अधिकांश Verbs के पाँच रुप होते हैं –
1. V1 Verb का Present Tense Form
जैसे – go, eat, run, laugh, dance, etc.
2. V2 Verb का Past Tense Form
जैसे – went, ate, ran, laughed, etc.
3. V3 Verb का Past Participles Form
जैसे – gone, eaten, laughed, broken, etc.
4. V4 Verb का Present Participle Form
जैसे – Going, eating, laughing, breaking, etc.
5. V5 Verb का – s form
जैसे – eats, runs, laughs, goes, does, etc.
कुछ Verbs के पाँचों रुपों को देखें –
V1
go
eat
run
sleep
cut
V2
went
ate
ran
slept
cut
V3
gone
eaten
slept
cut
V4
going
eating
running
sleeping
cutting
V5
goes
eats
runs
sleeping
cuts
1. इन पाँचों रुपों को ध्यान से देखने पर चलता है कि Verb का मूल रुप V1है। उसमें – ing जोड़ने से V4 और -s/es जोड़ने से V5 प्राप्त होता है। जैसे –
V1
go
eat
laugh
run
cut
V2
going
eating
laughing
running
cutting
V5
goes
eats
laughs
runs
cuts
2. अधिकांश Verbs ऐसे होते हैं जिनके V2 और V3 का निर्माण V1 में d/ed suffix जोड़कर किया जाता है। इनके V2 और V3 same होते है। जैसे –
V1
laugh
work
help
walk
play
V2
laughed
worked
helped
walked
played
V3
laughed
worked
helped
walked
played
3. कुछ Verbs ऐसे हैं जिनके V2 और V3 same होते हैं। जैसे –
V1
buy
bring
make
sell
play
V2
bought
brought
made
sold
played
V3
bought
brought
made
sold
played
4. कुछ ऐसे हैं जिनके V1, V2 और V3 same होते हैं। जैसे – cut, put, shut, spread, set, cost, hurt, hit, burst, etc.
V1
cut
put
shut
cost
hurt
V2
cut
put
shut
cost
hurt
V3
cut
put
shut
cost
hurt
5. कुछ Verbs ऐसे हैं जिनके V2 और V3 भिन्न होते हैं। V2 और V3 forms को याद रखना पड़ता है। जैसे –
V1
eat
go
take
write
know
V2
ate
went
took
wrote
knew
V3
eaten
gone
taken
written
known
अब हम यहाँ कुछ महत्वपूर्ण Verbs के V1,V2 और V3 ध्यान दे रहे हैं जिन्हें आप हमेशा याद रखें। बिना याद किए आपका काम नहीं चलेगा।
Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle
(v1) (v2) (v3)
arise (उठना, जगना) arose arisen
abuse (गाली देना) abused abused
answer (उत्तर देना) answered answered
ask (पुछना) asked asked
arrive (पहुँचना) arrived arrived
advise (सलाह देना) advised advised
be (होना) was been
beat (पीटना) beat beaten
become (होना) became become
begin (शुरु करना) began begun
bite (दाँत से काटना) bit bitten
break (तोड़ना) broke broken
burn (जलना, जालाना) burnt burnt
blow (बहना) blew blown
buy (खरीदना) bought bought
build (बनाना) built built
bring (लाना) brought brought
bind (बाँधना) bound bound
beg (भीख माँगना) begged begged
bless (आर्शीवाद देना) blessed blessed
call (पुकारना) called called
come (आना) came come
climb (चढ़ना) climbed climbed
catch (पकड़ना) caught caught
cut (काटना) cut cut
close (बंद करना) closed closed
cry (चिल्लाना) cried cried
cook (पकाना) cooked cooked
clean (साफ करना) cleaned cleaned
choose (चुनना) chose chose
carry (ढ़ोना) carried carried
creep (रेंगना) crept crept
deal (बर्ताव करना) dealt dealt
dig (खोदना) dug dug
do (करना) did done
draw (खींचना) drank drunk
drive (चलाना) drove driven
die (मरना) died died
dream (स्वपन देखना) dreamt dreamt
dry (सुखाना) dried dried
drop (गिराना) dropped dropped
eat (खाना) ate eaten
enter (प्रवेश करना) entered entered
elect (चुनना) elected elected
fall (गिरना) fell fallen
feed (खिलाना) fed fed
fight (लड़ना) fought fought
find (पाना) found found
fly (उड़ना, उड़ाना) flew flown
forget (भुलना) forgot forgotten
fry (तलना) fried fried
feel (महसूस) felt felt
get (पाना) got got
give (देना) gave given
go (जाना) went gone
grow (उपजना, उपाजाना) grew grown
