Hurrah! I have got a prize.”

    7. He said, “Ah! I am happy now.”

    .8. He said, “What a beautiful girl she is.”

    9. They said, “What a place it is!”

    10. She said, “How fast my baby runs!”

    11. He said, “What a fool I am!”

    12. They said, “Ah! Our friend has come from America.”

    13. They said, “How kind the king is!”

    14. He said, “How dark the night is!”

    15. She said, “How sweetly she sings!”

    16. Sonu said, “What a beautiful sight it is!”

    17. He said, “How foolish I was!”

    18. They said, “What a fall!”

    19. He said, “Oh! Enough!”

    20. She said, “What a beautiful flower!”

    21. She said, “Nonsense!”

    22. The girl said, “What a fine morning!”

    23. He said, “How clever I am!”

    24. She said, “What a nice film it is!”

    25. They said, “How cruel the king is!”

    Answers:

    1. She exclaimed with sorrow that she was ruined.

    2. The girl exclaimed with sorrow that her dog was dead.

    3. He exclaimed with pain that he had cut his finger.

    4. The players exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

    5. She applauded him, saying that he had done well.

    6. He exclaimed with joy that he had got a prize.

    7. He exclaimed with happiness that he was happy now.

    8. He exclaimed with admiration that she was a very beautiful girl.

    9. They exclaimed with surprise about what a place it was.

    10. She exclaimed with amazement at how fast her baby ran.

    11. He exclaimed with regret that he was a fool.

    12. They exclaimed with joy that their friend had come from America.

    13. They exclaimed with admiration that the king was very kind.

    14. He exclaimed with surprise that the night was very dark.

    15. She exclaimed with admiration at how sweetly she sang.

    16. Sonu exclaimed with admiration at what a beautiful sight it was.

    17. He exclaimed with regret that he had been foolish.

    18. They exclaimed with surprise at what a fall it was.

    19. He exclaimed in frustration that it was enough.

    20. She exclaimed with admiration at what a beautiful flower it was.

    21. She exclaimed in frustration that it was nonsense.

    22. The girl exclaimed with admiration at what a fine morning it was.

    23. He exclaimed with pride that he was very clever.

    24. She exclaimed with admiration that it was a nice film.

    25. They exclaimed with disgust that the king was very cruel.

    MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE

    Direction: Put the following into indirect speech-

    1. He said, “I shall go tomorrow.”

    2. She said to me, “Will you listen to me?”

    3. He said to him, “Please wait here till return.”

    4. Sohan said, “How clever I am!”

    5. “Who are you what do you want?” she said.

    6. He said, “Have you anything to tell me, Roxy?”

    7. She said to me, “What is the name of your brother?”

    8. They said, “May the king live long!”

    9. I said to him, “Don’t move in the sun!”

    10. She said to the beggar, “How much do you want?”

    11. He said to him, “Isn’t your name Ravi?”

    12. She said to her father, “When will you buy me a frock?”

    13. Ram said, “God is Almighty.”

    14. He said to me, “May you live long!”

    15. He said to me, “Why did you laugh at me.”

    16. He says to me, “What were you doing with my toy?”

    17. The teacher said, “The earth moves round the sun.”

    18. He said, “What a fine picture!”

    19. He says to me, “I shall help you if you help me.”

    20. He said to them, “I was waiting for you.”

    21. He said, “I am now speaking to this boy.”

    22. He said, “It is not so foggy today as it was yesterday.”

    23. “Okay, “I will come again tomorrow,” he said.

    24. He said to her, “Why did you give up your study?”

    25. I said to him, “How can you prove that she loves you?”

    26. He said, “What is the problem here?”

    27. The teacher said, “Don’t shout when I am in the class.”

    28. The doctor said to me, “Take the medicine in time,”

    29. He said, “My sons, don’t waste your time.”

    30. The leader said, “Long live our unity!”

    31. The woman said, “May you die of cholera!”

    32. He said to me, “I wanted to help you but I am not going to help you because you have never been kind to me.”

    33. He said to me, “How much money can you give me for the service I have done to you?”

    34. Ramu said, “What a place!”

    35. “Stop this horrible noise,” he said.

    36. The prince said, “It gives me great pleasure to be here this evening.”

    Answers:

    1. He said that he would go the next day.

    2. She asked me if I would listen to her.

    3. He requested him to wait there till he returned.

    4. Sohan exclaimed with pride that he was very clever.

    5. She asked who he was and what he wanted.

    6. He asked Roxy if she had anything to tell him.

    7. She asked me what the name of my brother was.

    8. They prayed that the king might live long.

    9. I advised him not to move in the sun.

    10. She asked the beggar how much he wanted.

    11. He asked him if his name was not Ravi.

    12. She asked her father when he would buy her a frock.

    13. Ram said that God is Almighty.

    14. He blessed me that I might live long.

    15. He asked me why I had laughed at him.

    16. He asks me what I was doing with his toy.

    17. The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.

    18. He exclaimed with admiration that it was a fine picture.

    19. He tells me that he will help me if I help him.

    20. He told them that he had been waiting for them.

    21. He said that he was then speaking to that boy.

    22. He said that it was not as foggy that day as it had been the day before.

    23. He said that he would come again the next day.

    24. He asked her why she had given up her study.

    25. I asked him how he could prove that she loved him.

    26. He asked what the problem was there.

    27. The teacher instructed the class not to shout when he was in the class.

    28. The doctor advised me to take the medicine on time.

    29. He advised his sons not to waste their time.

    30. The leader wished long life to their unity.

    31. The woman cursed that he might die of cholera.

    32. He told me that he had wanted to help me, but he was not going to help me because I had never been kind to him.

    33. He asked me how much money I could give him for the service he had done for me.

    34. Ramu exclaimed with surprise at what a place it was.

    35. He ordered them to stop the horrible noise.

    36. The prince said that it gave him great pleasure to be there that evening.

  • Voice in English Grammar

    Voice: Voice किसी वाक्य में प्रयुक्त का वह रुप है जो यह दिखाता है कि या तो कर्ता कुछ करता है या स्वयं कर्ता पर ही कुछ घटित होता है। Voice दो प्रकार के होते हैं –

    1. Active Voice
    2. Passive Voice

    1. Active Voice: यदि किसी वाक्य का कर्ता क्रिया का संपादन करता है, तो उस वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Verb को Active Voice में होना समझा जाता है।

    A verb is said to be in the active voice when its form shows that the persons or things denoted by the subject does something.

    2. Passive Voice: यदि वाक्य का कर्ता सक्रिय नहीं है, क्रिया का संपादन नही करता है, बल्कि क्रिया उसी पर संपादित होती है, तो प्रयुक्त Verb को Passive Voice मे होना समझा जाता है।

    A verb is said to be in the passive voice when its form shows that something is done to the person or thing denoted by the subject.

    अर्थात्

    यदि Subject doer है, तो Verb Active Voice में
    यदि Subject receiver of the action है, तो Verb Passive Voice में

    इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें –

    1. Ram teaches. (राम पढ़ता है। )

    2. Ram is taught. (राम को पढ़ाया जाता है। )

    यहाँ प्रथम वाक्य में राम पढ़ने का काम करता है अर्थात् वह doer (काम करनेवाला) है। अतः प्रयुक्त Verb ‘teaches’ Active Voice में हुआ। दुसरे वाक्य में राम कुछ करता नहीं हैं, वल्कि उसी पर पढ़ाने का काम संपादित होता है। यहाँ Ram doer नही है। अतः प्रयुक्त verb ‘is taught’ Passive Voice में हुआ।

    Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदलने का नियम

    इसे ध्यान ले देखें और समझें –

    Voice का interchanging करते वक्त Active Verb के Object को Passive Verb का Subject बना दिया जाता है और Active Voice के Subject को Passive Verb का बना agent दिया जाता है। अगर यह agent वाक्य के अर्थ/भाव को स्पष्ट करने के लिए आवश्यक हुआ तो इसे clause/sentence के अंत में by या अन्य उपयुक्त preposition लगाकर रख दिया जाता है, अन्यथा इसका लोप कर दिया जाता है। विशेष ध्यान Verb पर देने की जरुरत होती है।
    Active Verb को Passive में बदलने के लिए अभीष्ट Main Verb को Past Participle Tense में बदला जाता है और उसके पहले Verb ‘to be’ का प्रयोग उपयुक्त Number, Person और tense में किया जाता है।
    Note: Pronoun जब subject के रुप में प्रयुक्त होता है, तब वह Nominative Case में रहता है और जब Object के रुप प्रयुक्त होता है, तब वह Objective Case में रहता है।

    Nominative Case (I, we, you, he, she, it, they)

    Objective Case (me, us, you, him, her, it, them)

    अब विभिन्न Tenses के Active Verbs को Passive में बदलने की प्रक्रिया पर विचार करें –

    1. PRESENT INDEFINTIE TENSE

    [Passive Verb Form: am / is / are + V3

    Active

    Ram eats a mango.

    Ram eats mangos. ‘

    I love him.

    He loves me.

    She teaches you.

    We respect him.

    Passive

    A mango is eat by Ram.

    Mangos are eaten by Ram.

    He is loved by me.

    I am loved by him.

    You are taught by her.

    He is respected by us.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into the passive voice-

    1. Mohan eats a mango.
    2. Mohan eats mangoes.
    3. I eat a mango.
    4. I love you.
    5. You love me.
    6. She helps them.
    7. she help her.
    8. They help him.
    9. They help me.
    10. We help him.
    11. Mohan beats Sohan.
    12. Sohan beats me.
    13. I like it.
    14. She sings a song.
    15. I write a letter.
    16. My brother loves me.
    17. I love my brother.
    18. This boy helps me.
    19. I help that boy.
    20. She sells toys.
    21. They cook rice.
    22. He posts the letter.
    23. She likes your brother.
    24. Your brother likes her.
    25. He helps everybody.
    26. I follow the rules.
    27. I help the poor.
    28. My father likes her.
    29. I help those poor boys.
    30. They answer the question.

    Answers:

    1. A mango is eaten by Mohan.
    2. Mangoes are eaten by Mohan.
    3. A mango is eaten by me.
    4. You are loved by me.
    5. I am loved by you.
    6. They are helped by her.
    7. She is helped by her.
    8. He is helped by them.
    9. I am helped by them.
    10. He is helped by us.
    11. Sohan is beaten by Mohan.
    12. I am beaten by Sohan.
    13. It is liked by me.
    14. A song is sung by her.
    15. A letter is written by me.
    16. I am loved by my brother.
    17. My brother is loved by me.
    18. I am helped by this boy.
    19. That boy is helped by me.
    20. Toys are sold by her.
    21. Rice is cooked by them.
    22. The letter is posted by him.
    23. Your brother is liked by her.
    24. She is liked by your brother.
    25. Everybody is helped by him.
    26. The rules are followed by me.
    27. The poor are helped by me.
    28. She is liked by my father.
    29. Those poor boys are helped by me.
    30. The question is answered by them.

    Note: इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें –

    1. Active (She loves me. )
    Passive (I am loved by her. )

    2. Active (People speak Hindi in Bihar. )
    Passive (Hindi is spoken in Bihar. )

    यहाँ प्रथम वाक्य के Passive में by + agent (by her) का प्रयोग हुआ है, जो आवश्यक है। दूसरे वाक्य के Passive में by + agent (by people) का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है क्योंकि यहाँ Passive Sentence के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए by + agent देना आवश्यक नहीं है। Active से Passive बनाते समय Agent का प्रयोग तभी किया जाता है जब agent का प्रयोग वाक्य के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक होता है। जब Active Verb का Subject one, someone, somebody, nobody, people या अन्य vague / understood/common Subject रहता है, तब Passive Verb प्रयुक्त होने पर इसका लोप कर दिया जाता है। कुछ वाक्यों में I, we, you, they, he, she, a man, a boy, जैसे agents का भी आवश्यकतानुसार Passive Verb प्रयुक्त होने पर लोप कर दिया जाता है। अतः आप वाक्य के अर्थ को समझते हुए यह निर्णय लें कि अभीष्ट Passive Sentence में Agent का प्रयोग आवश्यक है या नहीं।

    Solved Examples:

    1. Active ( We expect good news. )
    Passive (Good news is expected. )

    2. Active (No one respects a dishonest man in our society. )
    Passive ( A dishonest man is not respected in our society. )

    3. Active (In India people worship the cow.)
    Passive (In India the cow is worshipped. )

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into the passive voice
    Hint: [सिर्फ 5 और 8 में ही by + agent का प्रयोग करें , अन्य के साथ नहीं।]

    1. people speak English all over the world.
    2. People grow cotton in India.
    3. We expect good news.
    4. In our country we exploit the poor.
    5. Everyday my father teaches me.
    6. People remember Bhagat Singh for his bravery.
    7. Everyone hates Mohan because he is a thief.
    8. Our leaders misguide us.
    9. We keep butter here.
    10. One uses milk for making curd and sweets.

    Answers:

    1. English is spoken all over the world.
    2. Cotton is grown in India.
    3. Good news is expected.
    4. In our country, the poor are exploited.
    5. Everyday I am taught by my father.
    6. Bhagat Singh is remembered for his bravery.
    7. Mohan is hated because he is a thief.
    8. We are misguided by our leaders.
    9. Butter is kept here.
    10. Milk is used for making curd and sweets.

    2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    [Passive Verb Form: am /is / are + being + V3]

    Active

    I am eating a mango.

    They are singing songs.

    He is helping his mother.

    She is vexing me.

    They are doing it.

    They are cutting the old trees.

    Passive

    A mango is being eaten by me.

    Songs are being sung (by them).

    His mother is being helped by her.

    I am being vexed by her.

    It is being done by them.

    The old tress are being cut.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Turn the following into the passive voice-

    1. She is eating a mango.
    2. She is eating mangos.
    3. I am writing a letter.
    4. He is helping me.
    5. He is helping us.
    6. They are helping her.
    7. I am learning it.
    8. She is drawing a picture.
    9. He is cleaning the car.
    10. The cat is drinking milk.
    11. He is cutting the tree.
    12. He is cutting the trees.
    13. She is cooking food.
    14. They are selling books.
    15. She is doing nothing.
    16. She is cheating me.
    17. They are painting the wall.
    18. I am opening the door.
    19. They are watching the match.
    20. I am solving the sum.

    Solved Examples:
    1. Active They are doing nothing against me.
    Passive Nothing is being done against me.
    2. Active She is looking at me.
    Passive I am being looked at by her.
    3. Active She is watching you.
    Passive You are being watched by her.

    Answers:

    1. A mango is being eaten by her.

    2. Mangos are being eaten by her.

    3. A letter is being written by me.

    4. I am being helped by him.

    5. We are being helped by him.

    6. She is being helped by them.

    7. It is being learned by me.

    8. A picture is being drawn by her.

    9. The car is being cleaned by him.

    10. Milk is being drunk by the cat.

    11. The tree is being cut by him.

    12. The trees are being cut by him.

    13. Food is being cooked by her.

    14. Books are being sold by them.

    15. Nothing is being done by her.

    16. I am being cheated by her.

    17. The wall is being painted by them.

    18. The door is being opened by me.

    19. The match is being watched by them.

    20. The sum is being solved by me.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Turn the following into the passive voice-
    [Hint: 2, 4, 5 और 10 में by + agent देने की जरुरत नहीं है।]

    1. He is answering the question.
    2. The doctor is examining the patient.
    3. The children are painting the wall.
    4. They are cutting the old trees.
    5. We are doing nothing against you.
    6. Some boys are helping the poor man.
    7. He is watching you.
    8. She is beating her youngest son.
    9. The nurse is looking after the patient.
    10. They are doing nothing for the people of India.

    Answers:

    1. The question is being answered by him.

    2. The patient is being examined by the doctor.

    3. The wall is being painted by the children.

    4. The old trees are being cut (by them).

    5. Nothing is being done against you by us.

    6. The poor man is being helped by some boys.

    7. You are being watched by him.

    8. Her youngest son is being beaten by her.

    9. The patient is being looked after by the nurse.

    10. Nothing is being done for the people of India by them.

    3. PERSENT PERFECT TENSE
    [Passive Verb Form: have / has + been + V3]

    Active

    I have eaten a mango.

    She has finished the work.

    They have cheated me.

    Ram has disturbed them.

    Someone has stolen my pen.

    He has cut his finger.

    They have published the result.

    Passive

    A mango has been eaten by me.

    The work has been finished by her.

    I have been cheated by them.

    They have been disturbed by Ram.

    My pen has been stolen.

    His finger has been cut.

    The result has been published.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Put the following into the passive voice –

    1. I have killed two tigers.
    2. She was cheated me.
    3. I have helped her.
    4. They have helped us.
    5. He has taught her.
    6. This boy has made it.
    7. Ram has built the house.
    8. She has invited me.
    9. He has cut the trees.
    10. Sita has written a letter.
    11. Ram has seen me.
    12. Moti has broken the glass.
    13. They have followed it.
    14. I have liked this.
    15. I have loved you.
    16. She has taught him.
    17. He has cheated her.
    18. Mohan has learnt it.
    19. He has bought a car.
    20. I have informed them.

    Solved Examples:

    1. Active (Someone has stolen my car.)
    Passive (My car has been stolen. )

    2. Active (No one has seen that mad man for ten days. )
    Passive ( That mad man has not been seen for ten days. )

    मूल वाक्य का Subject No one रहने की वजह से Passive Sentence के Verb को Negative बनाया जाता है।

    Answers:

    1. Two tigers have been killed by me.

    2. I was cheated by her.

    3. She has been helped by me.

    4. We have been helped by them.

    5. She has been taught by him.

    6. It has been made by this boy.

    7. The house has been built by Ram.

    8. I have been invited by her.

    9. The trees have been cut by him.

    10. A letter has been written by Sita.

    11. I have been seen by Ram.

    12. The glass has been broken by Moti.

    13. It has been followed by them.

    14. This has been liked by me.

    15. You have been loved by me.

    16. He has been taught by her.

    17. She has been cheated by him.

    18. It has been learnt by Mohan.

    19. A car has been bought by him.

    20. They have been informed by me.

    EXERCISE

    Direction: Change the following into the passive voice –
    [Hint: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13 और 14 में by + agent देने की जरुरत नहीं है।

    1. They have seen the ghost.
    2. You have made several mistakes.
    3. The police have caught the thief.
    4. Someone has broken my glass.
    5. We have bought some books.
    6. Someone has picked my pocket.
    7. He has hurt his leg in an accident.
    8. No one has said anything about it.
    9. They have published the result.
    10. They have killed that innocent child.
    11. Shakespeare has written this beautiful poem.
    12. The mob has broken all the shop windows.
    13. Somebody has invited you to dinner.
    14. Someone has stolen my car.
    15. Some of our neighbours have done this.

    Answers:

    1. The ghost has been seen by them.

      2. Several mistakes have been made by you.

      3. The thief has been caught (by the police).

      4. My glass has been broken (by someone).

      5. Some books have been bought by us.

      6. My pocket has been picked (by someone).

      7. His leg has been hurt in an accident.

      8. Nothing has been said about it.

      9. The result has been published (by them).

      10. That innocent child has been killed (by them).

      11. This beautiful poem has been written by Shakespeare.

      12. All the shop windows have been broken by the mob.

      13. You have been invited to dinner (by somebody).

      14. My car has been stolen (by someone).

      15. This has been done by some of our neighbours.

      Note: Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Continuous Tense, तथा Future Perfect Continuous Tense का प्रयोग सामान्यतया नहीं होता है। इसलिए हम इस पुस्तक में इन चारों Tenses के Passive Verb Forms की चर्चा नहीं करेगें। इस पुस्तक को पढ़ने के बाद आप Oxford Current English Grammar अवश्य पढ़े जिसमें इन चारों Tenses के Passive Verb Forms की चर्चा विस्तारपुर्वक की गई है।

      4. PAST INDFINITE TENSE
      [Passive Verb Form: was /were + V3 ]

      Active

      I ate a mango.

      I ate some mangoes.

      I ate some mangoes.

      The Police arrested him.

      Someone stole my pen.

      Passive

      A mango was eaten by me.

      Some mangoes were eaten by me.

      He was arrested.

      My pen was stolen.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Put the following into the passive voice –
      [Hint: 9, 11, और 13 के Passive में by + agent देने की जरुरत नहीं है]

      1. I helped you.
      2. You helped me.
      3. He bought a car.
      4. She warned him.
      5. I ate mangoes.
      6. They won the match.
      7. She taught the boys.
      8. I broke the glass.
      9. The police caught the thief.
      10. He finished the work soon.
      11. The robbers robbed him.
      12. The fire damaged the building.
      13. They looted the house.
      14. She challenges me.
      15. She made it.
      16. I invited both of them.
      17. I made several mistakes.
      18. She found the lost bag.
      19. I cleaned the cars.
      20. I posted all the letters.

      Solved Examples:

      1. Active A girl saved my life.
      Passive My life was saved by a girl.
      2. Active They admired for his bravery.
      Passive He was admired for his bravery.
      3. Active Most of them opposed me.
      Passive I was opposed by most of them.

      Answers:

      1. You were helped by me.

      2. I was helped by you.

      3. A car was bought by him.

      4. He was warned by her.

      5. Mangoes were eaten by me.

      6. The match was won by them.

      7. The boys were taught by her.

      8. The glass was broken by me.

      9. The thief was caught by the police.

      10. The work was finished by him soon.

      11. He was robbed by the robbers.

      12. The building was damaged by the fire.

      13. The house was looted by them.

      14. I am challenged by her.

      15. It was made by her.

      16. Both of them were invited by me.

      17. Several mistakes were made by me.

      18. The lost bag was found by her.

      19. The cars were cleaned by me.

      20. All the letters were posted by me.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive –
      [Hint: 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12 और 15 में by + agent देने की जरुरत नहीं है।]

      1. The doctor examined the patient.
      2. Shakespeare wrote “As you like it”.
      3. They admire him for his courage.
      4. They looted the house yesterday.
      5. they found him guilty of murder.
      6. The Indians won the match.
      7. Most people opposed this.
      8. The farmer saved the snake’s life.
      9. The police arrested some thieves last night.
      10. Tigers attacked the travellers.
      11. A boy of ten saved my life.
      12. They warned me again and again.
      13. Most people opposed this.
      14. No one loved me.
      15. Someone stole my purse in the train.

      Answers:

      1. The patient was examined.

      2. “As you like it” was written by Shakespeare.

      3. He is admired for his courage.

      4. The house was looted yesterday.

      5. He was found guilty of murder.

      6. The match was won by the Indians.

      7. This was opposed by most people.

      8. The snake’s life was saved by the farmer.

      9. Some thieves were arrested last night.

      10. The travellers were attacked by tigers.

      11. My life was saved by a boy of ten.

      12. I was warned again and again.

      13. This was opposed by most people.

      14. I was loved by no one.

      15. My purse was stolen in the train.

      6. PAST PERFECT TENSE
      [Passive Verb Form: had been + V3]

      Active

      I had done the work.

      She had written the letter.

      She had informed us.

      Somebody had stolen my pen.

      Ram had completed the work.

      Passive

      The work had been done by me.

      The letter had been written by her.

      We had been informed by her.

      My pen had been stolen.

      The work had been completed by Ram.

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive –
      [Hint: इन 20 वाक्यों में 12 ऐसे वाक्य है, जिनके Passive में by + agent देने की जरुरत नहीं हैं।]

      1. I had painted the wall.
      2. She had informed me.
      3. They had already cheated us. (had already been)
      4. He had done the work.
      5. She had taught the student.
      6. He had sold his horses.
      7. The robbers had robbed the villagers.
      8. Somebody had already told him.
      9. They had arranged everything.
      10. The fire had burnt my house to ashes.
      11. Somebody had told him the news.
      12. The doctor had examined me.
      13. He had informed me.
      14. He had broken his leg.
      15. She had posted all the letters.
      16. Nobody had done anything. (had not been)
      17. The doctor had examined the patient.
      18. The boys had collected the books.
      19. The had informed the police of the accident.
      20. Somebody had stolen his bicycle.

      7. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
      [Passive Verb Form: Shall / will + be + V3 ]

      Active

      I shall help you.

      She will teach you.

      He will help me.

      People will forget it.

      No one will solve your problem.

      They will start the snow in two months.

      Passive

      You will be helped by me.

      You will be taught by her.

      I shall be helped by him.

      It will be forgotten.

      Your problem will not be solved.

      The sow will be started in two months.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive voice-
      [इन वाक्यों में ऐसे वाक्य हैं , जिनके में देने की जरुरत नहीं है।]

      1. He will do this.
      2. She will help me.
      3. You will help us.
      4. The boy will take it.
      5. She will cheat you.
      6. They will support me.
      7. I shall solve the problem.
      8. The police will arrest the thief.
      9. We shall welcome him.
      10. People will remember him.
      11. Nobody will play the match. (will not be)
      12. Somebody will beat you one day. (You …… one day)
      13. I shall never forget those happy days. (will never be)
      14. Everyone will blame you.
      15. They will build the road by March. (………… by March)
      16. We shall win the match.
      17. We shall follow him.
      18. They will not neglect us.
      19. They will publish tow books in June (……… in June)
      20. We shall discuss the matter tomorrow.
      (The matter …….. tomorrow.)

      Answers:

      1. This will be done by him.

      2. I will be helped by her.

      3. We will be helped by you.

      4. It will be taken by the boy.

      5. You will be cheated by her.

      6. I will be supported by them.

      7. The problem will be solved by me.

      8. The thief will be arrested by the police.

      9. He will be welcomed by us.

      10. He will be remembered by people.

      11. The match will not be played by anybody.

      12. You will be beaten one day.

      13. Those happy days will never be forgotten.

      14. You will be blamed by everyone.

      15. The road will be built by March.

      16. The match will be won by us.

      17. He will be followed by us.

      18. We will not be neglected by them.

      19. Two books will be published in June.

      20. The matter will be discussed tomorrow.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive-
      [Hint: 3, 11, 14, और 15 में by + agent देने की जरुरत नहीं है।]

      1. I shall have taught him.
      2. She will have completed the work.
      3. The police will have arrested the thief.
      4. We shall have bought the books.
      5. They will have solved the problem.
      6. She will have cheated you.
      7. He will have informed me.
      8. They will have killed the tiger.
      9. My father will have bought a car.
      10. The children will have eaten the cakes.
      11. The robbers will have robbed him.
      12. I shall have proved it.
      13. They will have cheated our friends.
      14. They will have discussed the matter.
      15. They will have built the road by March.

      Answers:

      1. He will have been taught by me.
      2. The work will have been completed by her.
      3. The thief will have been arrested by the police.
      4. The books will have been bought by us.
      5. The problem will have been solved by them.
      6. You will have been cheated by her.
      7. I will have been informed by him.
      8. The tiger will have been killed by them.
      9. A car will have been bought by my father.
      10. The cakes will have been eaten by the children.
      11. He will have been robbed by the robbers.
      12. It will have been proved by me.
      13. Our friends will have been cheated by them.
      14. The matter will have been discussed by them.
      15. The road will have been built by them by March.

      9. MODAL VERBS: PASSIVE VERB FORM

      shall, will, can, could, may, might, should, would, must, ought, इत्यादि Modal Auxiliaries हैं। जब इनके बाद Transitive Verb प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब हम Verb को Passive में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित form का प्रयोग करते हैं-

      modal auxiliary + be + V3

      Active

      They will kill the tiger.

      I can lift it.

      They could solve the problem.

      He may defeat you.

      You must help your brother.

      One should keep one’s promises.

      He could kill the lion.

      We should help the poor.

      None can challenge him.

      Everyone will blame us.

      We must help the poor.

      You must write the answers in ink.

      Passive

      The tiger will be killed (by them).

      It can be lifted by me.

      The problem could be solved.

      You may be defeated by him.

      Your brother must be helped.

      Promises should be kept.

      The lion could be killed by him.

      The poor should be helped.

      He cannot be challenged.

      We shall be blamed by everyone.

      The poor must be helped.

      The answers must be written in ink.

      Exercise

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive-

      1. You can do it.
      2. I can kill a tiger.
      3. He can win the match.
      4. She can defeat him.
      5. He may do this.
      6. He could beat him.
      7. I could help you.
      8. He might solve it.
      9. They may defeat us.
      10. You must help the poor.
      11. You must send a reply.
      12. You should do this.
      13. They should finish the work.
      14. I should do it.
      15. She could buy a car.
      16. He would do it.
      17. I could solve the problem.
      18. Your friend will blame you.
      19. She will break it.
      20. One can solve it.

      Answers:

      1. It can be done by you.

      2. A tiger can be killed by me.

      3. The match can be won by him.

      4. He can be defeated by her.

      5. This may be done by him.

      6. He could be beaten by him.

      7. You could be helped by me.

      8. It might be solved by him.

      9. We may be defeated by them.

      10 .The poor must be helped by you.

      11. A reply must be sent by you.

      12. This should be done by you.

      13. The work should be finished by them.

      14. It should be done by me.

      15. A car could be bought by her.

      16. It would be done by him.

      17. The problem could be solved by me.

      18. You will be blamed by your friend.

      19. It will be broken by her.

      20. It can be solved by one.

      10. अगर Verb Phrase की बनावट am/is/are/was/were/have/has/had + infinitive (to+Verb) हो, ते इसका में रुप होगा –

      am/is/are/was/were/have/has/had + to be + V3

      Active

      I am to do it.

      I was to do it.

      I had to do it.

      My father is to buy a car.

      They had to built the bridge.

      Passive

      It is to be done by me.

      It was to be done by me.

      It had to be done by me.

      A car is to be bought by my father.

      The bridge had to be built.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: turn the following into the passive-
      [Hint: 5, 6, 9, 12, 13,14, और 20 में by + agent का प्रयोग नहीं करें।]

      1. My father is to buy a car.
      2. I am to teach him.
      3. He is to teach us.
      4. They were to invite me.
      5. She was to sell her cows.
      6. I have to prove it.
      7. She has to guide me.
      8. He has to examine the patient.
      9. The postman has to deliver the letters.
      10. I was to help those poor boys.
      11. We have to serve the country.
      12. We had to inform the police of the accident.
      13. They had to built the bridge.
      14. Ram has to solve the problem.
      15. The manager has to appoint him.
      16. I am to buy some books.
      17. She was to defeat the enemies.
      18. The boys of this school are to plant some trees.
      19. They are to play the match today.

      Answers:

      1. A car is to be bought (by my father).

      2. He is to be taught (by me).

      3. We are to be taught (by him).

      4. I was to be invited (by them).

      5. Her cows were to be sold.

      6. It has to be proved (by me).

      7. I have to be guided (by her).

      8. The patient has to be examined.

      9. The letters have to be delivered (by the postman).

      10. Those poor boys were to be helped (by me).

      11. The country has to be served.

      12. The police had to be informed of the accident.

      13. The bridge had to be built.

      14. The problem has to be solved (by Ram).

      15. He has to be appointed (by the manager).

      16. Some books are to be bought (by me).

      17. The enemies were to be defeated (by her).

      18. Some trees are to be planted (by the boys of this school).

      19. The match is to be played today.

      11. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES EXPERESSING ORDER / COMMAND

      जब Imperative Sentence से order/command का बोध होता है, तब हम प्रयुक्त Active Verb को Passive में बदलने के लिए वाक्य को Let से शुरु करते हैं और Subject के बाद be + V3 का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे –

      Active

      Do this work.

      Bring a glass of water.

      Open the door.

      Switch on the radio.

      Don’t pluck the flowers.

      Don’t touch this wire.

      Give the order.

      Inform the police of the accident.

      Passive

      Let this work be done.

      Let a glass of water be brought.

      Let the door opened.

      Let the radio be switch on.

      Let the flower not be plucked.

      Let this wire not be touch.

      Let the order be given.

      Let the police be informed of the accident.

      12. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES EXPRESSING ADVICE

      जब Imperative Sentence से advice (सलाह) का भाव व्यक्त होता है, तब हम Passive को Let से शुरु नहीं करते हैं, बल्कि वाक्य को इस रुप में परिवर्तित करते हैं-

      Subject + should + be + V3

      Active

      Love your country.

      Help the poor.

      Help your neighbours.

      Don’t insult the weak.

      Passive

      Your country should be loved.

      The poor should be helped.

      Your neighbours should e helped.

      The weak should not be insulted.

      Note: कुछ Sentences ऐसे होते हैं जिनसे यह स्पष्ट नहीं होता है कि ये order हैं या advice ऐसे sentences को Rule No. 11 या Rule No. 12 से बनाएँ।

      13. यदि Imperative Sentence Transitive Verb से शुरु हो, तो Sentence के Passive Construction देने के लिए You are ordered / You are advised का प्रयोग करें। जैसे – ]

      Active

      Kindly post the letter.

      Take your chair, Please.

      Passive

      You are requested to post the letter.

      You are requested to take your chair.

      14. यदि Imperative Sentence Transitive Verb से शुरु हो, तो Sentence को Passive Construction देने के लिए You are ordered / You are advised का प्रयोग करें। जैसे –

      Active

      Stand up.

      Go there.

      Work hard.

      Passive

      You are ordered to stand up.

      You are ordered to go there.

      You are advised work hard.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive-

      [A]

      Active (Open the door. )
      Passive (Let the door be opened.)

      1. Inform the police.
      2. Post the letters.
      3. Bring a glass of water.
      4. Do this work.
      5. Switch off the light.
      6. Don’t close the gate.
      7. Read this book.
      8 Shut all the doors.
      9. Close the gate.
      10. Don’t touch the wire.

      [B]

      Active (Help your friends. )
      Passive (Your friends should be helped. )

      1. Help the poor.
      2. Help the poor students.
      3. Respect your elders.
      4. Love your country.
      5. Love your neighbours.
      6. Don’t hate the poor.
      7. Don’t cheat your friend.
      8. Honour the brave.

      [C]

      Active (Kindly help me. )
      Passive (You are requested to help me. )

      1. Please take your seat.
      2. Kindly give me money.
      3. Kindly give me some food.
      4. Please sit down.
      5. Please go out.
      6. Please enter by this gate.
      7. Please do me a favour.
      8. Take your chair, Please.

      [D]

      Active Do.
      Passive You are ordered to do.

      1. Go there.
      2. Stand up.
      3. Come tomorrow.
      4. Work hard.
      5. Sit down.
      6. Sign here.
      7. Go to market.
      8. Go to bed.

      Answers:

      [A]

      1. Let the police be informed.
      2. Let the letters be posted.
      3. Let a glass of water be brought.
      4. Let this work be done.
      5. Let the light be switched off.
      6. Let the gate not be closed.
      7. Let this book be read.
      8. Let all the doors be shut.
      9. Let the gate be closed.
      10. Let the wire not be touched.

      [B]

      1. The poor should be helped.
      2. The poor students should be helped.
      3. Your elders should be respected.
      4. Your country should be loved.
      5. Your neighbours should be loved.
      6. The poor should not be hated.
      7. Your friend should not be cheated.
      8. The brave should be honoured.

      [C]

      1. You are requested to take your seat.
      2. You are kindly requested to give me money.
      3. You are kindly requested to give me some food.
      4. You are requested to sit down.
      5. You are requested to go out.
      6. You are requested to enter by this gate.
      7. You are requested to do me a favour.
      8. You are requested to take your chair.

      [D]

      1. You are ordered to go there.
      2. You are ordered to stand up.
      3. You are ordered to come tomorrow.
      4. You are ordered to work hard.
      5. You are ordered to sit down.
      6. You are ordered to sign here.
      7. You are ordered to go to market.
      8. You are ordered to go to bed.

      15. अगर Active Verb के साथ preposition या adverb प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब अभीष्ट verb को Passiveबनाते समय प्रयुक्त preposition/adverb का लोप नहीं किया जाता है

      Active

      He looks after me.

      They will look after you well.

      All his friends laugh at him.

      We must listen to our elders.

      They objected to his proposal.

      We must write to him.

      The thief broke into the house.

      Passive

      I am looked after by him.

      You will be well looked after.

      He is laughed at by all his friends.

      Our elders must be listened to.

      His proposal was objected to.

      He must be write to.

      The house was broken into.

      16. कुछ Passive Verbs के साथ by का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। agent के पहले by के के बदले अन्य उपयुक्त preposition का प्रयोग करना पड़ता है, जिसका चयन अभीष्ट verb पर निर्भर करता है। जैसे –

      Active

      I know it.

      He satisfied me.

      The result surprised me.

      His behavior shocked me.

      He pleased me.

      The book has interested me very much.

      Passive

      It is known to me.

      I was satisfied with him.

      I was surprised at the result.

      I was shocked at his behavior.

      I was pleased with him.

      I have been very much interested in this book.

      17. VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS

      कुछ वाक्यों में Active Verb के बाद दो Objects आते हैं। जैसे – I gave him a book. यहाँ gave के बाद दो Objects आए हैं- him और book इनमें से him Personal/Indirect Object है और book Direct Object है। ऐसे दो Objects वाले Verb को Passive में बदलते समय हम किसी भी Object को Subject बना सकते है । परंतु Personal Object/Indirect Object को बनाना अच्छा माना जाता है। लेकिन अगर हमें Direct Object पर ही विशेष जोर देना हो, तो Direct Object को ही Subject बनाकर Active Verb को Passive Verb में बदलना चाहिए। अन्य परिवर्तन सामान्य नियम के ही अनुसार होते हैं। जैसे –

      Active

      1. I gave him a book.

      2. He told me a story

      3. I offered him a chair.

      4. The Principal has given me a prize.

      Passive

      (a) He was given a book by me.
      (b) A book was given (to) him by me.

      (a) I was told a story (by him).
      (b) A story was told me (by him).

      (a) He was offered him by me.
      (b) A chair was offered him by me.

      (a) I have been given a prize by the Principal.
      (b) A prize has been given me by the Principal.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive-
      [Hint: 3, 4, 5, 7 और 9 में by + agent देने का जरुरत नहीं है।]

      BASED ON RULE NO. 15

      1. They are laughing at her.
      2. He looks after me.
      3. The police are searching for him.
      4.They will look into the matter.
      5. The police enquired into the case.
      6. All his friends laugh at him.
      7. We must listen to elders.
      8. Put off the light.
      9. They have given up the idea.
      10. I must write to him.

      Answers:

      1. She is being laughed at by them.

      2. I am looked after by him.

      3. He is being searched for by the police.

      4. The matter will be looked into.

      5. The case was enquired into by the police.

      6. He is laughed at by all his friends.

      7. Elders must be listened to.

      8. Let the light be put off.

      9. The idea has been given up.

      10. He must be written to.

      BASED ON RULE NO. 16

      11. She knows me. (known to)
      12. I satisfied everybody. (satisfied with)
      13. Your story has interested me. (interested in)
      14. His behaviour shocked me. (shocked at)
      15. Seven days make a week. (made of)
      16.The news pleased me. (pleased with)

      Answers:

      11. I am known to her.

      12. Everybody was satisfied with me.

      13. I have been interested in your story.

      14. I was shocked at his behaviour.

      15. A week is made of seven days.

      16. I was pleased with the news.

      BASED ON RULE ON 17

      17. Ram gave me a present.
      18. He teaches us English.
      19. He promised me a prize.
      20. The king gave you a book.
      21. We can give you a chance.
      22. My brother will gave you a book.
      23. He handed me a bottle.
      24. My father bought me a bicycle.
      25. She gave me some food.

      Answers:

      17. A present was given to me by Ram.

      18. English is taught to us by him.

      19. A prize was promised to me by him.

      20. A book was given to you by the king.

      21. A chance can be given to you by us.

      22. A book will be given to you by my brother.

      23. A bottle was handed to me by him.

      24. A bicycle was bought for me by my father.

      25. Some food was given to me by her.

      18. सिर्फ Transitive Verbs के ही Passive voice होते हैं। अतः उन वाक्यों की क्रियाएँ Passive Voice में नहीं हैं –

      He is gone. They are arrived.

      He is come. Winter is come.

      परंतु इन वाक्यों के Verbs को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता है, जो Intransitive हैं। जैसे –

      I read. I am going to school.
      He has gone to Patna. They are good boys.
      She is laughing.

      MISCELLANEOUS EXCERCISE

      Direction: Put the following into the passive-

      1. We respect him.
      2. People speak Hindi in Bihar.
      3. They are repairing the road.
      4. You have made several mistakes.
      5. The doctor is examining the patient.
      6. Someone stole my pen.
      7. They looted the house yesterday.
      8. They were cutting the old trees.
      9. The children had eaten the cakes.
      10. The police arrested some thieves last night.
      11. We shall discuss the matter tomorrow.
      12. People will remember him.
      13. He will have completed the work.
      14. I can solve the problem.
      15. She could help him.
      16. She may defeat you.
      17. They might win the game.
      18. We should help the poor.
      19. He would inform us.
      20. You must support him.

      Answers:

      1. He is respected by us.

      2. Hindi is spoken in Bihar.

      3. The road is being repaired by them.

      4. Several mistakes have been made by you.

      5. The patient is being examined by the doctor.

      6. My pen was stolen by someone.

      7. The house was looted by them yesterday.

      8. The old trees were being cut by them.

      9. The cakes had been eaten by the children.

      10. Some thieves were arrested by the police last night.

      11. The matter shall be discussed by us tomorrow.

      12. He will be remembered by people.

      13. The work will have been completed by him.

      14. The problem can be solved by me.

      15. He could be helped by her.

      16. You may be defeated by her.

      17. The game might be won by them.

      18. The poor should be helped by us.

      19. We would be informed by him.

      20. He must be supported by you.

      MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE

      Direction: Turn the following into the passive-

      1. I am to write a letter.
      2. She is to teach my daughter.
      3. They are to support me.
      4. She was to invite me.
      5. They were to cut the old trees.
      6. We have to buy some books.
      7. She has to complete the work.
      8. They had to inform the police.
      9. Bring a cup of tea.
      10. Open the door.
      11. Help your neighbours.
      12. Kindly post the letters.
      13. Go out of the room.
      14. My mother looks after me.
      15. You must write to her.
      16. Everyone knows Gandhiji.
      17. He pleased me.
      18. She gave me an apple.
      19. She told him a story.
      20. My father bought me a watch.

      Answers:

      1. A letter is to be written by me.

      2. My daughter is to be taught by her.

      3. I am to be supported by them.

      4. I was to be invited by her.

      5. The old trees were to be cut by them.

      6. Some books have to be bought by us.

      7. The work has to be completed by her.

      8. The police had to be informed by them.

      9. A cup of tea must be brought.

      10. The door must be opened.

      11. Your neighbours must be helped.

      12. The letters must be posted kindly.

      13. The room must be gone out of.

      14. I am looked after by my mother.

      15. A letter must be written to her by you.

      16. Gandhiji is known by everyone.

      17. I was pleased by him.

      18. An apple was given to me by her.

      19. A story was told to him by her.

      20. A watch was bought for me by my father.

    1. Punctuation and Capital Letters with Examples

      किसी भी भाषा में Punctuation का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान होता है। किसी sentence या passage में अर्थ की स्पष्टता या समुचित विराम के लिए निर्धारित चिन्हों के प्रयोग का विधि को Punctuation कहते हैं। Punctuation Marks की सहायता से वाक्यों पढ़ने, बोलने और उनके अर्थ समझने में सुगमता होती है।

      अंग्रेजी मे मुख्य Punctuation Marks इस प्रकार हैं –

      1. Full Stop (.)
      2. Comma (,)
      3. Semicolon (;)
      4. Colon (:)
      5. Question Mark (?)
      6. Exclamation Mark (!)
      7. Hyphen (-)
      8. Dash ( _ )
      9. Apostrophe (‘)
      10. Inverted Commas (“………. ” ) या (‘……..’)

      अब इन चिन्हों और इनके प्रयोग पर विचार करें।

      1. Full Stop (.)

      1. Interrogative, Optative और Exclamatory Sentences को छोड़कर किसी भी तरह के पूर्ण वाक्य के अंत में full stop का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      He is a boy.
      Go there.
      Don’t do this.
      He asked me what my name was.

      2. Abbreviations और Initial letters के बाद Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      B.A. (B.D.O. ) (Nov. ) (L.P. School )

      M.A. ( M.L.A.) ( Dec.) (N.C.C. Officer)

      Ph.D (U.S.A) (R.S.S.) ( T.K. Jha)

      3. आजकल Dr, Mr, Mrs, St (Saint) के बाद full stop का प्रयोग नहीं होता है, क्योंकि अब ये पूरे शब्द की भांति प्रयुक्त होते हैं, संक्षिप्त शब्द की भाँति नहीं।

      4. 1st, 2nd, 3rd इत्यादि के बाद Full stop का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।

      5. अगर कोई वाक्य Abbreviation से अंत होता है, तो वाक्य के अंत में एक ही Full Stop दिया जाता है, दो नहीं। जैसे –

      He is an I.A.S.
      I am an M.A.
      He is an S.D.O.
      Come at 5 p.m.

      2. Comma (,)

      Comma थोड़े ठहराव का सूचक है। इसके कुछ मुख्य प्रयोग इस प्रकार हैं –

      1. अगर वाक्य में एक ही Part of Speech के दो या दो से अधिक शब्द एक के बाद एक आएँ तो उनके बीच Comma दिया जाएगा, जैसा कि इन उदाहरणों से स्पष्ट है।

      Ram, Mohan, Sohan and Gopal are my friends.
      He is tall, gentle and handsome.
      He is always eating, drinking and dancing.

      2. जब किसी शब्द को दोहराया जाता है, तब उसके बीच Comma का प्रयोग होता है।

      Go, go; I don’t need you.
      Try, try again.

      3. वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Apposition पद के पहले और बाद Comma में का प्रयोग किया जाता है। इस प्रकार Apposition पद दो Commas के बीच में आ जाता है। जैसे –

      I, Ram. am a student.
      Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, was a great man.
      He, the son of a rich man, is very proud.

      4. कुछ वाक्यों में words of address का प्रयोग रहता है। अगर words of address वाक्य के शुरु में रहता है, तो ठीक इसके बाद Comma लगता है। अगर words of address वाक्य के अंत में रहता है, तो Comma ठीक इसके पहले लगता है। अगर वाक्य के बीच में words of address रहता है, तो इसकी दोनों बगल Comma का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      Mohan, where are you going?
      Get out, Ram.
      May I go out. Sir?
      What are you doing. boys?
      I know, Suresh, that only you can do this.

      5. कभी – कभी वाक्य के बीच में बाहर से words/phrases/clauses को रख दिया जाता है जिसे अगर निकाल भी दिया जाए तो वाक्य के में कोई अंतर नहीं आता है। ऐसे words/phrases/clauses की दोनों तरफ Commas का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –

      He, however, passed the examination.
      I, therefore, request you to grant me leave.
      He is, after all, my friend.
      You will, I hope, agree with me.

      6. Yes/No के बाद comma का प्रयोग होता है, अगर इसके बाद कोई वाक्य आता है। जैसे –

      Yes, I will help you.
      No, you can’t.

      7. चिठ्ठियों में अभिवादन (salutation) और विदाई (words of leave taking) के बाद Comma दिया जाता है। जैसे –

      Dear Suresh,
      Yours faithfully,
      Dear Mother,
      Yours truly.

      8. Question Tag को Main Clause Comma से अलग करने के लिए Comma का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      You will go tomorrow, won’t you?
      He is ready, isn’t he?
      She cannot do, can she?

      9. वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Direct Speech को वाक्य के शेष भाग से अलग करने के लिए Comma का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –

      He said, “I am ready.”
      “I don’t know her,” she said.
      “You know,” said she, “that I don’t like him.

      Note: अगर Direct Speech में Question/Exclamation रहे और उसके बाद Reporting Verb आए, तो अभीष्ट Direct Speech के बाद Comma का प्रयोग नहीं होगा। जैसे –

      “Where are you going?” he asked me.
      “Well done!” he said.