hang (लटकाना) hung hung
hang (फाँसी देना) hanged hanged
hear (सुनना) heard heard
help (सहायता) helped helped
hide (छिपाना) hid hidden
have (रखना) had had
hit (चोट करना) hit hit
hold (पकड़ना) held held
hurt (चोट पहुँचाना) hurt hurt
hope (आशा करना) hoped hoped
jump (कुदना) jumped jumped
keep (जारी रखना) kept kept
know (जानना) knew known
live (रहना) lived lived
learn (सिखना) learnt learnt
leave (छोड़ना) left left
look (देखना) looked looked
love (प्यार करना) loved loved
lose (खोना) lost lost
lend (उधार लेना) lent lent
lead (नेतृत्व करना) led led
leap (कूदना) leapt leapt
make (बनाना) made made
meet (मिलना) met met
marry (शादी करना) married married
mistake (गलती करना) mistook mistaken
open (खोलना) opened opened
play (खेलना) played played
put (रखना) paid paid
quarrel (झगड़ना) quarrelled quarrelled
read (पढ़ना) read read
ride (चढ़ना) rode rode
ring (बजाना, बजना) rang rang
rise (उठना, उगना) rose risen
see (देखना) saw seen
say (कहना) said said
sell (बेचना) sold sold
send (भेजना) sent sent
show (दिखाना) showed shown
study (अध्ययन करना) studied studied
set (ठीक करना) set set
shake (हिलाना) shook shaken
shine (चमकना) shone shone
shoot (गोली मरना) shot shot
shut (बंद करना) shut shut
sing (गाना गाना) sang sung
sink (डूबना) sank sunk
sleep (सोना) slept slept
smell (सूघँना) smelt smelt
speak (बोलना) spoke spoken
spend (बिताना) spent spent
spoil (बर्बाद करना) spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled
stand (खड़ा होना) stood stood
steal (चुराना) stole stole
swim (तैरना) swam swum
take (लेना) took taken
teach (पढ़ाना) taught taught
tear (फाड़ना) tore torn
tell (कहना) told told
think (सोचना) thought thought
throw (फेंकना) threw thrown
talk (बात करना) talked talked
thank (धन्यवाद करना) thanked thanked
use (प्रयोग करना) used used
understand (समझना) understood understood
work (काम करना) worked worked
want (चहाना) wanted wanted
wear (पहनना) wore worn
weep (रोना) wept wept
win (जितना) won won
write (लिखना) write write
wash (धोना) washed washed
EXERCISE
Direction: Write down the V1, V2, V3 ,V4 and V5 forms of the following verbs-
ask, beat, break, buy, come, do, fall, feel, grow, hope, learn, put, burst, read, see, sell, set, hit, open, stand.
Answers:
1. Ask
V1: ask
V2: asked
V3: asked
V4: asking
V5: asks
2. Beat
V1: beat
V2: beat
V3: beaten
V4: beating
V5: beats
3. Break
V1: break
V2: broke
V3: broken
V4: breaking
V5: breaks
4. Buy
V1: buy
V2: bought
V3: bought
V4: buying
V5: buys
5. Come
V1: come
V2: came
V3: come
V4: coming
V5: comes
6. Do
V1: do
V2: did
V3: done
V4: doing
V5: does
7. Fall
V1: fall
V2: fell
V3: fallen
V4: falling
V5: falls
8. Feel
V1: feel
V2: felt
V3: felt
V4: feeling
V5: feels
9. Grow
V1: grow
V2: grew
V3: grown
V4: growing
V5: grows
10. Hope
V1: hope
V2: hoped
V3: hoped
V4: hoping
V5: hopes
11. Learn
V1: learn
V2: learned / learnt
V3: learned / learnt
V4: learning
V5: learns
12. Put
V1: put
V2: put
V3: put
V4: putting
V5: puts
13. Burst
V1: burst
V2: burst
V3: burst
V4: bursting
V5: bursts
14. Read
V1: read
V2: read
V3: read
V4: reading
V5: reads
15. See
V1: see
V2: saw
V3: seen
V4: seeing
V5: sees
16. Sell
V1: sell
V2: sold
V3: sold
V4: selling
V5: sells
17. Set
V1: set
V2: set
V3: set
V4: setting
V5: sets
18. Hit
V1: hit
V2: hit
V3: hit
V4: hitting
V5: hits
19. Open
V1: open
V2: opened
V3: opened
V4: opening
V5: opens
20. Stand
V1: stand
V2: stood
V3: stood
V4: standing
V5: stands