      3. Semicolon (;)

      1. Comma का प्रयोग वहाँ होता है, जहाँ कम ठहराव की जरुरत पड़ती है। Full Stop का प्रयोग वहाँ होता है, जहाँ अधिक ठहराव की जरुरत पड़ती है। वहीं Semicolon का प्रयोग वहाँ होता है, जहाँ Comma से अधिक और Full stop से कुछ कम ठहराव की जरुरत पड़ती है।

      2. semicolon का प्रयोग वहाँ होता है, जहाँ Full Stop प्रयोग हो सकता है। लेकिन यदि हम विभिन्न Principal Clauses को बिना linking word के एक ही वाक्य में प्रयोग करना चाहें ताकि अभीष्ट विचार अधिक तीव्रता से एक साथ हो सकें, तो ऐसे Clauses को Semicolon से जोड़ा जाएगाः जैसे

      Come early; go early.
      Honestly is the best policy; it inspires with greater confidence.

      4. Colon (:)

      1. Colon का प्रयोग किसी सुची (list) या (example ) उदाहरण को आरंभ करने के लिए होता है। जैसे –

      The following words are nouns; cat, cow, boy and girl.
      I want the following: books, pens and notebooks.

      2. Direct Speech तथा Quotation के पहले Colon का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –
      He said: “I will do it.”
      Shakespare said: “Sweet are the uses of adversity.”

      3. Dialogue में वक्ता क नाम के बाद Colon का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –
      Teacher: What are you doing?
      Ram Sir, I am doing my lesson.

      4. जब किसी शब्द के बाद उसका definition या description देना होता है, तब उस शब्द के बाद Colon दिया जाता है। जैसे Noun: A noun is a naming word.
      Albatross: A large white seabird with long wings.

      5. Questions Mark (?)

      1. Interrogative Sentence के अंत में Question Mark का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      Who are you?
      What is your name?
      He said to me, “What are you doing?”

      Note: Indirect question के बाद Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है, Question Mark का नहीं । जैसे –

      He asked me what my name was.
      I don’t know who he was.

      2. Question Tag के बाद Question Mark का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे-
      You are going tomorrow, aren’t you?

      6. Exclamation Mark (!)

      1. Optative Sentence और Exclamatory Sentence के अंत में Exclamation Mark का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      May God help you!
      What a beautiful scene it is!
      How lovely she looks!

      2. Interjections/Phrases/Sentences जिसने आकस्मिक भाव व्यक्त होता है, उनके बाद Exclamation Mark का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      Alas!
      Hello!
      Oh!
      Oh! Enough!
      Nonsense!
      Well done!

      7. Hyphen (-)

      1. अगर किसी वाक्य का कोई शब्द पंक्ति के अंत में जगह के अभाव के कारण पूरा नहीं आता है, तो उस अपूर्ण शब्द के बाद दीया जाता हैं। और उस शब्द के शेष भाग को अगली पंक्ति के आरंभ में लिखा जाता हैं।

      (a) dog, cow, box, bag, ox जैसे एक syllable वाले शब्दों को divide नहीं किया जाता है। इन्हें जहाँ भी लिखें, पूरा लिखें। Hyphen की मदद से दो में न लिखें।

      (c) किसी शब्द का syllable पूरा हो जाने के बाद ही Hyphen दें। जैसे beau-ti-ful, im-me-di-ate. अगर beautiful वाक्य के अंत में लिखना हो और पूरा न आए तो beau के बाद Hyphen दें या beauti के बाद दें ।

      2. 21 से 99 तक के compound numbers को शब्दों में लिखने के लिए Hyphen का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –

      21 = twenty -one
      62 = sixty – two
      89 = eighty- nine
      431 = four hundred and thirty -one
      855 = eight hundred and fifty – five
      5153 = five thousand, one hundred and fifty – three

      3. यदि Prefix के लगने ले कोई vowel लगातार दो बार आ जाता है, तो अभीष्ट Prefix के बाद Hyphen दिया जाता है। जैसे – co-operation. re-elect, pre-eminent.

      4. अंग्रेजी में बहुत सारे compound और complex words हैं, जिनके formation में Hyphen का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      sister-in-law, brother-in-law, a five-rupee note, a one-eyed man, Vice-President, non-violence, mid-June, ex-M.L.A, Ex-Principal.

      1. कभी-कभी जहाँ Colon का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है वहाँ Dash का प्रयोग किया जाता है। list of things, examples या वाक्य में पहले कही हुई बातों के बाद अगर उस संबंध में कोई explanation/illustration/statement देना होता है, तो का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –

      I want the following -ten notebooks, two pens, four pencils and one ink-pot.

      2. दो संख्याओं के बीच Dash का प्रयोग दी हुई प्रथम और अंतिम संख्या के बीच की लुप्त संख्या या सख्याओं को सूचित करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे –

      1970-1980 (1970 से 1980 तक)

      Chapters I-XI (एक से ग्यारह तक)

      PP 10-100 (पृष्ठ 10 से पृष्ठ 100 तक)

      3. Quotation के प्रारभं में Dash का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –
      The teacher said – “Honestly is the best policy”. ‘

      9. Apostrophe (‘)

      1. Contractions (संक्षिप्त शब्दों) में लुप्त अक्षर या संख्या के स्थान पर Apostrophe का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –

      Ma’am – for Madam
      can’t – for cannot
      aren’t – for are not
      I’m – for I am
      I’ll – for I will
      It’s – for it is
      o’clock – for of the clock
      ’82 – for 1982

      2. Noun के Possessive From में Apostrophe का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे – Ram’s cow, the cow’s milk, the boy’s names.

      3. संख्या तथा अक्षरों को Plural बनाने में ‘s का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –
      Add four 3’s and the result is 12.
      Your t’s and 1’s look alike.

      Note: संख्या यदि शब्दों में लिखी जाती है, तो उसका plural -s/es लगाकर बनाया जाता हैं, ‘s लगाकर नहीं। जैसे –

      Sachin hit three fours and two sixes.

      1. Inverted Commas

      Inverted Commas को Quotation Marks भी कहा जाता है। Inverted Commas Single (‘………..’) भी हो करते हैं और double (“…………..”) भी। आप दोनों में से किसी एक का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। इनके मुख्य प्रयोग इस प्रकार हैं –

      1. Inverted Commas का प्रयोग Quotation और Direct Speech को घेरने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे –
      He said, “What are you doing?”
      Shakespeare says, “Sweet are the uses of adversity.”

      2. Inverted Commas का प्रयोग पुस्तक, कहानी, कविता, लेख, अखबार आदि के नामों के साथ भी होता है। जैसे –

      Have you read “Hamlet”?
      ‘Ode on Solitude’ is a famous poem.

      3. वाक्य में प्रयुक्त ऐसे word/phrases को भी के Inverted Commas भीतर रखा जाता है, जिनपर विशेष ध्यान (special attention) देने की जरुरत है या जो context में unusual है। जैसे –

      The word ‘place’ is a very useful word.

      4. अगर Quotation के भीतर भी Quotation हो, तो भीतरी Quotation के लिए वैसे Inverted Commas का प्रयोग करते है जैसा Main Quotation के लिए नहीं किया गया है। जैसे –

      He asked me, “Have you read ‘Hamlet’?”
      He asked me, ‘Have you read “Hamlet?”

      The Use of Capital Letters

      Capital Letters के प्रयोग इस प्रकार हैं –

      1. प्रत्येक वाक्य का पहला अक्षर Capital Letter से लिखा जाता है। जैसे –

      He is my brother.
      What are your doing?
      Take the medicine in time.

      2. Poem की प्रत्येक पंक्ति का पहला अक्षर Capital Letter से लिखा जाता है। जैसे –

      She dwelt among the untrodden ways
      Besides the Springs of Dove.
      A maid whom there were none to praise
      And very few to love.

      3. Inverted Commas के अंदर शुरु होनेवाले प्रत्येक वाक्य का पहला अक्षर Capital Letter से लिखा जाता है। जैसे –

      He said to me, “What do you want?”
      “She is ill,” said her mother to the doctor.

      अगर Direct Speech/Quotation में प्रयुक्त एक ही वाक्य दो या दो से अधिक भागों में बटाँ हो, तो केवल पहले भाग का पहला अक्षर Capital Letter से लिखा जाएगा। जैसे –

      “I am your friend,” said he, “so you should help me”.

      4. किसी व्यक्ति के नाम में प्रयुक्त प्रत्येक शब्द का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। जैसे –

      Ram Kumar Singh, Gopi Mehta, Asha Kumari, Lucy, John.

      5. किसी व्यक्ति के नाम के पहले आनेवाले title का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। जैसे –

      Mr

      Sir

      Dr

      Lt.

      Mrs

      Miss

      Prof

      Col.

      6. गाँव, शहर, राज्य, देश, महादेश इत्यादि के नामों का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। जैसे –

      Chamanpur

      Patna

      Bihar

      Ind

      Asia

      Sheohar

      Ranchi

      Punjab

      Nepal

      Africa

      7. पहाड़, नदी, ट्रेन, जहाज आदि के नामों का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है जैसे –

      The Himalayas

      The Toofan Express

      The Vikrant

      The Ganges

      The Taj Express

      The Sagar Samrat

      8. पुस्तक, नाटक, सामाचारपत्र, पत्रिका आदि के नामों में प्रयुक्त शब्दों का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। सिर्फ Article, Conjunction या Preposition बीच में आएँ, तो वे small letters से लिखें जाएँगें। जैसे –

      The Ramayana, The Times of India, Pratiyogita Kiran, etc.

      9. story, poem, report, article या chapter of a book के title में प्रयुक्त सभी शब्दों का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। सिर्फ Article, Conjunction या Preposition बीच में आए, तो वे small letters से लिखे जाँएगें। जैसे –

      Ode on Solitude, Gandhiji as a Word Citizen, etc.

      10. दिन, महीना, भाषा, समुदय, धर्म, त्योहार आदि के नामों का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। जैसे –

      Sunday, March, Hindi, Holi, Diwali, Muslim, etc.

      11. Political Parties के नाम का प्रत्येक शब्द Capital से शुरु होता है। जैसे –

      the Congress Party
      the Socialist Party
      the B.J.P.
      the Janata Party
      the Muslim League
      the C.P.I.

      12. ऐतिहासिक घटनाओं में आए प्रत्येक शब्द का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। जैसे –

      Independence Day
      French Revolution
      World War I
      Republic Day
      the Middle Ages
      the Battle of Panipat

      13. पदवी (title) और ओहदा (designation) में प्रयुक्त प्रत्येक शब्द का पहला अक्षर Capital होता है। जैसे –

      Chief Minister
      Chief Justice
      Principal
      Prime Minister
      District Magistrate
      Headmaster

      14. Proper Noun से बने शब्दों का पहले अक्षर Capital होता है। जैसे –

      Indian
      American
      Bihari
      British
      Russian
      Japanese
      Punjabi
      Greek

      15. अधिकांश Abbreviations में प्रयुक्त प्रत्येक letter को Capital से लिखा जाता है। जैसे –

      B.D.O.
      B.A.
      M.L.A.
      U.N.O.
      I.A.S.
      M.A.
      M.P.
      U.S.A.

      Note: (a) जब Abbreviation में एक से अधिक letters संयुक्त रहता है, तब केवल पहला letter Capital होता है, जैसा कि इन उदाहणों से स्पष्ट है –

      I. Sc.
      M. Sc.
      Ph. D.
      B. Sc.

      (b) कुछ abbreviations small letters से भी लिखे जाते हैं। जैसे –

      a.m.

      p.m.

      e.g.

      etc

      m.p.h.

      16. Pronoun I, Interjection O तथा Personified word का पहला letter Capital से लिखा जाता है। जैसे –

      He knew that I was not there.
      O that she were alive!
      O death! Come soon.

      17. अगर God का प्रयोग सर्वशक्तिमान ईश्वर के लिए हो, तो God और उनके लिए प्रयुक्त Pronoun (He/Him/His) एंव अन्य शब्दों का पहला अक्षर Capital Letter से लिखा जाएगा। जैसे –

      None can challenge God.
      God is Almighty.
      God is the Father of Father.
      God is kind to His creatures.

      Note: अगर God का प्रयोग देवता के लिए हो , तो God और उनके लिए प्रयुक्त Pronouns Capital Letters से आरंभ नहीं होगें। जैसे –

      The god of fire will burn you if don’t obey him.

      18. जब Father/Mother/Uncle/Aunt से वक्ता के अपने Father/Mother/Uncle/Aunt का बोध हो और इनके पहले कोई Determiner (the, your, my, his, etc) प्रयुक्त न रहें, यानी इनका प्रयोग Proper Noun का तरह हो, तब इनका पहला अक्षर Capital Letter से लिखा जाएगा। इनके पहले Determiners प्रयुक्त रहने पर इन्हें small letter से लिखा जाएगा। जैसे –

      Father agreed but Mother didn’t.
      I am waiting for Uncle and Aunt.
      My father is very poor.
      When is your uncle / aunt / mother / father coming?

      EXAMPLES WORKED OUT

      Direction: Punctuate the following, using capital letters where necessary –

      1. My father is a bdo
      2. sita gita and leela are dancing
      3. try try again
      4. i mohan am a student
      5. where are you going mohan
      6. he is after all my brother
      7. yes i am ready
      8. you are ready arent you
      9. he said i am ready
      10. the following words are nouns cow dog cat boy and girl
      11. may god help you
      12. what a beautiful place it is
      13. alas my cat is dead
      14. my father in law is sixty two years old
      15. i cant help rams brother
      16. he said to me what is your name
      17. i know dr suman and prof mathur
      18. the gangs is a holy river of india
      19. i read he ramayana everyday
      20. have you read ode on solitude
      21. i shall come in march
      22. we must believe in god
      23. i am waiting for father
      24. i love my father very much

      Answers:
      1. My father is a B.D.O.
      2. Sita, Gita, and Leela are dancing.
      3. Try, try again.
      4. I, Mohan, am a student.
      5. Where are you going, Mohan?
      6. He is, after all, my brother.
      7. Yes, I am ready to help you.
      8. You are ready, aren’t you?
      9. He said, “I am ready.”
      10. The following words are nouns: cow, dog, cat, boy and girl.
      11. May God help you!
      12. What a beautiful place it is!
      13. Alas! My cat is dead.
      14. My father-in-law is sixty-two years old.
      15. I can’t help Ram’s brother.
      16. He said to me , “What is your name?”
      17. I know Dr suman and Prof Mathur.
      18. The Ganges is a holy river of India.
      19. I read the Ramayana everyday.
      20. Have you read ‘Ode on Solitude’?
      21. I shall come in March.
      22. We must believe in God.
      23. I am waiting for Father.
      24. I love my father very much.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Punctuate the following, using capital letters where necessary-

      1. r 1 mishra is an mla
      2. i am a ba
      3. i dont like mohan sohan ravi and manoj
      4. try try again for success
      5. jawaharlal nehru the first prime minister of india was a great man
      6. she the daughter of a rich mam is very proud
      7. i sohan promise to help you
      8. mohan you should help me
      9. what are you doing here my me
      10. i love you suresh
      11. i therefore request you to help me
      12. he is i think not a good man
      13. no you cant stay here
      14. she is tall isnt she
      15. she said to me what is your name
      16. come early go early
      17. i need the following a cup tea water and sugar
      18. pronoun a pronoun stands for a noun
      19. who is miss lata
      20. may you die of cholera
      21. what a dark night it is
      22. well done i am proud of you
      23. my sister in law is an ma
      24. i cant do without your cooperation
      25. i need twenty five rupees
      26. arent you rams brother
      27. the teacher said who can define the word determiner
      28. where is ram going with his father

      Answers:

      1. R. L. Mishra is an MLA.
      2. I am a B.A.
      3. I don’t like Mohan, Sohan, Ravi, and Manoj.
      4. Try, try again for success.
      5. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, was a great man.
      6. She, the daughter of a rich man, is very proud.
      7. I, Sohan, promise to help you.
      8. Mohan, you should help me.
      9. What are you doing here, my friend?
      10. I love you, Suresh.
      11. I, therefore, request you to help me.
      12. He is, I think, not a good man.
      13. No, you can’t stay here.
      14. She is tall, isn’t she?
      15. She said to me, “What is your name?”
      16. Come early, go early.
      17. I need the following: a cup, tea, water, and sugar.
      18. Pronoun: A pronoun stands for a noun.
      19. Who is Miss Lata?
      20. May you die of cholera!
      21. What a dark night it is!
      22. Well done! I am proud of you.
      23. My sister-in-law is an M.A.
      24. I can’t do without your cooperation.
      25. I need twenty-five rupees.
      26. Aren’t you Ram’s brother?
      27. The teacher said, “Who can define the word ‘determiner’?”
      28. Where is Ram going with his father?

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Punctuate the following, using capital letters where necessary-

      1. i know mr john and mrs call
      2. he said to me do you know dr kapoor
      3. mount everest is the highest peak of the himalayas
      4. people worship the ganges in india
      5. have you read as you like it
      6. he will come on the first sunday of january
      7. some indians know both hindi and urdu
      8. when does the prime minister arrive here
      9. who is the main leader of the congress party
      10. god is kind to his children
      11. why has father not come yet
      12. i think uncle will like it
      13. i think my father will not like it
      14. a hindu celebrates deepawali with great joy
      15. have you seen the wind is a beautiful poem
      16. the play as you it has been written by shakespeare
      17. the teacher said god is almighty
      18. we celebrate the independence day every year
      19. the word excuse me is a very popular word
      20. our vice president is an ex mp

      Answers:

      1. I know Mr. John and Mrs. Call.
      2. He said to me, “Do you know Dr. Kapoor?”
      3. Mount Everest is the highest peak of the Himalayas.
      4. People worship the Ganges in India.
      5. Have you read As You Like It?
      6. He will come on the first Sunday of January.
      7. Some Indians know both Hindi and Urdu.
      8. When does the Prime Minister arrive here?
      9. Who is the main leader of the Congress party?
      10. God is kind to His children.
      11. Why has Father not come yet?
      12. I think Uncle will like it.
      13. I think my father will not like it.
      14. A Hindu celebrates Deepawali with great joy.
      15. Have you seen The Wind is a Beautiful Poem?
      16. The play As You Like It has been written by Shakespeare.
      17. The teacher said, “God is almighty.”
      18. We celebrate Independence Day every year.
      19. The word “excuse me” is a very popular word.
      20. Our Vice President is an ex-MP.

    2. Gerunds Infinitives and Participles Worksheet with Answers

      1. Infinitive: Infinitive क्रिया का धातु रुप है, जिसपर वाक्य के Subject के Number और Person का कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता। सामान्यतया Infinitive के शुरु में participle ‘to’ लगा रहता है, जैसे – to go, to run, to laugh, etc. और वाक्य में इसका अपना कोई Subject नहीं होता।

      इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें –

      I want to go.
      The boy wants to go.
      The boys want to go.

      इन वाक्यों में ‘to go’ एक Infinitive है। वाक्यों के Subjects (I, The boy और The boys ) का इस पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं हैं। Subjects Number और Person बदलने पर भी प्रयुक्त Infinitive के रुप में कोई परिर्वतन नहीं हुआ है। पुनः यहाँ एक बात और ध्यान देने योग्य है कि ऊपर के वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त Infinitive ‘to go’ का अपना कोई Subject नहीं है। I, The boy और The boys क्रमशः want, wants और want के Subjects हैं, to go के नहीं। ‘to go’ यहाँ एक Object के रुप में प्रयुक्त हुआ है।

      Note: Infinitive का प्रयोग Object के आलावा Subject और Complement के रुप में भी होता है।

      2. Bare Infinitive: Infinitive में participle ‘to’ लगा रहता है। परंतु कुछ Verbs ऐसे हैं जिनके बाद Infinitive without to का प्रयोग होता है| ऐसे Infinitives ‘without to’ को Bare Infinitives कहते हैं। इस वाक्यों को देखें –

      I made him laugh.

      He heard them cry.

      We watched him play.

      I let her go home.

      यहाँ ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त laugh, cry, play और go ऐसे Infinitives हैं, जिनके पहले to प्रयुक्त नहीं है। अतः इन्हें के हिसाब से Bare Infinitives कहेगें।

      3. आगे ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में Full infinitives (to walk, to play, to run, to dance, etc) और Bare Infinitives (weep, cry, dance, etc) के प्रयोग को देखें –

      To walk is an exercise.

      Children like to play.

      It is yet to decide.

      She is about to dance.

      We eat to live.

      It is easy to solve.

      I have no house to live in.

      She made him weep.

      I heard him cry.

      I can go.

      We shall dance.

      He does nothing but play.

      Let him do this.

      She bade me go.

      GERUND

      1. जब Verb + ing का प्रयोग Noun की तरह होता है, तब उसे Gerund कहा जाता है। इन वाक्यों में मोटे अक्षरों में छपे शब्द Gerunds हैं –

      Walking is a exercise.

      I like reading stories.

      He is fond of playing cricket.

      Saying is easy but doing is difficult.

      My hobby is dancing.

      Note 1. Gerund एक Noun की तरह किसी वाक्य में Subject, Object या Complement के रुप में प्रयुक्त होता है, अर्थात् किसी वाक्य में Gerund वहाँ प्रयुक्त होता है, जहाँ एक Noun प्रयुक्त होना चाहिए। इसे समझने के लिए Noun और Gerund के तुलनात्मक प्रयोग पर विचार करें –

      (a) Tea a bad for health.                 (Tea - Noun)
      Smoking is bad for health. (Smoking-Gerund)
      (b) I love toys. (toys-Noun)
      I love dancing. (dancing-gerund)
      (c) Friendship is a boon. (Friendship - Noun)
      Seeing is believing. (Seeing/believing - Gerund)
      (d) I am fond of sweets. (sweets - Noun)
      I am fond of travelling. (travelling - Gerund)

      Note 2. जब Verb + ing का प्रयोग Verb की तरह हो, तब उसे हम Gerund नहीं कहेगें। जैसे – इन वाक्यों में V + ing Gerund नहीं हैं –

      I am dancing.

      She is smoking.

      Participle के मुख्यतः दो भेद हैं –

      (a) Present Participle [Verb + ing], जैसे –
      playing, eating, dancing, laughing, etc.
      (b) Past Participle [Verb + d/ed या अन्य उपयुक्त रुप ], जैसे –
      playing, eaten, gone, burnt, given, etc.

      Uses of the Participle:

      1. Present Participle की मदद Progressive Tense तथा Past Participle की मदद से Perfect Tense और Passive Voice बनाए जाते हैं। जैसे –

      I am playing.

      They were working.

      He was beaten.

      She has gone.

      He had reached.

      The chair was broken.

      2. Present Participle तथा Past Participle का प्रयोग सामान्य Adjective का तरह भी होता है और इस स्थिति में ये अपने बाद आनेवाले Noun को Modify करते हैं, जैसे –

      The child has a smiling face.

      This is a boiled egg.

      We have no drinking water.

      He is a retired teacher.

      उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में smiling, drinking, boiled और retired Participles हैं तथा ये Adjective की तरह प्रयुक्त हुए हैं। ये Adjective की तरह प्रयुक्त हुए हैं, इस तथ्य की पुष्टि के लिए हम इन वाक्यों को पुनः लिख रहे हैं जिनमें smiling, boiled, drinking और retired के स्थान पर क्रमशः beautiful, good, pure और noble Adjective प्रयुक्त हुए हैं।

      The child has a beautiful face.

      This is a good egg.

      We have no pure water.

      He is noble teacher.

      Note: ऊपर दिए गए तथ्यों से स्पष्ट है कि Participle Verb का वह रुप है जो Progressive या Perfect Tense बनाने में मदद करता है तथा विभिन्न वाक्यों में Adjective के रुप में भी प्रयुक्त होता है।

      Confusion दूर करें –

      Gerund और Present Participle दोनों का एक ही रुप है – Verb + ing इसलिए कभी-कभी विद्यार्थीगण भ्रम में पड़ जाते हैं कि प्रयुक्त Verb + ing का प्रयोग Gerund के रुप में हुआ है या Present Participle के रुप में। ऐसी स्थिति में आप इनके प्रयोग के देखें। अगर Verb + ing का प्रयोग एक Noun के रुप में हुआ है तब इसे Gerund कहेंगे। अगर Verb + ing का प्रयोग Continuous Tenses बनाने में या एक Adjectives के रुप में हुआ है तब इसे Participles कहेगें। जैसे –

      My hobby is dancing. (dancing = Noun = Gerund)

      I am dancing. (dancing = Verb = Participle)

      He is my dancing partner. (dancing = Adjective = Participle)

      I don’t like drinking. (drinking = Adjective = Participle)

      He is drinking. (drinking = Verb = Participle)

      There is no drinking water. (drinking = Adjective = Participle)

      EXERCISE

      Direction : Pick out the infinitives in the following sentences.

      Examples:

      (a) I want to go. Ans. to go

      (b) To sleep is necessary. Ans. to sleep

      (c) I am too tired to turn. Ans. to run

      (d) She made me laugh. Ans. laugh

      (e) I shall help her. Ans. help

      1. She wants to help me.

      2. It is about to rain.

      3. To walk is an exercise.

      4. I had to work.

      5. Are you to go now?

      6. To steal is very bad.

      7. He wishes to succeed.

      8. I have no house to live in.

      9. It is easy to solve.

      10. Children like to play.

      11. He same to help me.

      12. She made me laugh.

      13. I heard him cry.

      14. I can do.

      15. Give me a book to read.

      16. To see is to believe.

      17. They let her go.

      18. I saw him sleep.

      19. He does nothing but play.

      20. Teach me to dance.

      Answers:

      1. She wants to help me.

      2. It is about to rain.

      3. To walk is an exercise.

      4. I had to work.

      5. Are you to go now?

      6. To steal is very bad.

      7. He wishes to succeed.

      8. I have no house to live in.

      9. It is easy to solve.

      10. Children like to play.

      11. He came to help me.

      12. She made me laugh. (No infinitive, “laugh” is the base form)

      13. I heard him cry. (No infinitive, “cry” is the base form)

      14. I can do. (No infinitive, “do” is the base form)

      15. Give me a book to read.

      16. To see is to believe.

      17. They let her go. (No infinitive, “go” is the base form)

      18. I saw him sleep. (No infinitive, “sleep” is the base form)

      19. He does nothing but play. (No infinitive, “play” is the base form)

      20. Teach me to dance.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Pick out the gerunds in the following sentences.

      Examples:

      (a) I like playing cricket.

      (b) Drinking is a bad thing.

      (c) Stop crying.

      (d) I am fond of hunting.

      (e) My hobby is dancing.

      (f) He enjoys flying kites.

      (g) He went on laughing.

      Ans.

      playing

      drinking

      crying

      hunting

      dancing

      flying

      laughing

      1. Swimming is an exercise.

      2. Smoking is a bad habit.

      3. Children love playing.

      4. I like reading stories.

      5. I am tired of doing this job.

      6. She will learn dancing.

      7. I am fond of playing.

      8. It stopped talking.

      9. Reading makes a man perfect.

      10. I think of going there.

      11. He stopped talking.

      12. Old men love walking.

      13. I love eating mangoes.

      14. I hate borrowing money.

      15. Please go on writing.

      16. Seeing is believing.

      17. Thanks you for helping me.

      18. Try to avoid quarrelling.

      19. Eating much is bad.

      20. It is no use waiting here.

      Answers:

      1. Swimming is an exercise.

      2. Smoking is a bad habit.

      3. Children love playing.

      4. I like reading stories.

      5. I am tired of doing this job.

      6. She will learn dancing.

      7. I am fond of playing.

      8. It stopped talking.

      9. Reading makes a man perfect.

      10. I think of going there.

      11. He stopped talking.

      12. Old men love walking.

      13. I love eating mangoes.

      14. I hate borrowing money.

      15. Please go on writing.

      16. Seeing is believing.

      17. Thank you for helping me.

      18. Try to avoid quarrelling.

      19. Eating much is bad.

      20. It is no use waiting here.

      Exercise

      Direction: Pick out the participles in the following sentences.

      Examples Ans.

      (a) I am reading a book. reading

      (b) He has lost in his pen. lost

      (c) He was beaten. beaten

      (d) Don’t jump off the running train. running

      (e) The police found the stolen articles. stolen.

      1. He was playing.

      2. She is eating.

      3. He has returned.

      4. The work was done.

      5. They were awarded.

      6. This is a boiled egg.

      7. This is the broken chair.

      8. It is a burning issue.

      9. He was satisfied.

      10. He is an amusing man.

      11. He played a loosing game.

      12. He was a drunken person.

      13. There were many burnt houses.

      14. This is an interesting story.

      15. He is a tired man.

      16. Here is a broken window.

      17. He had a loaded pistol.

      18. He is a retired officer.

      19. Don’t disturb the sleeping child.

      20. It is an admitted fact.

      Answers:

      1. He was playing.

      2. She is eating.

      3. He has returned.

      4. The work was done.

      5. They were awarded.

      6. This is a boiled egg.

      7. This is the broken chair.

      8. It is a burning issue.

      9. He was satisfied.

      10. He is an amusing man.

      11. He played a losing game.

      12. He was a drunken person.

      13. There were many burnt houses.

      14. This is an interesting story.

      15. He is a tired man.

      16. Here is a broken window.

      17. He had a loaded pistol.

      18. He is a retired officer.

      19. Don’t disturb the sleeping child.

      20. It is an admitted fact.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Pick out the infinitive, gerunds and participles in the following examples-

      Examples

      (a) I want to go there.

      (b) To smoke is a bad habit.

      (c) Walking is an exercise.

      (d) I like playing cricket.

      (e) Look at the running dog.

      (f) I saw a dying man.

      (g) He was taught English.

      Ans:

      to go – infinitive

      to smoke – infinitive

      walking- gerund

      Playing – gerund

      running – participle

      dying – participle

      1. I wanted to help you.

      2. I heard her weep.

      3. He made me laugh.

      4. To tell lies is not good.

      5. I enjoy flying kites.

      6. I dislike drinking.

      7. He went on talking.

      8. Running water is clear.

      9. These are solved examples.

      10. Gardening is a hobby.

      11. Sleeping is necessary to life.

      12. It is easy to write a letter.

      13. A barking dog seldom bites.

      14. I found my lost pen.

      15. He is a good looking man.

      16. He was not satisfied.

      17. I hope to succeed.

      18. She is fond of dancing.

      19. She was my dancing partner.

      20. She was dancing.

      Answers:

      1. to help – infinitive

      2. weep – infinitive (bare infinitive after “heard”)

      3. laugh – infinitive (bare infinitive after “made”)

      4. to tell – infinitive

      5. flying – gerund

      6. drinking – gerund

      7. talking – gerund

      8. Running – participle

      9. solved – participle

      10. Gardening – gerund

      11. Sleeping – gerund

      12. to write – infinitive

      13. barking – participle

      14. lost – participle

      15. looking – participle

      16. No infinitive, gerund, or participle

      17. to succeed – infinitive

      18. dancing – gerund

      19. dancing – participle

      20. dancing – participle

      Rice sells at Rs. 10 a kilo. – चावल दस रुपये की दर से कितना है।

      Sita is at school. – सीता स्कूल में है।

      Mohan is good at football. – मोहन फुटबाॅल में अच्छा है।

      He stood before July. – वे लोग काम पर हैं।

      7. Before: से पहले, के सामने

      A comes before B. – A, B के पहले आता है।

      I will come before Holi. – मैं होली से पहले आऊगाँ।

      June Comes before July. – जून जुलाई के पहले आता है।

      He stood before the judge. – वह जज के सामने खड़ा था।

      8. Behind: के पीछे
      He hid behind the tree. – वह पेड़ के पीछे छिप गया।

      9. Below: के नीचे

      Please don’t write below this line. कृपया इस पंक्ति के नीचे नही लिखें।
      They were below twenty. – वे लोग बीस के नीचे थे।

      10. Besides and Besides: Besides का अर्थ है – बगल में , समीप या बाहर और इससे स्थान का बोध होता है। Besides का अर्थ है – अतिरिक्त (in addition to ) , अलावा।

      She was siting besides her mother. – वह अपनी माँ की बगल में बैठी हुई थी।
      She had no one besides her mother. – माँ के अलावा उसका कोई नहीं था।

      11. But: except, के छोड़कर, के अतिरिक्त
      All but one were drowned. – एक को छोड़कर सभी डूब गए।

      12. By: से /द्वारा, के पास तक/ में (साधन, समीपता, समय इत्यादि का बोध)

      This book has been written by me. – वह पुस्तक मेरे द्वारा लिखी गई है।

      May I pay by cheque? – क्या मैं चेक से भुगतान कर सकता हूँ।

      He came by bus. – वह बस से आया।

      Come and sit by me. – आओ और मेरे पास बैठो।

      The house is by the big tree. – घर बड़े पेड़ के पास है।

      Finish it by 4 o’clock. – चार बजे तक इसे पूरा करो।

      It is 10 o’clock by my watch. – मेरी धड़ी में दस बजा है।

      13. For: के लिए, की ओर, से (Period of time), में / के बदले

      This is for you. – यह तुम्हारे लिए है।

      He came here for money. – वह पैसे के लिए यहाँ आया।

      Is this train for Delhi. – क्या वह गाड़ी दिल्ली के लिए है।

      दो घंटो से वर्षा हो रही है।

      मैनें पाँच रुपये में कलम खरीदी।

      14. From: से (स्थान से अलग होने का भाव, समय का भाव, स्त्रोत का भाव, इत्यादि)

      He has come from Patna. – वह पटना से आया है।
      He was blind from birth. – वह जन्म से अन्धा था।
      These lines are from the Bible. – ये पक्तियाँ बाइबल से ली गई हैं।
      We make curd from milk. – हमलोग दूध से दही बनाते हैं।

      15. In: में [बड़े स्थान, समय, स्थिरता (के भीतर), पोशाक, पेशा, इत्यादि का भाव दर्शाने में ]

      He lives in India. वह भारत में रहता है।

      I play in the morning. – मैं सुबह में खेलता हूँ

      She is in the room. – वह कमरे में है।

      She was in Sari. – वह साड़ी मे थी।

      He is in the army. – वह सेना में है।

      What is in your mind? – तुम्हारे दिमाग में क्या है?

      16. Into: मेंं (बाहर से भीतर की ओर जाने का भाव, एक वस्तु से दुसरी वस्तु में बदलने का भाव, एक वस्तु से दूसरी वस्तु में बदलने का भाव, इत्यादि)

      17. Of: का /की /के (संबंध /अधिकार, माप तौल, material, अंश कारण इत्यादि का बोध)

      Ram was the son of Dasharatha. – राम दशरथ के पुत्र थे।

      He bought a kilo of sugar. – उसने एक किलो चीनी खरीदी।

      He came on Monday. – वह सोमवार को आया।

      They went on 10th April. – वे 10 अप्रैल के गए।

      19. Over: के ऊपर (सटा या छूआ हुआ नहीं). से ऊपर /अधिक

      There was an umbrella over his head. – उसके सिर के ऊपर एक छाता था।
      He is over sixty. – वे साठ से ऊपर के है।
      There is a bridge over the river. – नवी के ऊपर एक पुल है।)

      20. Since: से (point of time के पहले)

      He has been absent since Monday. – वह सोमवार से अनुपस्थित है।

      21. To: की ओर, बाकी (समय का भाव), इत्यादि

      I am going to school. – मैं स्कूल जा रहा हूँ।

      पाँच बजने में दस मिनट बाकी है।

      22. Under: के नीचे, से कम

      The cat was under the table. – बिल्ली टेबुल के नीचे थी।
      She is under eighteen. वह 18 सो कम की है।

      23. With: के साथ, से, द्वारा

      He plays with his friend. – वह अपने दोस्त के साथ खेलता है।

      I write with a pen. – मैं कलम से लिखता हूँ।

      He cut the apple with a knife. – उसने सेब को चाकू से काटा।

      I am always with you, – मैं हमेशा तुम्हारे साथ हूँ।

      He was with a bag. – वह बैग के साथ था।

      24. Within: के अंदर
      He will come within an hour. – वह एक घंटे के अंदर आएगा।

      25. Without: के बिना

      The pen is without a nib. – कलम बिना निब की है।

      We can’t live without food. – हमलोग भोजन के बिना नहीं रह सकते।

      SOME SPECIAL HINTS

      1. At & In: जहाँ At का संबंध small extent of space/time से है वहीं In का संबंध wider extent of space/time से है। जैसे –

      He lives at salempur.

      He lives in Patna/Bihar/India.

      I will start at seven o’clock in the morning.

      2. In & Into: जहाँ In किसी चीज के भीतर स्थिरता या विश्राम को सूचित करता हैं, वहीं Into बाहर से भीतर आने की गति के सूचित करता है। जैसे —-

      The frog is in the well. (विश्राम)
      The dog fell into the well. (गति)

      3. With & By: किसी कार्य को संपादित करने के लिए जहाँ कोई प्रयुक्त उपकरणों (tools) या भौतिक वस्तुओं (material instruments) के पहले With का प्रयोग किया जाता है, वहीं agent or doer (जो प्रायः मनुष्य या भावाचक संज्ञा रहता है) के पहले By का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे —

      He was beaten with a stick.

      He was beaten by his teacher.

      The letter was written by him with a pen.

      7. Since & From: Future Tense में Point of Time के पहले Since का प्रयोग नहीं होता है, इसके बदले From का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —–

      I shall have been doing this from January.

      I shall be absent from Monday.

      5. (a) जब Intransitive Verb के बाद कोई Noun/Pronoun आता है, तब Verb और Noun/Pronoun के बीच में एक Preposition अवश्य आता है। जैसे —

      He is going to Patna.
      I depend on him.

      (b) जब Transitive Verb के बीच कोई Noun/Pronoun आता है, तब Verb और Noun/Pronoun के बीच में Preposition नहीं आता है। जैसे —-

      She loves me.

      I know him very well.

      He reads a book.

      The child is drinking milk.

      The poet describe Nature.

      We should obey our elders.

      WORDS FOLLOWED BY APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS

      Prepositions का प्रयोग करने में सावधानी बरतने की आवश्यकता होती है, क्योंकि अंग्रेजी में अनेक ऐसे शब्द हैं, जिनके साथ किसी खास Preposition का प्रयोग होता है। कुछ शब्दों के साथ भिन्न अर्थाें में भिन्न- भिन्न Prepositions का प्रयोग किया जाता है। अतः किसी शब्द के साथ लगाने से पहले यह ध्यान दें कि अभीष्ट शब्द जिस अर्थ भाव के लिए प्रयुक्त हो रहा है उसके लिए कोई खास Preposition है कि नहीं। अगर है तो उस खास Preposition का प्रयोग करना वहाँ आवश्यक होगा। जैसे —

      1. He lives in India. (वह भारत में रहता है।)

      2. He lives a Hajipur. (वह हाजीपुर में रहता है।)

      3. Man can live on milk diet. (दुग्ध-आहार पर मनुष्य जीवित रह सकता है।)

      4. We should live by honest labour. हमलागों को परिश्रम की कमाई खानी चाहिए।)

      अब हम कुछ शब्द और उनके साथ प्रयुक्त होनेवाले Appropriate Prepositions दे रहे हैं, जिन्हें ध्यान से पढ़े और समझें –

      1. According to: You should do according to the rules.

      2. Afraid of: I am not afraid of ghosts.

      3. Agree with (a person): I agree with you.

      4. Agree to (a proposal): I do not agree to your proposal.

      5. Agree on (a point): We all agree to a proposal: we agree on a point.)

      6. Angry with ( a person): The teacher was angry with me.

      7. Angry at (something): The teacher was angry at my mistake.

      (Note: We feel angry with a person at something. )

      8. Apply to a person: She applied to the Principal.

      9. Apply for something: She applied for three day’s leave.

      (Note: We apply to a person for something.)

      10. Ashamed of: I am ashamed of my failure.

      11. Belong to: This book belongs to me.

      12. Blind of (the eye): He is blind of one eye.

      13. Blind to (one’s fault): He is blind to his son’s fault.

      14. Care for: You must care for your health. (care as a verb)

      15. Care of: You must take care of your health. (care as a noun)

      16. Busy with: He is busy with his work.

      17. Congratulate on: He congratulated me on my success.

      18. Consist of: Our family consist of five members.

      19. Close to: He is very close to me.

      20. Deal in (something): He deals in rice.

      21. Deal with ( a person): We should deal with our friends sincerely.

      22. Die of: He died of cholera.

      23. Faithful to: The dog is always faithful to his master.

      24. Fond of: I am fond of sweets.

      25. Full of: The pot is full of water.

      26. Hope for: I hope for success.

      27. Good at: Ravi is good at cricket.

      28. Good to: He is good to me.

      29. Interest in: I have deep interest in music.

      30. Jealous of: He is jealous of me.

      31. Junior to: Sita is junior to me.

      32. Key to: Hard work is key to success.

      33. Kind to: We should be kind to the animals.

      34. Laugh at: Don’t laugh at the poor.

      35. Listen to: He is listening to the radio.

      36. Live on: The cow lives on grass.

      37. Look after: My mother looks after me.

      38. Look at: Look at the blackboard.

      39. Married to: Sita was married to Ram.

      40. obliged to/for: I shall be obliged to you for this.

      41. Prefer to: I prefer coffee to tea.

      42. Pray to: We pray to God everyday.

      43. Proud of: I am proud of my brother.

      44. Rich in: Jharkhand is rich in minerals.

      45. Run after: He runs after money.

      46. Reply to: I have replied to these letters.

      47. Satisfied with: I am satisfied with you.

      48. Sorry for: I am sorry for my mistake.

      49. Superior to: My pen is superior to your pen.

      50. Sure of: I am sure of your success.

      51. Taste for: I have no taste for music.

      52. Thankful o/for: I am thankful to you for your help.

      53. Tired of: I am tired of work.

      54. True of: I am true to my word.

      55. Wait for: I am waiting for Father.

      Vocabulary: 1. according to – के अनुसार, 2. afraid of – भयभीत, ghost – भूत, 3. agree – सहमत, सहमत होना, 4. proposal – प्रस्ताव, 5. point – बिंदु, 8. apply – आवेदन करना, 10. ashamed – लज्जित, 11. belong – से संबंध, 13. blind – ध्यान, faults – खामियाँ, 14. care (v) – ध्यान रखना, 15. care (n) – ध्यान, 17. congratulate – बधाई देना, success – सफलता, 18. consist – (से, का) बना होना, 19. close – घनिष्ठ, 20. deal – व्यापार करना, 21. deal – बर्ताव करना, 23. faithful – वफादार, निष्ठावान, 24. fond – प्रिय, 29. interest – रुचि, 30. jealous – ईष्यालु, 32. key – 36. live – जीवित रहना, 37. look after – देखभाल करना, 38. look – देखना, 40. आभारी, 41. prefer – (अधिक) चाहना, तरजीह देना, 43. proud – गर्वित, 45. run after – के पीछे पड़ा रहना, 46. reply – जवाब देना, 47. satisfied – संतुष्ट, 48. sorry – दुखी, 49. superior – बेहतर, 50. sure – आश्वस्त, स्वाद, रुचि, झुकाव, 52. thankful- कृतज्ञ, एहसानमंद, 53. tired – थका हुआ, 54. true – सच्चा, निष्ठावान, निष्कपट, 55. wait – इंतजार करना।

      EXAMPLES WORKED OUT

      [A] Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

      1. He lives …….. Bihar. (in, at, on)

      2. I live ……… Arrah. (in, at, on)

      3. The fan is …….. my head. (in, at, on)

      4. He is writing …….. a pen. (by, with, from)

      5. There is a book ……. the table. (at, on, over)

      6. She bought it ………. Rs. 10. (for, on, with)

      7. The book was writtien ……. him. (with, from, by)

      8. He jumped ….. the river. (in, into, on)

      9. He came …….. train. (with, on, by)

      10. What is the time ……….. your watch? (by, in, with

      11. He is sitting ………. the room. (in, at, on)

      12. He came here …… Monday. (since, on, at)

      13. He came ……… 5 o’clock. (since, on, at)

      14. I was born ……. 1980. (at, on, in)

      15. He is ……… Ravi and Gopi. (among, between, in)

      Ans. 1. in, 2. at, 3. over, 4. with, 5. on, 6. for, 7. by, 8. into, 9. by, 10. by 11. in, 12. on, 13. at, 14. in, 15. between.

      [B] Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

      1. He came …… 6 o’clock ….. the evening.

      2. The child fell …… the well.

      3. He has a hat ………. his head.

      4. Sita is ……. school.

      5. C comes ……… D.

      6. I go to school ……… bus.

      7. It has been raining ……… five hours.

      8. She has been sleeping …….. morning.

      9. We make curd ………… milk.

      10. We play ……… the evening.

      11. .The chair is made ……. wood.

      12. I don’t agree ………… you.

      13. This book belongs ……….. me.

      14. He is junior ……. me.

      15. They are tired ………. work.

      16. Please listen …………. me.

      17. Why are you laughing ……… him?

      18. My teacher is very kind …….. me.

      19. He cut the apple …….. a knife.

      20. He was born ……… 10th July ……. 1970.

      Ans. 1. at, in, 2. into, 3. on, 4. at, 5. before, 6. by, 7. for, 8. since, 9. from, 10. in, 11. of, 12. with, 13. to, 14. to, 15. of, 16. to, 17. at, 18. to, 19. with, 20. on, in.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

      1. I do not know …….. him. (about, for)

      2. It is ……. ten o’clock. (of, about)

      3. The sky is ….. the earth. (on, above)

      4. November comes …….. October. (after, before)

      5. July comes …….. August. (after, before)

      6. The mangoes were divided …. my two sons. (among, between)

      7. The mangoes were divided ……… my four sons. (among, between)

      8. He will come ………… the morning. (in, at)

      9. He come ……… 7 o’clock. (in, at)

      10. She lives ……….. Nepal. (in, at)

      11. Rice sells ………. Rs. 12/- a kilo. (at, by)

      12. My son is good ……… cricket. (in, at)

      13. The work was done …… him. (at, by)

      14. He killed the bird ………. a stone. (with, by)

      15. What is the time ………… your watch? (in, by)

      16. He come …….. bus. (by, on)

      17. This frock is ………… my sister. (about, for)

      18. I have been running ……. an hour. (since, for)

      19. She has been running ………… 8 o’clock. (since, for)

      20. I bought the bicycle ………… Rs. 500. (at, for)

      Answers:

      1. I do not know about him. (about, for)

      2. It is about ten o’clock. (of, about)

      3. The sky is above the earth. (on, above)

      4. November comes after October. (after, before)

      5. July comes before August. (after, before)

      6. The mangoes were divided between my two sons. (among, between)

      7. The mangoes were divided among my four sons. (among, between)

      8. He will come in the morning. (in, at)

      9. He came at 7 o’clock. (in, at)

      10. She lives in Nepal. (in, at)

      11. Rice sells at Rs. 12/- a kilo. (at, by)

      12. My son is good at cricket. (in, at)

      13. The work was done by him. (at, by)

      14. He killed the bird with a stone. (with, by)

      15. What is the time by your watch? (in, by)

      16. He came by bus. (by, on)

      17. This frock is for my sister. (about, for)

      18. I have been running for an hour. (since, for)

      19. She has been running since 8 o’clock. (since, for)

      20. I bought the bicycle for Rs. 500. (at, for)

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

      1. He has come ………… Patna. (in, from)

      2. What is he doing ……….. the room. (at, in)

      3. My brother is ………… the Navy. (at, in)

      4. She jumped ……….. the river. (in, into)

      5. He was swimming ………. the river. (in, into)

      6. She was siting ……….. her sister. (beside, besides)

      7. What is …………. the box? (in, at)

      8. The book is ……… the box. (in, at)

      9. This box is made ………. steel. (from, of)

      10. He hid ……… the tree. (on, behind)

      11. Give me a kilo ………. rice. (of, at)

      12. She died ………. cholera. (of, from)

      13. He is a member ……. my team. (of, at)

      14. I am not ………… her. (besides, against)

      15. He will come ………. Monday. (at, on)

      16. Stand up …………… the bench. (at, on)

      17. All ………. one were killed. (in, but)

      18. There was an umbrella ……… my head. (over, on)

      19. It is five ……… eleven. (to, by)

      20. The cat was ……… the table. (under, over)

      Answers:

      1. He has come from Patna. (in, from)

      2. What is he doing in the room? (at, in)

      3. My brother is in the Navy. (at, in)

      4. She jumped into the river. (in, into)

      5. He was swimming in the river. (in, into)

      6. She was sitting beside her sister. (beside, besides)

      7. What is in the box? (in, at)

      8. The book is in the box. (in, at)

      9. This box is made of steel. (from, of)

      10. He hid behind the tree. (on, behind)

      11. Give me a kilo of rice. (of, at)

      12. She died of cholera. (of, from)

      13. He is a member of my team. (of, at)

      14. I am not against her. (besides, against)

      15. He will come on Monday. (at, on)

      16. Stand up on the bench. (at, on)

      17. All but one were killed. (in, but)

      18. There was an umbrella over my head. (over, on)

      19. It is five to eleven. (to, by)

      20. The cat was under the table. (under, over)

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

      1. She is writing ………. a pen. (by, with)

      2. She was taught ……… me. (by, to)

      3. He will come …….. a month. (for, within)

      4. She cut the apple ……….. a knife. (by, with)

      5. Can you live ……….. air. (without, with)

      6. The letter was written ……. him ……… a pen. (with, on, by)

      7. You should do according …….. the rules. (by, to)

      8. I am proud ……… my son. (with, of)

      9. I am not satisfied ……. your work. (with, by)

      10. I agree ……… you …….. that point. (on, with, to)

      11. You should take care ………. your health. (at, of)

      12. The merchant deals ………. rice. (in, with)

      13. She has no taste ………… music. (of, for)

      14. He has not replied ……….. my letter. (to, by)

      15. I am fond ………. music. (of, to)

      16. She was married ……… my cousin. (to, with)

      17. Who are you waiting ………… ? (for, of)

      18. .This book consists ……….. 100 Pages. (with, of)

      19. I am not jealous ………. you. (for, of)

      20. Early rising is key ……… my good health. (of, to)

      Answers:

      1. She is writing with a pen. (by, with)

      2. She was taught by me. (by, to)

      3. He will come within a month. (for, within)

      4. She cut the apple with a knife. (by, with)

      5. Can you live without air? (without, with)

      6. The letter was written by him with a pen. (with, on, by)

      7. You should do according to the rules. (by, to)

      8. I am proud of my son. (with, of)

      9. I am not satisfied with your work. (with, by)

      10. I agree with you on that point. (on, with, to)

      11. You should take care of your health. (at, of)

      12. The merchant deals in rice. (in, with)

      13. She has no taste for music. (of, for)

      14. He has not replied to my letter. (to, by)

      15. I am fond of music. (of, to)

      16. She was married to my cousin. (to, with)

      17. Who are you waiting for? (for, of)

      18. This book consists of 100 pages. (with, of)

      19. I am not jealous of you. (for, of)

      20. Early rising is key to my good health. (of, to)

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

      1. You should not laugh …… him.

      2. I am senior ……. you.

      3. I prefer milk ……….. tea.

      4. She is good ………… English.

      5. I congratulated him ……. his success.

      6. You should be ashamed ……….. your conduct.

      7. What are you afraid ………… ?

      8. I pray ………. God everyday.

      9. He is angry ……. me …….. my behaviour.

      10. She is tired ………… work.

      11. I am true …….. my word.

      12. I am sorry …….. this.

      13. Why is she close ……… you?

      14. Please listen …….. me.

      15. She is obliged ……. you for your help.

      16. Are you sure ………. your success?

      17. The rich man runs ……… money.

      18. He has applied ……… the Principal …… leave.

      19. This car belongs ………. my uncle.

      20. I don’t care …….. her.

      Answers:

      1. You should not laugh at him.

      2. I am senior to you.

      3. I prefer milk to tea.

      4. She is good at English.

      5. I congratulated him on his success.

      6. You should be ashamed of your conduct.

      7. What are you afraid of?

      8. I pray to God every day.

      9. He is angry with me about my behaviour.

      10. She is tired of work.

      11. I am true to my word.

      12. I am sorry for this.

      13. Why is she close to you?

      14. Please listen to me.

      15. She is obliged to you for your help.

      16. Are you sure of your success?

      17. The rich man runs after money.

      18. He has applied to the Principal for leave.

      19. This car belongs to my uncle.

      20. I don’t care for her.

      Exercise

      Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:

      1. Mr Gupta is blind …….. one eye.

      2. Can man live ……… grass?

      .3. I am not interested ………. music.

      4. You should give ………. smoking.

      5. Look …….. the blackboard.

      6. I bought this hat …….. ten rupess.

      7. I will go ……… Patna …….. car.

      8. Wait ……… me. Don’t go ……… me.

      9. May I pay ………. cheque?

      10. The fact is known ………… me.

      11. It is now six minutes …………. ten.

      12. The train is ……….. to start.

      13. No one writes to me ………… you.

      14. What can I do ……. you?

      15. He spoke ……. me ………. the evening.

      6. He was blind ……….. birth.

      17. The train starts ……….. Patna and goes ……… Delhi.

      18. I am thankful …….. you ……. Mother ……… a knife.

      19. The vegetables were cut …………. Mother ……… a knife.

      20. I am interested ….. chess but I am not good ……… it.

      Answers:

      1. Mr. Gupta is blind in one eye.

      2. Can man live on grass?

      3. I am not interested in music.

      4. You should give up smoking.

      5. Look at the blackboard.

      6. I bought this hat for ten rupees.

      7. I will go to Patna by car.

      8. Wait for me. Don’t go without me.

      9. May I pay by cheque?

      10. The fact is known to me.

      11. It is now six minutes to ten.

      12. The train is about to start.

      13. No one writes to me but you.

      14. What can I do for you?

      15. He spoke to me in the evening.

      16. He was blind from birth.

      17. The train starts from Patna and goes to Delhi.

      18. I am thankful to you for your help.

      19. The vegetables were cut by Mother with a knife.

      20. I am interested in chess but I am not good at it.

    3. Subject Verb Agreement in English

      Subject और Verb के बीच तालमेल (agreement) आवश्यक है। अर्थात् Verb का वही Number और Person होता है जो उसके Subject का होता है इसलिए किसी वाक्य में Verb का प्रयोग करने के पहले यह जानना आवश्यक हो जाता है कि उसके Subject का Number और Person क्या है। इसके किए यहाँ कुछ नियम बताए जा रहें हैं, जिन्हें आप ध्यान से समझें।

      1. जब Noun के अंत में -s/es लगता है तब वह Plural हो जाता है, परंतु जब Verb के अंत में -s/es लगता है तब वह Singular हो जाता है। अर्थात्

      Noun + s/es = Plural
      Verb + s/es = Singular

      इस तालिका को समझें –

      NounVerb
      SingularPluralPluralSingular
      Cow
      boy
      bench
      Cows
      boys
      benches
      Go
      do
      eat
      Goes
      does
      eats

      इस प्रकार यह स्पष्ट है कि Verb का मूल रुप हमेशा Plural Number में रहता है जब उसमें -s/es जुड़ता है तब वह हो जाता है।

      2. Singular Subject के साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग होता है। और Plural Subject के साथ Plural Verb का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      Sing. Sub + Sing. VerbPlu. Sub + Plu. Verb
       The boy reads.
      The cow gives milk.
      This pen is red.
      My brother is a doctor.
      He was going.
      She was ready.
      The boys read.
      Cows give milk.
      These pens are red.
      My brothers are doctors.
      They were going.
      They were ready.

      Note 1. I Singular है, पंरतु इसके साथ Plural Verb (have, eat, laugh, run, etc) का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      I have a dog.
      I have eaten.
      I have been sleeping.
      I love my friends.

      Note 2. You का प्रयोग Singular Noun के बदले में भी होता है और Plural Noun के बदले में भी, परंतु दोनों की परिस्थितियों में इसके साथ Plural Verb का को प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      You are a student.
      You are students.
      You were my friend.
      You were my friends.

      3. यदि वाक्य में Subject के रुप में या वाक्य के Subject में each, every, either, neither, one, everyone, anyone, no one, someone, somebody, nobody, much, a little, little, इत्यादि प्रयुक्त रहें, तों Verb Singular number में प्रयुक्त होगा। जैसे –

      Each boy has a pen.

      Each of them is guilty.

      Everyone was present.

      Either way is safe.

      No one is ready to go.

      Nobody was there.

      Much has been said on this.

      Every boy and girl was award

      4. both, many, several, few, a few, these, those, two, three, four, etc. से Plural Number का बोध होता है। अतः वाक्य के Subject के रुप में या वाक्य के subject में यदि ये प्रयुक्त रहें, तो Verb Plural Number में प्रयुक्त होगा। जैसे –

      Both of them are guilty.

      Many boys are there.

      Several apples were rotten.

      A few persons are honest.

      Those are your books.

      Three cows are grazing there.

      5. यदि किसी वाक्य का Subject as well as, along with, together, with, with, and, not, like, unlike, including, excluding, but, except या besides के द्वारा join रहे, तो वाक्य का Verb इन शब्दों के पहले प्रयुक्त होनेवाले पद के अनुसार Singular या Plural होगा। जैसे –

      He as well as his children is honest.
      I as well as they am ready to go there.
      All the players with the captain, are present in the ground.
      He, and not I, has done it.
      He along with his friends is coming today.

      6. यदि वाक्य के Subject में प्रयुक्त दो या दो अधिक Nouns/Pronouns को or, nor, either … or या neither …. nor से अलग किया जाए, तो Verb अपने से सबसे नजदीक आनेवाले Noun/Pronoun के अनुसार प्रयुक्त होगा। जैसे –

      Either you or he is guilty.

      Neither he nor I am guilty.

      Are you or he to blame?

      You or he is to blame.

      Either Ram or his friends are guilty.

      7. कुछ वाक्यों में की बनावट इस प्रकार रहती है –

      Noun + Preposition + Noun + ……….
      the cow of Ram the boys of this school
      the cows of Ram the water of these rivers

      ऐसे वाक्यों में Verb का प्रयोग प्रथम Noun के अनुसार होता है। जैसे –

      The cow of Ram is ill.

      The cows of Ram are ill.

      The water of these rivers is dirty.

      8. यदि वाक्य का Subject कोई ऐसा Noun हो जिससे निश्चित दूरी, समय, मात्रा, रकम या वजन का बोध होता हो तो Plural रहने पर भी ऐसे Subjects के साथ singular का प्रयोग होता है, क्योंकि उनसे संख्या का बोध न होकर निश्चित मात्रा, माप या परिणाम का बोध होता है। जैसे –

      Forty miles is a long distance to walk.

      ten rupess was given to me.

      Ten hours is enough for the work.

      Five tons of coal is needed for the work.

      9. जब दो अंक and से संयुक्त रहते हैं, तब उनके प्रयुक्त Verb प्रायः Singular Number में रहता है। जैसे –

      Two and tow is four.

      10. यदि वाक्य का Subject ‘The + Adjective’ हो तो Verb Plural होगा। जैसे –

      The poor are honest.

      The rich are happy.

      The old are helpless.

      The blind have their own way.

      11. कुछ ऐसे Singular Nouns हैं जो and से जुड़े रहते हैं और प्रयोग में बराबर एक साथ आते हैं, मानों एक Noun दुसरे का जोड़ा हो। ऐसे वाक्यों का Verb सदा Singular रहता है क्योंकि उनसे एक ही वस्तु, भाव -विशेष का बोध होता है, अलग-अलग दो वस्तुओं का नही। जैसे –

      Rice and curry is my favourite dish.

      Bread and butter is a rich food.

      Slow and steady wins the race.

      अपवाद : इस वाक्य में Verb Plural Number में प्रयुक्त हुआ है-

      Time and tide wait for none.

      12. There से आरंम्भ होनेवाले वाक्यों के verbs उनके असली Subjects के अनुसार प्रयुक्त होते है, जो वाक्यों में there के बाद प्रयुक्त रहते हैं। जैसे –

      There is a boy.

      There are boys.

      There is no book in the box.

      There are no books in the box.

      13. कुछ ऐसे विषय, बिमारी, खेल, किताब, देश और शहर के नाम हैं जिनके अंत में s लगा रहता है, फिर भी इनके साथ Singular Verbs का ही प्रयोग होता है। ये हैं –

      बिमारियों के नाम – measles. mumps, etc.

      खेलों के नाम – billiards, darts, etc.

      विषयों के नाम – mathematics, physics, phonetics, statistics, linguistics, etc.

      देश और शहर के नाम – Wales, Athens, The United States, etc.

      Measles is a dangerous disease.

      Mathematics is not an easy subject.

      The United States is a great country.

      Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare is an interesting book.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs choosing from the brackets –

      Examples:

      (a) You, he and I ……. Friends. (am, are) Ans . – are

      (b) Each of the boys ……. come. (have, has) Ans.- has

      (c) Every book …….. on the table. (is, are) Ans. – is

      (d) Several boys ……. bicycles. (has, have) Ans. – have

      (e) Either of you ……… wrong. (is, are) Ans. – is

      (f) Many students …….. absent. (is, are) Ans. – are

      g) I along with my friends …… going. (was, were) Ans. – was

      (h) Either he or I …….. mistaken. (is, am) Ans. -am

      (i) Each boy and girl …… come. (has, have) Ans. – has

      (j) Neither the boys nor the teacher ……. present. (was, were) Ans.- was

      1. You and he …….. Present. (was, were)

      2. The students …….. slept. (has, have)

      3. Those houses ……… new. (were, was)

      4. Every an and woman ……… equal right. (has, have)

      5. Every child ….. a toy. (has, have)

      6. Each of them ………. rewarded. (was. were)

      7. Either boy …….. guilty. (is are)

      8. Either of the girls ……….. present. (was, were)

      9. Neither book ……… useful. (is, are)

      10. Neither of them …….. innocent. (was, were)

      11. Everyone …………. pleased there. (was, were)

      12. No one ………. absent in the class. (was, were)

      13. Someone ……….. stolen my pen. (have, has)

      14. Only a little water………. there. (was, were)

      15. Several boys ………. playing. (is, are)

      16. Many mangoes ………. not sweet. (is, are)

      17. A few books ………. useful. (is, are)

      18. Few persons ………. there. (were, was)

      19. I as well as my father …………… this. (know, knows)

      20. She as well as I ………… going there. (is, am)

      21. He along with his friends ……….. arrived. (have, has)

      22. Neither you nor he ……… guilty. (is, are)

      23. Either Ram or his friends …….. done this. (have , has)

      24. She or her sisters ……… done it. (has, have)

      25. Either she or I …….. to win. (is, am)

      Answers:
      1. Either she or I am to win. (is, am)
      2. You and he were present. (was, were)
      3. The students have slept. (has, have)
      4. Those houses were new. (were, was)
      5. Every man and woman has equal right. (has, have)
      6. Every child has a toy. (has, have)
      7. Each of them was rewarded. (was, were)
      8. Either boy is guilty. (is, are)
      9. Either of the girls was present. (was, were)
      10. Neither book is useful. (is, are)
      11. Neither of them was innocent. (was, were)
      12. Everyone was pleased there. (was, were)
      13. No one was absent in the class. (was, were)
      14. Someone has stolen my pen. (have, has)
      15. Only a little water was there. (was, were)
      16. Several boys are playing. (is, are)
      17. Many mangoes are not sweet. (is, are)
      18. A few books are useful. (is, are)
      19. Few persons were there. (were, was)
      20. I as well as my father know this. (know, knows)
      21. She as well as I am going there. (is, am)
      22. He along with his friends has arrived. (have, has)
      23. Neither you nor he is guilty. (is, are)
      24. Either Ram or his friends have done this. (have, has)
      25. She or her sisters have done it. (has, have)

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs choosing from the brackets.

      Examples :

      (a) The cow of Ram …….. black. (is, are) Ans. – is

      (b) The cows of Ram ……… black. (is, are) Ans. – are

      (c) Fifty miles ………… a long distance. (is, are) Ans. – is

      (d) Five rupees ………… a small amount. (is, are) Ans. – is

      (e) Ten plus ten ………… twenty. (is, are) Ans. -is

      (f) The poor ………..honest. (is, are) Ans. are

      (g) There ……….. seven boys there. (is, are) Ans. – are

      (h) Physics ………….. an interesting subject. (is, are) Ans. – is

      (i) Rice and curry ………. a good meal. (is, are) Ans. – is

      (j) The United States …. a great country. (is. are) Ans. – is

      1. The water of these rivers ………. dirty. (is, are)

      2. The eyes of the elephant ……….. small. (is, are)

      3. The books on the table ……… mine. (is, are)

      4. The colour of these flowers ……….. bright. (is, are)

      5. Ten kilos of sugar ……… needed. (is, are)

      6. Sixty miles ………. a long distance. (is, are)

      7. Five hundred rupees ……… paid to me. (was, were)

      8. Five and five ………… ten. (is, are)

      9. Ten times five ……… fifty. (is, are)

      10. Ten hours …………. not enough for this. (is, are)

      11. The blind ……… helpless. (is, are)

      12. The rich ………. proud. (is, are)

      13. There ……….. a pen in his pocket. (is, are)

      14. There ………. two pens in his pocket. (is, are)

      15. There ……….. a boy and a girl there. (was, were)

      16. Bread and butter ……. a rich food. (is. are)

      17. Mathematics ……… an interesting subject. (is, are)

      18. The teeth of the boy ………… white. (is, are)

      19. She, and not I ……….. wrong. ( is, are)

      20. The people of this village ………. happy. (is, are)

      21. Each of the boys ………… intelligent. (is, are)

      22. You as well as he ……. guilty. (is, are)

      23. Either he or I ……… mistaken. (is, am)

      24. Neither of them ………. present. (was, were)

      25. You and I …….. neighbours. (am, are)

      Answers:

      1. The water of these rivers is dirty. (is, are)

      2. The eyes of the elephant are small. (is, are)

      3. The books on the table are mine. (is, are)

      4. The colour of these flowers is bright. (is, are)

      5. Ten kilos of sugar is needed. (is, are)

      6. Sixty miles is a long distance. (is, are)

      7. Five hundred rupees was paid to me. (was, were)

      8. Five and five is ten. (is, are)

      9. Ten times five is fifty. (is, are)

      10. Ten hours is not enough for this. (is, are)

      11. The blind are helpless. (is, are)

      12. The rich are proud. (is, are)

      13. There is a pen in his pocket. (is, are)

      14. There are two pens in his pocket. (is, are)

      15. There was a boy and a girl there. (was, were)

      16. Bread and butter is a rich food. (is, are)

      17. Mathematics is an interesting subject. (is, are)

      18. The teeth of the boy are white. (is, are)

      19. She, and not I, is wrong. (is, are)

      20. The people of this village are happy. (is, are)

      21. Each of the boys is intelligent. (is, are)

      22. You as well as he is guilty. (is, are)

      23. Either he or I am mistaken. (is, am)

      24. Neither of them was present. (was, were)

      25. You and I are neighbors. (am, are)

    4. Interrogative Sentence in English

      Assertive Sentences को Interrogative Sentences में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित प्रमुख नियम हैं-

      1. वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Auxiliary Verb को Subject के पहले रखने से वाक्य Interrogative Sentence में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। जैसे –

      Assertive

      He is ill.

      I have eaten.

      She will dance today.

      She should sing.

      She does not dance.

      They did not come.

      I was not ready.

      Interrogative

      Is he ill?

      Have I eaten?

      Will she dance today?

      Should she sing?

      Does she not dance?

      Did they not come?

      Was I not ready?

      2. जब किसी वाक्य में Ordinary Verb Simple Present Tense में प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब Subject के पहले do/does का प्रयोग करके वाक्य को Interrogative Sentence में परिवर्तित किया जाता है। और, इस वाक्य में अगर Ordinary Verb में पहले से -s या -es लगा रहता है तो वह -s या -es लुप्त हो जाता है।अर्थात् Interrogative Sentence का structure इस प्रकार हो जाता हैं-

      Do + I/we/you/they/plural noun + V1 ?
      Does + he/she/it/singular noun + V1?

      Assertive

      I play.

      They know me.

      Ram laughs.

      He eats.

      He loves me.

      Interrogative

      Do I play?

      Do they know me?

      Does Ram laugh?

      Does he eat?

      Does he love me?

      3. जब किसी वाक्य में Ordinary Verb Simple Past Tense में प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब अभीष्ट वाक्य को Interrogative Sentence में परिवर्तित करने के लिए Subject के पहले did का प्रयोग किया जाता है और Subject के बाद प्रयुक्त Verb के V2 form को V1 form परिवर्तित किया जाता है। इस परिस्थिति में Interrogative Sentence का structure होता है-

      Dis + Subject + V1 ?

      Assertive

      Subject + V2

      I went.

      They won the match.

      He killed a bird.

      He did.

      Interrogative

      Did + Subject + V1 ?

      Did I go?

      Did they win the match?

      Did he kill a bird?

      Did he do?

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Change the following into interrogative sentences –

      Examples:

      (a) She is working.

      (b) You have no money.

      (c) You know English.

      (d) Sita dances well.

      (e) We saw the Tajmahal.

      Answers:

      (a) Is she working?

      (b) Have you no money?

      (c) Do you know English?

      (e) Did we see the Tajmahal?

      [A]

      1. She is a good girl.

      2. We can lift it.

      3. They have arrived.

      4. I t has been raining.

      5. They are doing nothing.

      6. The robbers were cruel.

      7. He was coming to me.

      8. They had no friends.

      9. The train had reached earlier.

      10. Mohan had not been sleeping.

      11. She will be our guide.

      12. Sita will be dancing there.

      13. We shall have danced.

      14. I shall have danced.

      15. The child can walk fast.

      16. I did not listen to him.

      17. She does not know English.

      18. Everyone should love his country.

      19. There are twenty boys here.

      20. It is not half past ten.

      21. I must be here by ten o’clock.

      22. My friend had no idea of it.

      23. The poor girl has no money.

      24. It will not rain today.

      Answers:

      1. Is she a good girl?

      2. Can we lift it?

      3. Have they arrived?

      4. Has it been raining?

      5. Are they doing nothing?

      6. Were the robbers cruel?

      7. Was he coming to me?

      8. Had they no friends?

      9. Had the train reached earlier?

      10. Had Mohan not been sleeping?

      11. Will she be our guide?

      12. Will Sita be dancing there?

      13. Shall we have danced?

      14. Shall I have danced?

      15. Can the child walk fast?

      16. Did I not listen to him?

      17. Does she not know English?

      18. Should everyone love his country?

      19. Are there twenty boys here?

      20. Is it not half past ten?

      21. Must I be here by ten o’clock?

      22. Had my friend no idea of it?

      23. Has the poor girl no money?

      24. Will it not rain today?

      [B]

      1. The cow eats grass.

      2. Cows eat grass.

      3. He wants to be a doctor.

      4. I love everybody.

      5. We often go to pictures.

      6. You tell a lie.

      7. She never cooks food.

      8. Children love toys.

      9. You cheated him.

      10. Mukul wants to be a doctor.

      11. Your brother needs your help.

      12. These books helped me a lot.

      13. I went there.

      14. Mohan came soon.

      15. They played the match.

      16. He wanted to be an engineer.

      17. I never did that.

      18. He cried out for help.

      19. She lived in that house.

      20. Her dress looks beautiful.

      21. I wanted to see him.

      22. She passed the examination.

      23. These students get up early in the morning.

      24. Mohan and Sohan saved the life of the poor girl.

      Answers:

      1. Does the cow eat grass?

      2. Do cows eat grass?

      3. Does he want to be a doctor?

      4. Do I love everybody?

      5. Do we often go to pictures?

      6. Do you tell a lie?

      7. Does she never cook food?

      8. Do children love toys?

      9. Did you cheat him?

      10. Does Mukul want to be a doctor?

      11. Does your brother need your help?

      12. Did these books help me a lot?

      13. Did I go there?

      14. Did Mohan come soon?

      15. Did they play the match?

      16. Did he want to be an engineer?

      17. Did I never do that?

      18. Did he cry out for help?

      19. Did she live in that house?

      20. Does her dress look beautiful?

      21. Did I want to see him?

      22. Did she pass the examination?

      23. Do these students get up early in the morning?

      24. Did Mohan and Sohan save the life of the poor girl?

      USE OF QUESTION WORDS

      इस Chapter में अभी तक जितने भी Interrogative Sentences की चर्चा हुई है, वे सभी किसी न किसी auxiliary से शुरू होते हैं। ऐसे Interrogative Sentences जो Auxiliaries से शुरु होते हैं, उनकी खास विशेषता यह है कि उनमें निहित प्रश्न का जवाब yes या no में दिया जा सकता है। अतः इन्हें yes-no questions कहते हैं। अब हम ऐसे Interrogative Sentences पर विचार करें जो Question words से शुरू होते हैं।

      what, when, where, which, whose, whom, who, why, how, etc Question Words हैं।

      1. यदि कोई Question Word या Question Word + Noun ही किसी वाक्य का Subject हो, तो अभीष्ट Interrogative sentence का structure होना –

      Question Word + Verb + अन्य पद ?
      Question Word + Noun + Verb + अन्य पद ?

      कौन आएगा? (who will come? )

      कौन तुम्हें पीटेगा? (Who will beat you?)

      कौन तुम्हें जानता है ? (Who knows you?)

      किसने हवा को देखा है? (Who has seen the wind? )

      कौन इस प्रश्न का उत्तर दे सकता है ? (Who can answer the question? )

      किसकी कलम लाल है? (Whose pen is red?)

      किसकी गाय वहाँ चर रही है ? (Whose cow is grazing there?)

      कौन आदमी किसकी मदद करेंगा? (Which man will help me? )

      क्या गलत है ? (What is wrong? )

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Using the question word given in the bracket frame question to which the following may be suitable answers-

      Examples:

      (a) Ram reads in class VII. (What)

      Ans – What class does Ram read in?

      (b) My mother came yesterday. (When)

      Ans- When did your mother come?

      (c) He will buy four horses. (How many)

      Ans. – How many horses will he buy.

      (d) Ram killed Ravan. (Who)

      Ans – Who killed Ravan?

      (e) The girl is six years old. (How old)

      Ans- How old is the girl?

      (f) He came here the books. (Why)

      Ans- Why did he come here?

      (g) I have four cows. (How many)

      Ans – How many cows have you?

      (h) This is Mohan’s dog. (Whose)

      Ans- Whose dog is this?

      1. My name is Mukul. (What)

      2. My father is a doctor. (What)

      3. I live at Gaya. (Where)

      4. The cow eats grass. (What)

      5. He gets up at 5 o’clock in the morning. (When)

      6. He is weeping for milk. (What)

      7. The boys are playing cricket. (What)

      8. They are going to the coffee. (Where)

      9. My father has gone to the office. (Where)

      10. He killed a bird. (What)

      11. She came a month ago. (when)

      12. The children made noises for sweets. (Why)

      3. He went to Agra. (Where)

      14.They bought four horses. (How many)

      15. He was playing in the room. (Where)

      16. She will come tomorrow. (When)

      17. He will be a doctor. (What)

      18. I shall go to America. (Where)

      19. She dances very beautifully. (How)

      20. She taught my son. (Who)

      21. I beat the wicked boy. (Whom)

      22. The train starts at 10 o’clock. (When)

      23. Birds love to fly here and there. (what)

      24. The hunter shot the lion. (Who)

      25. The match will start now. (when)

      Answers:

      1. What is your name?

      2. What is your father?

      3. Where do you live?

      4. What does the cow eat?

      5. When does he get up in the morning?

      6. What is he weeping for?

      7. What are the boys playing?

      8. Where are they going?

      9. Where has your father gone?

      10. What did he kill?

      11. When did she come?

      12. Why did the children make noises?

      13. Where did he go?

      14. How many horses did they buy?

      15. Where was he playing?

      16. When will she come?

      17. What will he be?

      18. Where shall you go?

      19. How does she dance?

      20. Who taught your son?

      21. Whom did you beat?

      22. When does the train start?

      23. What do birds love to do?

      24. Who shot the lion?

      25. When will the match start?

      EXERCISE

      1. Raju and Vinay are my friends. (Who)

      2. They are students. (What)

      3. It is Monday today. (What day)

      4. She has four sons. (How many sons)

      5. There ae 400 students in this school. (How many)

      6. This is Mohan’s dog. (Whose dog)

      7. The wall is ten feet high. (How high)

      8. I am ten minutes late (How many)

      9. He eats five mangoes everyday. (How many mangoes)

      10. My son is ten years old. (How old)

      11. He wants this book. (Which book)

      12. John broke Mohan’s window. (Whose window)

      13. My mother gave me sweets. (What)

      14. My mother gave me sweets. (What)

      15. The cat has two eyes. (How many eyes)

      16. He had nothing in his pocket. (What)

      17. This will help you. (What)

      18. My watch was lost. (What)

      19. My son stood first. (whose son)

      20. Ram loves his mother very much. (Who)

      21. Ram loves his mother very much (How much)

      22. He saw a thief last night. (What)

      23. He saw a thief last night. (When)

      24. Hari does not like cats. (Who)

      25. Hari does not like cats. (What)

      Answers:

      1. Who are Raju and Vinay to you?

      2. What are they?

      3. What day is it today?

      4. How many sons does she have?

      5. How many students are there in this school?

      6. Whose dog is this?

      7. How high is the wall?

      8. How many minutes late are you?

      9. How many mangoes does he eat every day?

      10. How old is your son?

      11. Which book does he want?

      12. Whose window did John break?

      13. What did your mother give you?

      14. What did your mother give you?

      15. How many eyes does the cat have?

      16. What did he have in his pocket?

      17. What will help you?

      18. What was lost?

      19. Whose son stood first?

      20. Who loves his mother very much?

      21. How much does Ram love his mother?

      22. What did he see last night?

      23. When did he see a thief?

      24. Who does not like cats?

      25. . What does Hari not like?

    5. Negative sentences in English

      Affirmative Sentence को Negative बनाने के लिए निम्नलिखित कुछ प्रमुख नियम हैं –

      1. am, is, are, was, were, shall, will, do, does, did, can, could, may, might, must, should, would, ought, इत्यादि auxiliaries के बाद प्रायः not लगाकर वाक्य को Negative बनाया जाता है। जैसे –

      Affirmative Negative

      I am ready. I am not ready.

      We are students We are not students.

      He will come. He will not come.

      You should go. You should not go.

      2. have, has और had के बाद कहीं ‘not’ लगता है तो कही ‘no’ अतः आपको इस सबंध में विशेष ध्यान देने की जरुरत है।

      (a) जब have/has/had के तुरंत बाद Verb, Article, संख्यासूचक शब्द (one, two, many, any, etc) या परिणामसूचक शब्द (much, any, etc) रहता है, तब have/has/had के बाद not लगाने से वाक्य Negative Sentence में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। जैसे –

      Affirmative \

      I have eaten.

      I have eaten.

      He had gone.

      Hari has two cars.

      I had much money.

      Negative

      I have not eaten.

      He had not gone.

      Hari has not a cow.

      I had not much money.


      (b) जब have/has/had के तुरंत बाद Noun या Adjective of Quality (good, red, etc) रहता हैं, तब have/has/had के बाद no लगाने से वाक्य Negative Sentence में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। जैसे –

      Affirmative Negative

      She has ink. She has no ink.

      They had cows. They had no ink.

      I have red pens. I have no red pens.

      3. eat, laugh, go, read, इत्यादि Ordinary Verbs हैं। जब ये Present Indefinite Tense प्रयुक्त रहते हैं, तब इनके पहले do not/does not लगाकर वाक्यों के Negative Sentences में परिवर्तित किया जाता है। और, इस परिस्थिति में अगर Ordinary Verbs में पहले से -s या -es लगा रहता है, तो वह -s या -es लुप्त हो जाता है। अर्थात् Negative Sentences के Structures इस प्रकार हो जाते हैं –

      I/We/You/They/Plural Noun +do not + V1.
      He/She/It/Singular Noun +does not + V1 .

      Affirmative

      I read.

      He reads.

      The cow eats.

      Ram plays.

      Negative

      I do not read.

      He does not read.

      The cow does not eat.

      Ram does not play.

      4. जब वाक्यों में Ordinary Verbs का Past Tense यानी went, ate, laughed इत्यादि प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब did not का प्रयोग कर वाक्यों को Negative Sentences में परिवर्तित किया जाता है। और, इस परिस्थिति में Ordinary Verbs का V2 form V1 Form में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।

      Affirmative

      Negative

      Subject + V2 subject + did not + V1
      I went. I did not go.
      He laughed. He did not laugh.
      They did. They did not do.
      The teacher taught us. The teacher did not tech us.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Change the following into negative sentences.

      Examples:

      (a) I can solve.

      (b) I have gold.

      (c) He has come.

      (d) The boy weeps.

      (e) They laughed.

      Answers:

      I cannot solve.

      I have no gold.

      He has not come.

      The boy does not weep.

      They did not laugh.

      1. I am a farmer.

      2. You are honest.

      3. They were absent.

      4. She will come soon.

      5. We shall win the match.

      6. You can defeat him.

      7. It should be gone.

      8. You must go there.

      9. He would come.

      10. Ram is a poor farmer.

      11. He is coming today.

      12. She was dancing there.

      13. He was beaten.

      14. She must be a queen.

      15. I shall be a doctor.

      16. I have eaten.

      17. He has been ill.

      18. They had reached.

      19. She has a car.

      20. My son had an ink -pot.

      21. The boy has six books.

      22. The beggar had rice.

      23. I have much gold.

      24. They had tow horses.

      25. She has cows.

      26. He had fever.

      27. They have water.

      28. I have good horses.

      29. I have a good horse.

      30. I have three goods horses.

      31. The boy has honesty.

      32. We have freedom.

      33. I have love for him.

      34. She has golden watches.

      35. They have good win.

      36. She will have peace.

      37. My father had a red cars.

      38. My father had red car.

      39. She had blue eyes.

      40. She has black ink.

      Answers:

      1. I am not a farmer.

      2. You are not honest.

      3. They were not absent.

      4. She will not come soon.

      5. We shall not win the match.

      6. You cannot defeat him.

      7. It should not be gone.

      8. You must not go there.

      9. He would not come.

      10. Ram is not a poor farmer.

      11. He is not coming today.

      12. She was not dancing there.

      13. He was not beaten.

      14. She must not be a queen.

      15. I shall not be a doctor.

      16. I have not eaten.

      17. He has not been ill.

      18. They had not reached.

      19. She does not have a car.

      20. My son did not have an ink-pot.

      21. The boy does not have six books.

      22. The beggar did not have rice.

      23. I do not have much gold.

      24. They did not have two horses.

      25. She does not have cows.

      26. He did not have fever.

      27. They do not have water.

      28. I do not have good horses.

      29. I do not have a good horse.

      30. I do not have three good horses.

      31. The boy does not have honesty.

      32. We do not have freedom.

      33. I do not have love for him.

      34. She does not have golden watches.

      35. They do not have good wine.

      36. She will not have peace.

      37. My father did not have red cars.

      38. My father did not have a red car.

      39. She did not have blue eyes.

      40. She does not have black ink.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Change the following into negative sentences.

      (a) I know him.

      (b) She knows him.

      (c) Ram went there.

      (d) They laughed at me.

      Answers:

      (a) I don not know him. .

      (b) She does not know him.

      (c) Ram did not go there.

      (d) They did not laugh at me.

      1. I love her.

      2. We love India.

      3. You know him.

      4. She cars for you.

      5. He reads at night.

      6. Ram knows English.

      7. They play football.

      8. The boys go to school.

      9. He came yesterday.

      10. I did the work.

      11. She loved me.

      12. They ploughed the field..

      13. He helped the beggar.

      14. The teacher taught us.

      15. My mother gave me sweets.

      16. His brothers love him.

      17. The players came in time.

      18. She can sing a song.

      19. I have toys.

      20. The poor man had a cat.

      21. They have been absent.

      22. She had been playing.

      23. They will be playing.

      24. I shall have played.

      25. He is trying to do.

      26. I am to read.

      27. He has to work.

      28. It will be done.

      29. She is being taught.

      30. I was taught.

      Answers:

      1. I do not love her.

      2. We do not love India.

      3. You do not know him.

      4. She does not care for you.

      5. He does not read at night.

      6. Ram does not know English.

      7. They do not play football.

      8. The boys do not go to school.

      9. He did not come yesterday.

      10. I did not do the work.

      11. She did not love me.

      12. They did not plough the field.

      13. He did not help the beggar..

      14. The teacher did not teach us.

      15. My mother did not give me sweets.

      16. His brothers do not love him.

      17. The players did not come in time.

      18. She cannot sing a song.

      19. I do not have toys.

      20. The poor man did not have a cat.

      21. They have not been absent.

      22. She had not been playing.

      23. They will not be playing.

      24. I shall not have played.

      25. He is not trying to do it.

      26. I am not to read.

      27. He does not have to work.

      28. It will not be done.

      29. She is not being taught.

      30. I was not taught.

    6. Tense English Grammar in Hindi

      Tense से क्रिया का कोई रुप अथवा दो या दो से अधिक रुपों के संगठन का बोध होता हैं। जिसका प्रयोग किसी कार्य-व्यापार के होने का समय दर्शाने में होता है।

      * The tense stands for a verb from or series of verb form used to express a time relation.

      is reading/is coming/is playing – Present Progressive Tense
      has been waiting/has been raining – Present Perfect Continuous Tense
      saw/played/ate/did – Simple Past Tense
      will go/shall come/shall eat – Simple Future Tense

      अंग्रेजी में Tense के तीन भेद हैं-

      1. Present Tense

      2. Past Tense

      3. Future Tense

      पुनः प्रत्येक के चार भेद हैं। Present Tense के चारों भेद इस प्रकार हैं-

      (a) Simple Present Tense

      (b) Present Progressive Tense/Present Continuous Tense

      (c) Present Perfect Tense

      (d) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

      इसी तरह Past Tense और Future Tense के भी चार-चार भेद हैं। अब इन बारहों Tenses का अलग-अलग विस्तारपूर्वक अध्ययन करें।

      1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

      [अभी हम सभी Tenses के सिर्फ Affirmative Sentences की चर्चा करेगें, Negative और Interrogative Sentences की चर्चा आगे के Chapters में करेगें ।

      इन वाक्यों को देखें –

      I am a boy. (मैं एक लड़का हूँ।)

      We are students. ( हमलोग छात्र हैं।)

      They boy is ill. (लड़का बीमार है।)

      I have a car. (मुझे एक कार है।)

      She has a cow. ( उसके पास एक गाय है।)

      The cow eats grass. ( गाय घास खाती है।)

      They play footballs. (वे लोग फुटबाॅल खेलते हैं।)

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verbs am, is, are, have, has, eats और play Simple Present Form में प्रयुक्त हैं। ऐसे Simple Present Form में प्रयुक्त Verbs को Simple Present tense में होना समझा जाता है।

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verbs को Simple Present Tense में होना समझा जाता है –

      Subject + Verb in Simple Present Form (either singular or plural).

      कहाँ Singular Verb का प्रयोग होगा और कहाँ Plural Verb का, इसके लिए आगे दी गई सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      Note 1. हिंदी के वाक्यों में जब मुख्य क्रिया के रुप में हूँ, है, हो या हैं रहता है या धातु + ता हूँ /ती हूँ/ ते है /ते हैं /ते हो /ती हो /ता है /ती हैं रहता है, तब उन वाक्यों की क्रियाओं का अनुवाद प्रायः Simple Present Tense में होता है। उदाहरण के लिए ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें और अनुवाद के लिए इस सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      सारणी (Subject + Verb)

      Note 2. He के स्थान पर या कोई भी उपयुक्त Singular Subjects आ सकता है तथा के स्थान पर कोई भी उपयुक्त Plural Subject आ सकता है।

      Note 3. जब Main Verb के रुप में am/is/are/has/have का प्रयोग होता है, तब इसके बाद Noun या कोई अन्य उपयुक्त Complement का आना आवश्यक हो जाता है। जैसे –

      He is ready. I am a student. I have a pen.

      Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग –

      1. इस Tense का प्रयोग मुख्यतः आदत या स्भावजनित कार्य-व्यापार (habitual actions) का बोध कराने में होता है। जैसे –

      I walk in the morning. (में सुबह में टहलता हूँ।) – आदत /स्वभाव
      The sun rises in the east. (सुर्य पूरब में उगता है।) आदत /स्वभाव
      Milk is sweet. (दूध मीठा होता है।) – स्वभाव

      2. इस Tense का प्रयोग स्थायी या सामान्य कार्य-व्यापार, संबध, अधिकार, निहित गुण इत्यादि का बोध कराने के लिए भी होता है। जैसे –

      Two and two is four. (दो और दो चार होता है।) – स्थायी कार्य-व्यापार

      She is my mother. (वह मेरी माँ है।) – संबंध

      I have a car. (मेरे पास एक कार है।) – अधिकार

      The rose is beautiful. (गुलाब सुंदर होता है।) – निहित गुण

      Note 1. इस Tense से यह स्पष्ट नहीं होता है कि कोई कार्य-व्यापार बोलते समय हो रहा है या नहीं। ऐसे स्पष्टीकरण के लिए Present Progressive Tense का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      I take tea but this time I am taking coffee.
      में चाय पीता हूँ, यानी में चाय पीता करता हूँ -ऐसी मेरी आदत है, परंतु इस समय मैंं काॅफी पी रहा हुँ।

      Note 2. Tense के concept को और अधिक clear करने के लिए इस chapter के अध्ययन के साथ-साथ Tense पर आधारित अनुवाद भी बनाएँ। इसके लिए Oxford Junior English Translation या Oxford Current English Translation देंखे।

      2. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

      इन वाक्यों के देखें –

      I am eating. (मैं खा रहा हूँ।)

      The boy is jumping. (लड़का उछल-कुद रहा है।)

      They are dancing. (वे लोग नाच रहे हैं।)

      Sita is singing. (सीता गा रही है।)

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verb am eating, is jumping, are dancing और is singing का Verb Form am/is /are + Present Participles है। ऐसे Verb Form में प्रयुक्त Verbs को Present Progressive Tense में होना समझा जाता है। इस के वाक्यों मेंSubject + Verb की बनावट होती है –

      Subject+ am/is/are + V-ing.

      Note: हिंदी के वाक्यों में इस की क्रिया के अंत में प्रायः रहा हूँ / रही हूँ रहे हैं/ रही हो रहा है रही हैं रहता है और इसके कोई भुतकालिक समयसुचक शब्द प्रयुक्त नहीं रहता है। अनुवाद के लिए कर्ता के बाद am/are/is दिया जाता है और उसके बाद V + ing उदाहरण के लिए ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें और अनुवाद के लिए सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      सारणी

      Person Subject In Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      First Person
      Second Person
      Third Person
      I am going.
      You are going.
      He/She/It/Ram is going.
      We are going.
      You are going.
      They/They boys are going.

      Present Progressive Tense का प्रयोग-

      1. इस Tense का प्रयोग तात्कालिक वर्तमान (immediate present/now) का बोध कराने का लिए होता है, अर्थात क्रिया वर्तमान समय में बोलते या लिखते वक्त संपन्न हो रही है। जैसे –

      I am reading. (पढ़ने का काम चालू है।)

      He is sleeping. ( सोना जारी है।)

      He is playing in the room. (अभी खेल रहा है।)

      2. इस Tense का प्रयोग ऐसे काम के होने या चालू रहने का भी बोध कराने में होता है जो अभी तत्काल नही हो रहा है (इसी क्षण अर्थात् बोलते समय). पंरतु अभीष्ट समय के आस-पास या इन दिनों हो रहा है। जैसे –

      He is reading mathematics these days.

      वह आजकल गणित पढ़ रहा है – बोलते समय नहीं, पंरतु आजकल – about this time

      3. इस Tense का प्रयोग भविष्य में होनेवाले कार्यक्रम निर्णय पूर्वनिर्धारित योजना तथा कार्य करने के इरादे या संभावना को भी व्यक्त करनें में होता है। जैसे –

      She is coming tomorrow. (वह कल आ रही है।) – पूर्वनिर्धारित योजना
      I am going to buy a car. (मैं एक कार खरीदने जा रहा हूँ।) – भविष्य में कार्य करने का इरादा।

      3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

      इ वाक्यों को देखें –

      I have eaten. (मैं खा चुका हूँ /मैंने खाया है।)

      We have played. (हमलोग खेल चुके हैं /हमलोगों ने खेला है।)

      You have done it. (तुमने इसे किया है / तुम इसे कर चुके हो।)

      The sun has risen. (सूरज उग चुका है / सूरज उग गया है।)

      इन वााक्यों में आए Verbs have eaten, have played, have done और has risen का Verb Form have/has + Past Participles of the Main Verb है। ऐसे Verb Form में प्रयुक्त Verbs को Present Perfect Tense में होना समझा जाता है।

      इस Tense के वाक्यों में Subject + Verb की बनावट होती है –

      Subject + have /has + V3 .

      Note: हिंदी के वाक्यों के अंत में इस Tense की क्रियाओं के अंत में चुका हूँ/चुकी हूँ /चुके हैं /चुके हो /चुका है /चुकी है अथवा या हूँ ई हूँ ए हैं ए हो या है ई है रहता है। अंर्गेजी अनुवाद में Subject के बाद have/has दिया जाता है और उसके बाद क्रिया का Past Participles Form (V3) जब Subject Third Person Singular Number में रहता है, तब has + V3 लगता है। उदहारण के लिए पिछले पृष्ठ पर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें और इस सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      सारणी

      Person Subject in Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      First Person
      Second Person
      Third Person
      I have eaten.
      You have eaten.
      He/She/It/Ram has eaten.
      We have eaten.
      You have eaten.
      They/The boys have eaten.

      Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग –

      इस का प्रयोग मुख्यतः ऐसे कार्य-व्यापार का बोध कराने के लिए होता है जो भूतकाल में समाप्त हो गया, पंरतु उसका प्रभाव या संबध वर्तमान समय से है। जैसे-

      (a) I have eaten. (मैंने खा लिया है।) खाने का काम भूतकाल में समाप्त हो गया, पंरतु उसका प्रभाव अभी भी मोजूद है- पेट भरा हुआ है और खाने की इच्छा नहीं है>

      (b) He has broken his leg. (उसने अपनी टाँग तोड़ ली है। ) टाँग टुटने का काम भुतकाल में समाप्त हो गया, पंरतु उसका प्रभाव अभी भी मौजूद है और उस घटना का संबंध वर्तमान से है – उसकी टाँग अभी भी मौजूद है और अभी भी वह चलने की स्थिति में नहीं है।

      4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

      इन वाक्यों को देखें –

      I have been reading tow hours. (मैं दो घंटों से पढ़ रहा हूँ।)

      She has been sleeping since 9 o’clock. (वह नौ बजे से सो रही है।)

      It has been raining since morning. (सुबह से वर्षा हो रही है।)

      The boys have been playing . (लड़के खेलते रहे हैं।)

      She has been living here for ten years. (वह दस वर्षों से यहाँ रह रही है।)

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verbs, have been reading, has been sleeping, has been raining, have been playing और has been living का Verb Form have been/has been + Present Participle है। ऐसे Verb Form को Present Perfect Continuous Tense में होना समझा जाता है।

      इस Tense के वाक्यों में subject + Verb की बनावट होती है –
      Subject + have been/has been + V-ing.

      Person Subject in Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      1st Person
      2nd Person
      3rd Person
      I have been eating.
      You have been eating.
      He has been eating.
      We have been eating.
      You have been eating.
      They have been eating.

      Note: जब हिंदी क्रियाओं के अंत में रहा हूँ /रही हूँ /रही हैं/ रहे हैं/ रहे हो/ रही हो/ रहा है/ रही है, रहता है और इनके पहले भूतकालिक समयसूचक शब्द (जैसे- एक घंटे से, दो घंटो से, दो वर्षों से, सुबह से 9 बजे से, इत्यादि) रहता है, तब इन क्रियाओं का अनुवाद Present Perfect Continuous Tense में होता है। जब भूतकालिक समयसूचक शब्द का प्रयोग नहीं रहता है, तब क्रिया के अंत में रहा हूँ /ती रही हूँ /ता रहा है/ ती रही है/ ते रहै हैं/ ते रहे हो/ ती रही हो रहता है। उदाहरण के लिए पिछले पृष्ठ पर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें।

      For/Since का प्रयोग –

      कुछ वाक्यों में समयसूचक शब्दों के पहले for/since का प्रयोग होता है।
      For का प्रयोग– जब अवधि (अर्थात् कितनी देर से /कितने समय से) दी रहती है, तब for का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      एक घंटे से for an hour

      चार घंटे से for four days

      बहुत दिनों से for several days

      तीन वर्षों से for three years

      Since के प्रयोग- जब निश्चित समय (किस घंडी/ किस दिन/ किस साल शुरू होने का समय – starting point) दिया रहता है, तब का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      सोमवार से since Monday

      1980 ई. से Since 1980

      9 बजे से since 9 o’clock

      सुबह से since morning

      बचपन से since childhood

      गत साल से since last year

      Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग –

      इस का प्रयोग मुख्यतः उस कार्य-व्यापार को व्यक्त करने के लिए होता है जो भूतकाल में प्रांरम्भ हुआ और अभी भी जारी है। जैसेHe has been living in this town for ten years. (वह दस वर्षों से इस शहर में रह रहा है।) – उसने दस वर्ष पहले रहना शुरू किया और अभी भी रह रहा हैं

      5. SIMPLE PAST TESE

      इन वाक्यों को देखें –

      I was happy. (मैं खुश था।)

      You were sad. (तुम उदास थे।)

      They were leaders. (वे लोग नेता थे।)

      Ram has a horse. (राम के पास एक घोड़ था।)

      You had a cow. (तुम्हारे पास एक गाय थी।)

      I went there. (मैं वहाँ गया /मैं वहाँ गया था।)

      He wrote a letter. (उसने पत्र लिखा उसने पत्र लिखा था।)

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verbs was, were, had, went और wrote के Verb Form पर विचार करने से पता चलता है कि ये सभी Simple Past Form में प्रयुक्त हैं। ऐसे Verb Form में प्रयुक्त Verbs को Simple Past Tense में होना समझा जाता है।

      इस Tense के वाक्यों में Subject + Verb की बनावट होती है –
      Subject + Simple Past Form (V2)

      Note 1. हिंदी के वाक्यों में इस Tense की क्रिया का रुप था/ थी/ थे/ थी या धातु + आ /ई /ए + (था/ थीं/ थे ) होता है। अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के लिए Subject के बाद V2 का प्रयोग किया जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें और इस सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      सारणी

      Person Subject in Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      1st Person
      2nd Person
      3rd Person
      I was/I had/I ate.
      You were/You had/You ate.
      He was/He had/He ate.
      We were/We had/We ate.
      You were/You had/You ate.
      They were/They had/They ate.

      Note 2. जब Verb के रूप में का प्रयोग करना होता है, तब इसके बाद या कोई अन्य उपयुक्त complement (पुरक) देना अनिवार्य हो जाता है। जैसे –

      I was ill. They were teachers. I had a horse.

      Simple Past Tense का प्रयोग-

      1. इस का प्रयोग मुख्यतः ऐसे कार्य-व्यापार के लिए होता है, जो भूतकाल में समाप्त हो गया है। जैसे –

      I met him yesterday. (मैं उससे कल मिला था।)

      He died in 1980. (वे 1980 ई. में मरे।)- कार्य-व्यापार भुतकाल में पूर्णतः समाप्त हो गया है।

      He taught us. (उन्होनें हमलोगों को पढ़ाया।)

      2. इस Tense का प्रयोग Past Tense से संबधित घटनाओं या स्थितियों का वर्णन करनें में भी होता है। जैसे –

      It was 1957. (सन् 1957 था।)
      It was very hot. (बहुत गर्मी थी।) – Past time related situations.

      3. इस का प्रयोग भूतकाल में कोई करने का आदत का बोध कराने में भी होता है। जैसे –

      I used to smoke. (मैं धूम्रपान किया करता था।)
      He always helped me. (वे हमेशा मरी मदद करते थे।) – भूतकाल में काम करने की आदत

      6. PAST PROGERESSIVE TENSE

      इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें –

      I was going to market. (मैं बाजार जा रहा था।)

      She was dancing. (वह नृत्य कर रही थी।)

      Your brothers were sleeping. (आपके भाई लोग सो रहे थे।)

      It was raining. (वर्षा होरही थी।)

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verbs was going, was dancing, were sleeping और was raining के Verb Form पर विचार करने से पता चलता है कि इनका Verb Form was/were + Present Participles है। ऐसे Verb Form में प्रयुक्त Verbs को Past Progressive Tense में होना समझा जा सकता है।

      इस Tense के वाक्यों में Subject + Verb की बनावट होती है-
      Subject + was/were +V-ing.

      Note: हिंदी के वाक्यों में इस की क्रिया के अंत में रहा था/ रही थी /रहे थे /रही थी/ रहता है तथा वाक्यों के अंग्रेजी अनुवाद में के बाद आता है और उसके बाद क्रिया का उदाहरण के लिए दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें। कहाँ और का प्रयोग होगा, यह इस तालिका से स्पष्ट है।

      सारणी

      Person Subject in Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      1st Person
      2nd Person
      3rd Person
      I shall eat.
      You will eat.
      He/She/It/Ram will eat.
      We shall eat.
      You will eat.
      They/They boys will eat.

      Simple Future Tense का प्रयोग-

      1. Simple Future Tense का प्रयोग ऐसे कार्य-व्यापार के लिए होता है, जो भविष्य में सामान्य रुप से होगा। जैसे –

      I shall go to Patna tomorrow. (मैं कल पटना जाऊँगा ।)
      I shall appear at the examination next year. (मैं अगले साल परीक्षा दूँगा।)

      2. इस Tense का प्रयोग इच्छा (will), संकल्प (determination), चेतावनी (threat/command), इरादा (intention), इत्यादि का बोध कराने के लिए भी होता है। जैसे –

      I will serve the nation. (मैं देश द की सेवा करूँगा।)

      I will never tell a lie. (मैं कभी झूठ नहीं बोलूँगा।)

      You shall not cheat her again. (तुम उसे दोबारा नहीं ठगोगे।)

      You shall come in time. (तुम समय पर आओगे।)

      10. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE

      इन वाक्यों के देखे-

      I shall be playing. (मैं खेलता रहूगाँ।)

      We shall be dancing. (हमलोग नाचते रहेंगे।)

      She will be waiting. (वह इंतजार करती रहेगी।)

      They will be teaching. (वे लोग पढ़ाते रहेंगे।)

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verb shall be playing, shall be dancing, will be waiting और will be teaching के Verb Form पर विचार करने से पता चलता है कि इनका Verb Form shall/will + be + Present Participle है। ऐसे Verb Form में प्रयुक्त Verb Form में प्रयुक्त को में होना समझा जाता है।

      इस Tense के वाक्यों में Subject + Verb की बनावट होती है –
      Subject + shall/will + be + V+-ing

      Note: हिंदी के वाक्यों में इस Tense की क्रिया के अंत में रहूँगा ते रहेंगे ता रहेगा ते रहेगी रहता है। अग्रेंजी अनुवाद के subject लिए के बाद shall be/will be प्रयुक्त होता है और इसके बाद Main Verb का v-ing form उदाहरण के लिए ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें और आगे दी गई सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      सारणी

      Person Subject in Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      1st Person
      2nd Person
      3rd Person
      I shall be eating.
      You will be eating.
      He will be eating.
      We shall be eating.
      You will be eating.
      They will be eating.

      Future Progressive Tense का प्रयोग –

      इस Tense का प्रयोग ऐसे कार्य-व्यापार का बोध कराने के लिए होता है, जो भविष्य में किसी खास वक्त पर होता रहेगा। जैसे –

      He will be sleeping then. (तब वह सोता रहेगा।)
      I shall be staying there. (मैं वहाँ रूका हुआ रहूँगा।)

      11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verbs shall have played, will have finished, will have danced और will have cut के Verb Form पर विचार करनें से पता चलता है कि इनका है Verb Form shall/will + have +V3 है। ऐसे Verb form में प्रयुक्त Verb को Future Perfect Tense में होना समझा जाता है।

      इस Tense के वाक्यों में Subject + Verb की बनावट होती है-
      Subject +shall/will + have + V3

      Note: हिंदी के वाक्यों में इस Tense की क्रियाओं के अंत में प्रायः चुकूँगा /चुकेंगे/ चुकेगा /चुका रहेगी /रहता है। ऐसे वाक्यों के अनुवाद में Subject के बाद shall/will + have + past Participle of the verb का प्रयोग होता है। उदाहरण के लिए ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें और इस सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      सारणी

      Person Subject in Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      1st Person
      2nd Person
      3rd Person
      I shall have eaten.
      You will have eaten.
      He will have eaten.
      We shall have eaten.
      You will have eaten.
      They will have eaten.

      Future Perfect Tense का प्रयोग –

      इस Tense का प्रयोग ऐसे कार्य-व्यापार के लिए होता है, जो भविष्य में किसी निर्धारित समय तक समाप्त हो चुका रहेगा।

      (a) I shall have finished the job by that time.
      (मैे उस समय तक काम समाप्त कर चुकूँगा।)
      (b) He will have come by ten o’clock.
      (वह दस बजे तक आ चुकेगा।)
      (c) The patient will have died before the doctor comes.
      (डाॅक्टर के आने के पहले रोगी मर चुकेगा।)

      Note: ध्यान दें कि शर्तवाले उपवाक्य में Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग हुआ है।

      12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

      इन वाक्यों को देखें –

      (a) I shall have been playing from morning.
      (मैं सुबह से खेलता रहूँगा।)
      (b) We shall have ben working form 2022.
      (हमलोग 2022 ई. से काम करते रहेंगे।)
      (c) She will have been waiting for five years.
      (वह पाँच वर्षों से इंतजार करती रहेगी।)
      (d) The boys will have been reading for an hour.
      (लड़के एक घंटे से पढ़ते रहेंगे।)
      (e) She will have been swimming.
      (वह तैरती हुई रहेगी।)

      इन वाक्यों में आए Verbs shall have been playing, shall have ben working, will have been waiting, will have been reading और will have been swimming के Verb Form पर विचार करने से पता चलता है कि इनका Verb Form shall/will +have been + present participle है। ऐसे Verb Form को Future Perfect Continuous Tense में होना समझा जाता है।
      इस Tense के वाक्यों में Subject + Verb की बनावट होती है –

      Subject + shall/will + have been + V-ing.

      Note: हिंदी के वाक्यों में इस Tense की क्रियाओं के अंत में ता रहूँगा/ ती रहूँगी/ ता रहेगा /ती रहेगी /ते रहोगे रहता है और क्रियाओं के पहले Period of Time/Point of Time रहता है। जब क्रियाओं के पहले Period of Time/Point of Time नही रहता है, तब क्रियाओं के अंत में ता हुआ रहूँगा/ती हुई रहुँगी/ते हुए रहेंगे/ते रहोगे /ती हुई रहोगी रहता है। ऐसे वाक्यों के अंग्रेजी अनुवाद के लिए Subject के बाद shall have been/will have been दिया जाता है और इसके बाद Main Verb का Present Participle Form उदाहरण के लिए पिछले पृष्ठ पर दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें और अनुवाद के लिए इस सारणी को ध्यान में रखें।

      सारणी

      Person Subject in Singular Number Subject in Plural Number
      1st Person
      2nd Person
      3rd Person
      I shall have

      Note: Since का प्रयोग Future Tense के साथ नहीं होता है। इसके बदले from या कोई अन्य उपयुक्त prepositions का प्रयोग होता है।

      Future Perfect Continuous Tense का प्रयोग –

      भविष्य में कुछ समय पूर्व से या किसी निर्धारित समय से या कुछ समय तक लगातार किसी कार्य-व्यापार के जारी रहने का बोध कराने के लिए इस Tense का प्रयोग होता है।

      (a) By the end of this year I shall have been living here for five years.
      (b) I shall have been working from morning.
      (c) They will have been playing for ten days.

      SOME SPECIAL NOTES ON THE TENSE

      1. अब आप सभी Tenses के Verb Forms को एक साथ इस तालिका में देखें तथा विभिन्न Tenses में इनके रुप-परिर्वतन को ध्यान में रखें।

      Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense
      Simple am/is/are/have/has/go/goeswas/were/had
      went
      shall/will be
      shall/will have
      shall/will go
      Progressive am/is/are goingwas/were going shall/will be going
      Perfect have/has gone had gone shall/will have gone
      Perfect Continuous have/has been goinghad been going being having eating

      2. Verb ‘to be’, Verb ‘to have’ और ‘to eat’ Verb Forms –

      Infinitive
      without to
      Simple
      Present
      Simple
      Past
      Past
      Participle
      Present
      Participle
      be
      have
      eat
      am/is/are
      have/has
      eat/eats
      was/were
      had
      ate
      been
      had
      eaten
      being
      having
      eating

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Rewrite each of the following sentences in eleven ways changing the verb form into other tenses.

      Examples:

      (a) He is eating a mango.

      Ans:

      He eats a mango.

      He has eaten a mango.

      He has been eating a mango.

      He ate a mango.

      He was eating a mango.

      He had eaten a mango.

      He had been eating a mango.

      He will eat a mango.

      He will have eaten a mango.

      He will have been eating a mango.

      1. I write a letter.

      2. He has been working.

      3. She was plating.

      4. My father will teach me.

      5. It will have been raining.

      6. He and I do.

      Answers:

      1. I write a letter.

      I am writing a letter.

      I have written a letter.

      I have been writing a letter.

      I wrote a letter.

      I was writing a letter.

      I had written a letter.

      I had been writing a letter.

      I will write a letter.

      I will be writing a letter.

      I will have written a letter.

      I will have been writing a letter.

      2. He has been working.

      He works.

      He is working.

      He has worked.

      He worked.

      He was working.

      He had worked.

      He had been working.

      He will work.

      He will be working.

      He will have worked.

      He will have been working.

      3. She was playing.

      She plays.

      She is playing.

      She has played.

      She has been playing.

      She played.

      She had played.

      She had been playing.

      She will play.

      She will be playing.

      She will have played.

      She will have been playing.

      4. My father will teach me.

      My father teaches me.

      My father is teaching me.

      My father has taught me.

      My father has been teaching me.

      My father taught me.

      My father was teaching me.

      My father had taught me.

      My father had been teaching me.

      My father will be teaching me.

      My father will have taught me.

      My father will have been teaching me.

      5. It will have been raining.

      It rains.

      It is raining.

      It has rained.

      It has been raining.

      It rained.

      It was raining.

      It had rained.

      It had been raining.

      It will rain.

      It will be raining.

      It will have rained.

      6. He and I do.

      He and I are doing.

      He and I have done.

      He and I have been doing.

      He and I did.

      He and I were doing.

      He and I had done.

      He and I had been doing.

      He and I will do.

      He and I will be doing.

      He and I will have done.

      He and I will have been doing.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Rewrite the following sentences using the correct verb form in the light of the hints given in the brackets.

      Examples:
      (a) I (read) a book.
      Ans. – I am reading a book. [Present Progressive]

      (b) He (sleep) then.
      Ans. – He will be sleeping then. [Future Progressive]

      (c) They (play) for two hours.
      Ans. – They have been playing for two hours. [Present Perfect Continuous]

      1. He (eat) school. [Simple Present]

      2. I (go) to school. [Present Progressive]

      3. She (play). [Present Perfect]

      4. It (rain) for an hour. [Present Perfect Continuous]

      5. He (write) a letter. [Simple Past]

      6. The boys (sing). [Past Progressive]

      7. The children (sleep). [Past Perfect]

      8. We (work) since morning. [Past Perfect Continuous]

      9. I (help) you. [Simple Future]

      10. You (wait) for her. [Future Progressive]

      11. Ram (learn) the lesson by then. [Future Perfect]

      12. The farmers (plough) the field. [Future Perfect Continuous]

      13. The cat (drink) milk. [Simple Present]

      14. Cats (drink) milk. [Simple Present]

      15. Ram and Shyam (jump). [Present Progressive]

      16. My mother (come). [Present Progressive]

      17. They (sell) their car. [Simple Past]

      18. He (come) soon. [Simple Future]

      19. Sita (sing) since 10 o’clock. [Present Perfect Continuous]

      20. She (buy) a frock tomorrow. [Simple Future]

      21. They (quarrel). [Past Progressive]

      22. She (post) the letter. [Simple Past]

      23. I (learn) English for three years. [Past Perfect Continuous]

      24. The poor man (beg). [Future Progressive]

      25. The train (start) before I reached the station. [Past Perfect]

      26. They (live) for ten years. [Future Perfect Continuous]

      27. The patient (die) before the doctor comes. [Future Perfect]

      28. They (fight) for years. [Past Perfect Continuous]

      29. It (rain). [Past Progressive]

      30. I (meet) him yesterday. [Simple Past]

      Answers:

      1. He (eat) school. [Simple Present]

      He eats at school.

      2. I (go) to school. [Present Progressive]

      I am going to school.

      3. She (play). [Present Perfect]

      She has played.

      4. It (rain) for an hour. [Present Perfect Continuous]

      It has been raining for an hour.

      5. He (write) a letter. [Simple Past]

      He wrote a letter.

      6. The boys (sing). [Past Progressive]

      The boys were singing.

      7. The children (sleep). [Past Perfect]

      The children had slept.

      8. We (work) since morning. [Past Perfect Continuous]

      We had been working since morning.

      9. I (help) you. [Simple Future]

      I will help you.

      10. You (wait) for her. [Future Progressive]

      You will be waiting for her.

      11. Ram (learn) the lesson by then. [Future Perfect]

      Ram will have learned the lesson by then.

      12. The farmers (plough) the field. [Future Perfect Continuous]

      The farmers will have been ploughing the field.

      13. The cat (drink) milk. [Simple Present]

      The cat drinks milk.

      14. Cats (drink) milk. [Simple Present]

      Cats drink milk.

      15. Ram and Shyam (jump). [Present Progressive]

      Ram and Shyam are jumping.

      16. My mother (come). [Present Progressive]

      My mother is coming.

      17. They (sell) their car. [Simple Past]

      They sold their car.

      18. He (come) soon. [Simple Future]

      He will come soon.

      19. Sita (sing) since 10 o’clock. [Present Perfect Continuous]

      Sita has been singing since 10 o’clock.

      20. She (buy) a frock tomorrow. [Simple Future]

      She will buy a frock tomorrow.

      21. They (quarrel). [Past Progressive]

      They were quarrelling.

      22. She (post) the letter. [Simple Past]

      She posted the letter.

      23. I (learn) English for three years. [Past Perfect Continuous]

      I had been learning English for three years.

      24. The poor man (beg). [Future Progressive]

      The poor man will be begging.

      25. The train (start) before I reached the station. [Past Perfect]

      The train had started before I reached the station.

      26. They (live) for ten years. [Future Perfect Continuous]

      They will have been living for ten years.

      27. The patient (die) before the doctor comes. [Future Perfect]

      The patient will have died before the doctor comes.

      28. They (fight) for years. [Past Perfect Continuous]

      They had been fighting for years.

      29. It (rain). [Past Progressive]

      It was raining.

      30. I (meet) him yesterday. [Simple Past]

      I met him yesterday.

      Examples:

      (a) I (be) a good boy. [Simple Present]
      Ans. – I am a good boy.

      (b) They (be) farmers. [Simple Present]
      Ans. – They are farmers.

      (c) The girl (be) very beautiful. [Simple Past]
      Ans – The girl was very beautiful.

      (d) My son (be) a doctor. [Simple Future]

      (e) She (have) a car. [Simple Present]
      Ans – She has a car.

      (f) She (have) a good pen. [Simple Past]
      Ans. She had a good pen.

      (g) I (have) money. [Simple Past]
      Ans. – I shall have money.

      (h) I (be) ill. [Present Perfect]
      Ans. – I have been ill.

      (i) I (be) late. [Present Progressive]
      Ans. I am being late.

      (j) I (be) twenty next month. [Simple Future]
      Ans – I shall be twenty next month.

      (k) She (see) me yesterday.
      Ans. – She saw me yesterday.

      1. I (be) ready. [Simple Present]

      2. You (be) a poor man. [Simple Present]

      3. He (be) my father. [Simple Present]

      4. Milk (be) sweet. [Simple Present]

      5. The boys (be) late. [Simple Past]

      6. She (be) innocent. [Simple Past]

      7. We (be) present there. [Simple Future]

      8. She (be) a nurse. [Simple Future]

      9. He (be) always ready. [Simple Perfect]

      10. I (be) ill for ten days. [Simple Perfect]

      11. Two and two (be) four. [Simple Present]

      12. I (be) ready. [Present Progressive]

      13. The cow (have) two eyes. [Simple Present]

      14. I (have) many friends. [Simple Present]

      15. She (have) a golden ring. [Simple Present]

      16. I (have) a ball. [Simple Past]

      17. They (have) money. [Simple Past]

      18. She (have) peace. [Simple Future]

      19. My son (have) a bicycle. [Simple Future]

      20. We (have) some bread. [Simple Past]

      21. I (see) him yesterday. [Simple Past]

      22. She (go) to school everyday. [Simple Present]

      23. He (be) ill since Friday. [Present Perfect]

      24. He (read) a novel. [Present Progressive]

      25. She (teach) us for years. [Present Perfect Continuous]

      26. My father (come) tomorrow. [Simple Future]

      27. The patient (die) before the doctor came. [Past Perfect]

      28. Oil (float) on water. [Simple Present]

      29. My father (be) seventy next month. [Simple Present]

      30. He (write) a letter now. [Present Progressive]

      Answers:

      I (be) ready. [Simple Present]
      I am ready.

      2. You (be) a poor man. [Simple Present]
      You are a poor man.

      3. He (be) my father. [Simple Present]
      He is my father.

      4. Milk (be) sweet. [Simple Present]
      Milk is sweet.

      5. The boys (be) late. [Simple Past]
      The boys were late.

      6. She (be) innocent. [Simple Past]
      She was innocent.

      7. We (be) present there. [Simple Future]
      We shall be present there.

      8. She (be) a nurse. [Simple Future]
      She will be a nurse.

      9. He (be) always ready. [Present Perfect]
      He has always been ready.

      10. I (be) ill for ten days. [Present Perfect]
      I have been ill for ten days.

      11. Two and two (be) four. [Simple Present]
      Two and two are four.

      12. I (be) ready. [Present Progressive]
      I am being ready.

      13. The cow (have) two eyes. [Simple Present]
      The cow has two eyes.

      14. I (have) many friends. [Simple Present]
      I have many friends.

      15. She (have) a golden ring. [Simple Present]
      She has a golden ring.

      16. I (have) a ball. [Simple Past]
      I had a ball.

      17. They (have) money. [Simple Past]
      They had money.

      18. She (have) peace. [Simple Future]
      She will have peace.

      19. My son (have) a bicycle. [Simple Future]
      My son will have a bicycle.

      20. We (have) some bread. [Simple Past]
      We had some bread.

      21. I (see) him yesterday. [Simple Past]
      I saw him yesterday.

      22. She (go) to school every day. [Simple Present]
      She goes to school every day.

      23. He (be) ill since Friday. [Present Perfect]
      He has been ill since Friday.

      24. He (read) a novel. [Present Progressive]
      He is reading a novel.

      25. She (teach) us for years. [Present Perfect Continuous]
      She has been teaching us for years.

      26. My father (come) tomorrow. [Simple Future]
      My father will come tomorrow.

      27. The patient (die) before the doctor came. [Past Perfect]
      The patient had died before the doctor came.

      28. Oil (float) on water. [Simple Present]
      Oil floats on water.

      29. My father (be) seventy next month. [Simple Future]
      My father will be seventy next month.

      30. He (write) a letter now. [Present Progressive]
      He is writing a letter now.

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Use the correct verb form in the following sentences, chosen from the ones given in the brackets.

      Examples:
      (a) The sun ……. in the east. (is, rising, rises)

      (b) I ……. to school everyday. (go, am, going)

      (c) He come yesterday. (came, has came)

      (d) My father ………… tomorrow. (comes, will come)

      (e) It ………. for two hours. (is raining, has been raining) .

      Answers:

      (a) The sun rises in the east.

      (b) I go to school everyday.

      (c) He came yesterday.

      (d) My father will come tomorrow.

      (e) It has been raining for two hours.

      1. Cats ………… milk. [are liking; like]

      2. I …………. my country. [love, am, loving]

      3. He ……… to school everyday. [is going, goes]

      4. I ………. him last year. [meet, met]

      5. We ……… this film yesterday. [saw, have, seen]

      6. He ……….. here for ten years. [is living, has been living]

      7. I always ……… by bus. [go, went]

      8. She ……… a poem now. [is reading, read]

      9. He ……….. home yesterday. [went, had gone]

      10. The earth ………. round the sun. [moves, is moving]

      11. The baby …… because it is hungry now. [cries, is crying]

      12. Mohan …………. tomorrow. [will come, comes]

      13. He ……….. for two hours. [is sleeping, had been sleeping]

      14. She ……….. to them. [was coming, were coming]

      15. The patient ………… before the doctor came. [died, had died]

      16. On Sundays, I ……….. to temple. [am going, go]

      17. He ……….. all the mangoes. [has eaten, eats]

      18. I ………… good books. [love, am loving]

      19. He ……… me a pen yesterday. [gave. gives]

      20. I ……. ill for a month. [am, have been]

      21. He ……….. school before the bell rang. [had reached, reached]

      22. My brother ………. today from Patna. [comes, is coming]

      23. He ………. a doctor. [will, will be]

      24. The dog ………. at me. [barks, ,barked]

      25. They …… to kashmir last year. [will go, went]

      Answers:
      1. Cats like milk. [are liking; like]

      2. I love my country. [love, am loving]

      3. He goes to school every day. [is going, goes]

      4. I met him last year. [meet, met]

      5. We saw this film yesterday. [saw, have seen]

      6. He has been living here for ten years. [is living, has been living]

      7. I always go by bus. [go, went]

      8. She is reading a poem now. [is reading, read]

      9. He went home yesterday. [went, had gone]

      10. The earth moves round the sun. [moves, is moving]

      11. The baby is crying because it is hungry now. [cries, is crying]

      12. Mohan will come tomorrow. [will come, comes]

      13. He had been sleeping for two hours. [is sleeping, had been sleeping]

      14. She was coming to them. [was coming, were coming]

      15. The patient had died before the doctor came. [died, had died]

      16. On Sundays, I go to the temple. [am going, go]

      17. He has eaten all the mangoes. [has eaten, eats]

      18. I love good books. [love, am loving]

      19. He gave me a pen yesterday. [gave, gives]

      20. I have been ill for a month. [am, have been]

      21. He had reached school before the bell rang. [had reached, reached]

      22. My brother is coming today from Patna. [comes, is coming]

      23. He will be a doctor. [will, will be]

      24. The dog barks at me. [barks, barked]

      25. . They went to Kashmir last year. [will go, went]

    7. Verbs forms in Hindi

      अधिकांश Verbs के पाँच रुप होते हैं –

      1. V1 Verb का Present Tense Form

      जैसे – go, eat, run, laugh, dance, etc.

      2. V2 Verb का Past Tense Form

      जैसे – went, ate, ran, laughed, etc.

      3. V3 Verb का Past Participles Form

      जैसे – gone, eaten, laughed, broken, etc.

      4. V4 Verb का Present Participle Form

      जैसे – Going, eating, laughing, breaking, etc.

      5. V5 Verb का – s form

      जैसे – eats, runs, laughs, goes, does, etc.

      कुछ Verbs के पाँचों रुपों को देखें –

      V1

      go

      eat

      run

      sleep

      cut

      V2

      went

      ate

      ran

      slept

      cut

      V3

      gone

      eaten

      slept

      cut

      V4

      going

      eating

      running

      sleeping

      cutting

      V5

      goes

      eats

      runs

      sleeping

      cuts

      1. इन पाँचों रुपों को ध्यान से देखने पर चलता है कि Verb का मूल रुप V1है। उसमें – ing जोड़ने से V4 और -s/es जोड़ने से V5 प्राप्त होता है। जैसे –

      V1

      go

      eat

      laugh

      run

      cut

      V2

      going

      eating

      laughing

      running

      cutting

      V5

      goes

      eats

      laughs

      runs

      cuts

      2. अधिकांश Verbs ऐसे होते हैं जिनके V2 और V3 का निर्माण V1 में d/ed suffix जोड़कर किया जाता है। इनके V2 और V3 same होते है। जैसे –

      V1

      laugh

      work

      help

      walk

      play

      V2

      laughed

      worked

      helped

      walked

      played

      V3

      laughed

      worked

      helped

      walked

      played

      3. कुछ Verbs ऐसे हैं जिनके V2 और V3 same होते हैं। जैसे –

      V1

      buy

      bring

      make

      sell

      play

      V2

      bought

      brought

      made

      sold

      played

      V3

      bought

      brought

      made

      sold

      played

      4. कुछ ऐसे हैं जिनके V1, V2 और V3 same होते हैं। जैसे – cut, put, shut, spread, set, cost, hurt, hit, burst, etc.

      V1

      cut

      put

      shut

      cost

      hurt

      V2

      cut

      put

      shut

      cost

      hurt

      V3

      cut

      put

      shut

      cost

      hurt

      5. कुछ Verbs ऐसे हैं जिनके V2 और V3 भिन्न होते हैं। V2 और V3 forms को याद रखना पड़ता है। जैसे –

      V1

      eat

      go

      take

      write

      know

      V2

      ate

      went

      took

      wrote

      knew

      V3

      eaten

      gone

      taken

      written

      known

      अब हम यहाँ कुछ महत्वपूर्ण Verbs के V1,V2 और V3 ध्यान दे रहे हैं जिन्हें आप हमेशा याद रखें। बिना याद किए आपका काम नहीं चलेगा।

      Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle
      (v1) (v2) (v3)
      arise (उठना, जगना) arose arisen
      abuse (गाली देना) abused abused
      answer (उत्तर देना) answered answered
      ask (पुछना) asked asked
      arrive (पहुँचना) arrived arrived
      advise (सलाह देना) advised advised
      be (होना) was been
      beat (पीटना) beat beaten
      become (होना) became become
      begin (शुरु करना) began begun
      bite (दाँत से काटना) bit bitten
      break (तोड़ना) broke broken
      burn (जलना, जालाना) burnt burnt
      blow (बहना) blew blown
      buy (खरीदना) bought bought
      build (बनाना) built built
      bring (लाना) brought brought
      bind (बाँधना) bound bound
      beg (भीख माँगना) begged begged
      bless (आर्शीवाद देना) blessed blessed
      call (पुकारना) called called
      come (आना) came come
      climb (चढ़ना) climbed climbed
      catch (पकड़ना) caught caught
      cut (काटना) cut cut
      close (बंद करना) closed closed
      cry (चिल्लाना) cried cried
      cook (पकाना) cooked cooked
      clean (साफ करना) cleaned cleaned
      choose (चुनना) chose chose
      carry (ढ़ोना) carried carried
      creep (रेंगना) crept crept
      deal (बर्ताव करना) dealt dealt
      dig (खोदना) dug dug
      do (करना) did done
      draw (खींचना) drank drunk
      drive (चलाना) drove driven
      die (मरना) died died
      dream (स्वपन देखना) dreamt dreamt
      dry (सुखाना) dried dried
      drop (गिराना) dropped dropped
      eat (खाना) ate eaten
      enter (प्रवेश करना) entered entered
      elect (चुनना) elected elected
      fall (गिरना) fell fallen
      feed (खिलाना) fed fed
      fight (लड़ना) fought fought
      find (पाना) found found
      fly (उड़ना, उड़ाना) flew flown
      forget (भुलना) forgot forgotten
      fry (तलना) fried fried
      feel (महसूस) felt felt
      get (पाना) got got
      give (देना) gave given
      go (जाना) went gone
      grow (उपजना, उपाजाना) grew grown
      hang (लटकाना) hung hung
      hang (फाँसी देना) hanged hanged
      hear (सुनना) heard heard
      help (सहायता) helped helped
      hide (छिपाना) hid hidden
      have (रखना) had had
      hit (चोट करना) hit hit
      hold (पकड़ना) held held
      hurt (चोट पहुँचाना) hurt hurt
      hope (आशा करना) hoped hoped
      jump (कुदना) jumped jumped
      keep (जारी रखना) kept kept
      know (जानना) knew known
      live (रहना) lived lived
      learn (सिखना) learnt learnt
      leave (छोड़ना) left left
      look (देखना) looked looked
      love (प्यार करना) loved loved
      lose (खोना) lost lost
      lend (उधार लेना) lent lent
      lead (नेतृत्व करना) led led
      leap (कूदना) leapt leapt
      make (बनाना) made made
      meet (मिलना) met met
      marry (शादी करना) married married
      mistake (गलती करना) mistook mistaken
      open (खोलना) opened opened
      play (खेलना) played played
      put (रखना) paid paid
      quarrel (झगड़ना) quarrelled quarrelled
      read (पढ़ना) read read
      ride (चढ़ना) rode rode
      ring (बजाना, बजना) rang rang
      rise (उठना, उगना) rose risen
      see (देखना) saw seen
      say (कहना) said said
      sell (बेचना) sold sold
      send (भेजना) sent sent
      show (दिखाना) showed shown
      study (अध्ययन करना) studied studied
      set (ठीक करना) set set
      shake (हिलाना) shook shaken
      shine (चमकना) shone shone
      shoot (गोली मरना) shot shot
      shut (बंद करना) shut shut
      sing (गाना गाना) sang sung
      sink (डूबना) sank sunk
      sleep (सोना) slept slept
      smell (सूघँना) smelt smelt
      speak (बोलना) spoke spoken
      spend (बिताना) spent spent
      spoil (बर्बाद करना) spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled
      stand (खड़ा होना) stood stood
      steal (चुराना) stole stole
      swim (तैरना) swam swum
      take (लेना) took taken
      teach (पढ़ाना) taught taught
      tear (फाड़ना) tore torn
      tell (कहना) told told
      think (सोचना) thought thought
      throw (फेंकना) threw thrown
      talk (बात करना) talked talked
      thank (धन्यवाद करना) thanked thanked
      use (प्रयोग करना) used used
      understand (समझना) understood understood
      work (काम करना) worked worked
      want (चहाना) wanted wanted
      wear (पहनना) wore worn
      weep (रोना) wept wept
      win (जितना) won won
      write (लिखना) write write
      wash (धोना) washed washed

      EXERCISE

      Direction: Write down the V1, V2, V3 ,V4 and V5 forms of the following verbs-

      ask, beat, break, buy, come, do, fall, feel, grow, hope, learn, put, burst, read, see, sell, set, hit, open, stand.

      Answers:

      1. Ask

      V1: ask
      V2: asked
      V3: asked
      V4: asking
      V5: asks

      2. Beat

      V1: beat
      V2: beat
      V3: beaten
      V4: beating
      V5: beats

      3. Break

      V1: break
      V2: broke
      V3: broken
      V4: breaking
      V5: breaks

      4. Buy

      V1: buy
      V2: bought
      V3: bought
      V4: buying
      V5: buys

      5. Come

      V1: come
      V2: came
      V3: come
      V4: coming
      V5: comes

      6. Do

      V1: do
      V2: did
      V3: done
      V4: doing
      V5: does

      7. Fall

      V1: fall
      V2: fell
      V3: fallen
      V4: falling
      V5: falls

      8. Feel

      V1: feel
      V2: felt
      V3: felt
      V4: feeling
      V5: feels

      9. Grow

      V1: grow
      V2: grew
      V3: grown
      V4: growing
      V5: grows

      10. Hope

      V1: hope
      V2: hoped
      V3: hoped
      V4: hoping
      V5: hopes

      11. Learn

      V1: learn
      V2: learned / learnt
      V3: learned / learnt
      V4: learning
      V5: learns

      12. Put

      V1: put
      V2: put
      V3: put
      V4: putting
      V5: puts

      13. Burst

      V1: burst
      V2: burst
      V3: burst
      V4: bursting
      V5: bursts

      14. Read

      V1: read
      V2: read
      V3: read
      V4: reading
      V5: reads

      15. See

      V1: see
      V2: saw
      V3: seen
      V4: seeing
      V5: sees

      16. Sell

      V1: sell
      V2: sold
      V3: sold
      V4: selling
      V5: sells

      17. Set

      V1: set
      V2: set
      V3: set
      V4: setting
      V5: sets

      18. Hit

      V1: hit
      V2: hit
      V3: hit
      V4: hitting
      V5: hits

      19. Open

      V1: open
      V2: opened
      V3: opened
      V4: opening
      V5: opens

      20. Stand

      V1: stand
      V2: stood
      V3: stood
      V4: standing
      V5: stands

    8. Articles English Grammar in Hindi

      A, An और The को Articles कहते हैं। A/An को Indefinite Articles तथा Definite Articles कहते हैं।

      USE OF A/AN

      1. (a) A/An का प्रयोग Singular Countable Noun ( अर्थात् Common Noun और Collective Noun) के पहले होता हैं।

      This is a box.
      Ram is a student.
      A dog is an animal.
      A team of players is passing.

      (b) अगर Noun Plural Number में हो , तो A/An का प्रयोग नहीं होगा। जैसे-

      These are boxes.
      Dogs are animals.
      They are doctors.

      (c) अगर Noun Uncountable हो, तो A/An का प्रयोग नहीं होगा। जैसे –

      This is Ram.
      This is water.

      (b) अगर Noun के पहले हो, तो A/An का प्रयोग नहीं होगा। जैसे-

      She is very honest.
      My mother is kind.

      2. अगर Noun के पहले Adjective हो, तो Article का प्रयोग Adjective के पहले होगा। अगर Noun के पहले Adjective और Adjective के पहले Adverb हो, तो Articles का प्रयोग Adverb के पहले होगा। जैसे –

      This is a cat.

      This is a black cat.

      This is a very black cat.

      3. A/An का प्रयोग अपने ठीक बाद आनेवाले शब्द के उच्चारण के अनुसार होगा। जैसे-

      Sita is a girl.

      Sita is an ideal girl.

      Sita is a good girl.

      Sita is an extremely beautiful girl.

      Sita is a very good girl.

      A और An के प्रयोग में अंतर –

      जिस शब्द के पहले Indefinite Article (A/An) का प्रयोग करना हो यदि वह स्वर-ध्वनि (vowel sound) से प्रांरभ हो तो an का प्रयोग होगा। यदि वह शब्द व्यंजन-ध्वनि (consonant sound) से प्रांरभ हो, तो a का प्रयोग होगा। यहाँ ध्यान देनेवाली बात यह है कि a/an का प्रयोग अभीष्ट शब्द के उच्चारण पर निर्भर करता है, उसके spelling पर नहीं।

      अंत A/An का प्रयोग करने से पहले आप देंखें कि अभीष्ट शब्द का उच्चारण vowel sound से शुरु हो रहा है कि consonant sound से। कोई शब्द vowel sound से शुरु हो रहा है या consonant sound से, इसे निश्चित रुप से जानने के लिए एक सरल नियम है। जिस शब्द के पहले a/an का प्रयोग करना हो,उसके उच्चारण को हिंदी में लिखें। यदि उसका पहला अक्षर हिंदी में व्यजंन हो, तो उसके पहले a प्रयोग करें। यदि उसका पहला अक्षर हिंदी में स्वर हो, तो an प्रयोग करें।

      हिंदी में स्वर – अ आ इ ई ………
      हिंदी में व्यंजन – क ख ग घ ……

      a cat (कैट) यहाँ पहला अक्षर ‘क’ है, जो व्यजंन है।
      an ant (ऐन्ट) यहाँ पहला अक्षर ‘ऐ’ है, जो व्यजंन है।
      an honest man (‍ˈऑनिस्‍ट्‌) यहाँ पहला अक्षर ‘औ’ है, जो व्यजंन है।
      an M.A (एम. ए.) ‍यहाँ पहला अक्षर ‘ए’ है, जो व्यजंन है।
      a European (युरोपियन) यहाँ पहला अक्षर ‘य’ है, जो व्यजंन है।

      इसी प्रकार निम्नलिखित शब्दों के साथ a/an के प्रयोग को ध्यान से देखकर समझें।

      a university (यूनिवर्सिटी) व्यंजन- ध्वनि – य

      an hour (आवर) स्वर-ध्वनि – आ

      a one-eyed man (वन) व्यंजन- ध्वनि – व

      an S.D.O (एस.) स्वर- ध्वनि – ए

      USE OF THE

      1. (a) पूरी जाति का बोध कराने के लिए Singular Common Noun के पहले का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      The cow gives milk. (गाय दूध देती है)

      The cow is an animal. (गाय एक जानवर है।)

      The horse is useful. (घोड़ा उपयोगी होता है)

      (b) परंतु पूरी जाति का बोध कराने के लिए Plural Common Noun के पहले The का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे –

      Cows give milk. (गायें दूध देती है।)

      Cows are animals. (गायें जानवर हैं।)

      Horses are useful. (घोड़े उपयोगी होते है)

      (c) सामान्य अर्थ में Proper Noun और Uncountable Noun के पहले The का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे-

      Ram is a boy. (राम एक लड़का है।)

      Milk is useful. (दूध लाभदायक होता है।)

      Gold is yellow. (सोना पीला होता है।)

      2. The का प्रयोग उस Noun के पहले होगा जो खास/निश्चित/पूर्व-परिचित हो, वक्ता और श्रोता पहले से जानते हों। इस स्थिति में Noun हो या Plural, Countable हो या Uncountable, the का प्रयोग होगा। जैसे –

      (a) घोड़े अच्छे हैं। – The horses are good.

      (यहाँ कुछ खास/निश्चित घोड़ों की चर्चा है, अतः Plural Noun के पहले the प्रयुक्त हुआ है जो सही है।)

      (b) पानी गंदा हैं। – The water was dirty.

      (यहाँ खास/निश्चित/पूर्वपरिचित पानी की चर्चा अतः uncountable Noun के पहले the प्रयुक्त हुआ है जो सही है।)

      (c) कलम लाल है। – The Pen is red.

      (कोई खास/निश्चित कलम का चर्चा है, अतः pen के पहले the प्रयुक्त हुआ है।)

      3. जब कोई Singular Countable Noun story/speech/discourse में पहली बार आता है, तब उसके a/an लगता है। यह समझा जाता है कि श्रोता उससे पूर्वपरिचित नहीं हैं। परंतु जब उसी noun की पुनरावृत्ति होती है, तब उसके पहले the का प्रयोग होता है क्योंकि तब तक श्रोता उससे परिचित हो चुके रहते हैं।

      (a) There was a king. The king was very brave.

      (b) I saw a boy. The boy was weeping.

      (c) I have bought a car. The car is very beautiful. If you want to see the car, come to my home. I think you will like the car.

      4. जब वाक्य में noun+ preposition +noun का प्रयोग हो, तब प्रथम noun के पहले the का प्रयोग होगा। जैसे –

      The tea of Assam is famous.

      The mangoes on the tree are not ripe.

      The Ram of the Ramayana is an ideal personality.

      I like the sweets of Gaya.

      5. पर्वतश्रेणी या श्रृखंलाबध्द पर्वतों (ranges of mountains) के नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग अवश्य होता है। जैसे –

      the Himalayas, the Alps, the Vindhyas.

      परंतु चोटी (peak) या जो पहाड़ एकवचन रुप में रहते हैं, उनके नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे-

      Mount Everest, Snowdon, Mount Abu.

      6. द्वीपसमुह (groups of islands) के नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे –

      the West Indies, the Andamans.

      परंतु जो द्वीप एकवचन रुप में रहते हैं. उनके नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे-

      Ceylon, Sicily, Sumatra, Java.

      7. नदीं, खाड़ी, सागर, महासागर, जगंल, मरुभूमि, इत्यादि के नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे – \

      the Ganges, the Indus, the Thames, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Sahara.

      8. बड़े ग्रंथों के नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      the Gita, the Bible, the Vedas, the Ramayana, the Koran, the Mahabharata, the Paradise Lost.

      9. आकाशीय पिंड, दिशा या जो वस्तु दुनिया में केवल एक है, उनके नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      the earth, the sun, the moon, the sky, the east, the west, the world.

      10. Newspapers के नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे-

      The Hindustan Times, The Times of India, The Indian Nation, The Statesman, The Leader.

      11. Historical Places/Buildings के नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      the Tajmahal, the Red Fort, the Golghar.

      12. Musical Instruments के नामों के पहले का the प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      the tabla, the violin, the harmonium, the guitar.

      13. हवाईजहाज, समुद्री जहाज तथा रेलगाड़ी के नामों के पहले the लगता है। जैसे –

      the Meghdoot, (एक जहाज का नाम), the Vikrant (समुद्री जहाज का नाम), the Toofan Express (रेलगाड़ी का नाम).

      14. देशों के नाम के पहले article का प्रयोग नही है, पंरतु इन देशों के नाम के पहले का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      the U.S.S.R the United kingdom, the Netherlands, the Sudan.

      15. जब ordinal numbers को letters में लिखा जाता है, तब उनके पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      the first, the second, the tenth.

      16. जब Adjectives का प्रयोग Noun की तरह होता है, तब उसके पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      The poor are honest. ( the poor = poor man)
      The deaf can’t hear. (the deaf = deaf people)

      17. Superlative Degree के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
      Akbar was one of the greatest kings.

      18. Office, cinema, theatre तथा circus शब्द के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे-

      He is going to the office/cinema/theatre/circus.

      Articles का लोप (Omission of Articles)

      ऊपर कुछ उन परिस्थितियों का जिक्र किया जाता चुका है, जहाँ Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है उनके आलावा सामान्य अर्थ का बोध कराने के लिए निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियों में Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है –

      1. व्यक्ति, गाँव, शहर, जिला, राज्य, देश या महादेश के खास नाम के पहले सामान्य अर्थ में Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे –

      Mohan helps Sohan.

      Patna is the capital of Bihar.

      India is a big country.

      2. भाषा एंव विषय के नामों के पहले Article नहीं होता है। जैसे –

      I know English/French/Hindi/Urdu/Bengali/Tamil.

      Physics is an interesting subject.

      I have no interesting in mathematics.

      3. दिनों और महीनों के नामों के पहले Article नहीं लगता है। जैसे –

      January has thirty-one days.
      It is Monday today.

      4. बीमारियों के नामों के पहले Article नहीं लगता है। जैसे –

      He is suffering from cholera/smallpox.

      परंतु कुछ बीमारियों के नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –

      the plague, the gout, the measles, the mumps.

      5. पर्वो तथा ऋतुओं के नामों के पहले Article नहीं लगता है। जैसे –

      Holi/Christmas is an important festival.

      I shall go to Shimla is summer. (परंतु in the summer season)

      6. खेल-कूद के नामों के पहले Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे –

      I play football/tennis/cricket/badminton.

      7. भोजन-साम्रगी तथा के नामों के पहले Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे-

      I like rice and fish.

      I take tea/coffee everyday.

      There is chicken/lamb/egg in the menu.

      When do you have lunch/dinner/supper/breakfast?

      8. Possessive Adjectives (my, your, his, her, their & its)
      तथा Nouns in Possessive Case (Ram’s, cow’s etc) के तुरंत बाद Article का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे –

      This is my book.
      This is Ram’s ow.

      EXERCISE

      Dir