Tag: class 8

Class 8 Supplement to Elementary English Grammar and Composition : 20 to 35 Answers from the book N.K Aggarwala for CBSE and ICSE Students.

25 Direct-Indirect Speech

25.B Make 6 groups Each group will narrate the following dialogues in indirect speech.

Dialogue 1
Have you ever been to Japan?
No, I’ve never been there but I know it’s a very safe and beautiful country to travel.
Oh, I think, I’ll visit it one day!

Dialogue 2
Please , help me to cook the soup.
Mum, I can’t. I’m doing my homework. I’m having an important test tomorrow.

Dialogue 3
Where did you go yesterday?
I went to the bookstore and bought a very interesting book.
Do you like it?
Yes, I was reading it all evening.

Dialogue 4
This dog looks angry. I’m scared.
Don’t be afraid! It’s my friend’s dog. It’s very kind and it won’t bite you.

Dialogue 5
Can we play here, mum?
No, please be quite. The father is sleeping. He has worked a lot today and is very tired.
Okay! We’ll play outside.

Dialogue 6
Don’t be late for dinner! The granny is waiting for us.
Don’t worry, I won’t be late. I will buy a cake and some flowers on my way to her.

Answers
Group 1: Dialogue 1 (Indirect Speech)

A person asked if the other had ever been to Japan. The other replied that they had never been there but knew it was a very safe and beautiful country to travel to. The first person then mentioned that they thought they would visit it one day.

Group 2: Dialogue 2 (Indirect Speech)

Someone asked for help in cooking the soup. The child responded that they couldn’t help because they were doing their homework and had an important test the next day.

Group 3: Dialogue 3 (Indirect Speech)

One person asked where the other had gone the previous day. The other replied that they had gone to the bookstore and bought a very interesting book. The first person then asked if they liked it, and the other responded that they had read it all evening and enjoyed it.

Group 4: Dialogue 4 (Indirect Speech)

Someone said that the dog looked angry and expressed fear. The other person reassured them, telling them not to be afraid as the dog belonged to their friend and was very kind, assuring that it wouldn’t bite.

Group 5: Dialogue 5 (Indirect Speech)

A child asked their mother if they could play there. The mother replied, asking them to be quiet because their father was sleeping after working a lot and was very tired. The child then said they would play outside.

Group 6: Dialogue 6 (Indirect Speech)

Someone told the other not to be late for dinner, as the grandmother was waiting for them. The other person reassured them, saying they wouldn’t be late and that they would buy a cake and some flowers on their way to visit her.

These conversions should help students understand how to transform direct dialogues into indirect speech.

35 Comprehension Passages

Read the following text and answer the question that follow.

When another old cave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event. Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its walls were hundred animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.
Early artist drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing sleep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex.
Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside.
Although they are not out in the air. where natural light would have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.
(Source : http:// koreananimals. org/)

1. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(a) Wild Animals in Art
(b) Hidden Prehistoric Paintings
(c) Exploring Caves Respectfully
(d) Determining the Age of French Caves

2. In line 4, the phrase ‘pays heed to’ is closest meaning to _____.
(a) discovers (b) watches (c) notices (d) buys
3. Based on the passages, what is the significance of the south of France?
4. Early artists did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls. What does this indicate about them?
5. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.
Choose another word for ‘depict’ from the words given below.
(a) show (b) hunt (c) count (d) draw
6. Why was painting inside the Lascaux complex a difficult task?
(a) It was completely dark inside.
(b) the caves were full of wild animals.
(c) Painting materials were hard to find.
(d) Many painting spaces were difficult to reach.
7. According to the passages, all of the following have caused damage to the paintings except ______.
(a) temperature changes
(b) air movement
(c) water
(d) light
8. Would you like to explore news caves? Explain your opinion giving four reasons from the text?

Answers:
Comprehension Passage Questions and Answers:

Finally, exploring caves before they deteriorate due to environmental factors like air movement and water would allow me to witness these historical treasures before they are lost.

1. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(b) Hidden Prehistoric Paintings Explanation: The passage discusses the discovery of prehistoric paintings in caves, particularly focusing on the Lascaux cave complex, making option (b) the best summary.
2. In line 4, the phrase “pays heed to” is closest in meaning to _____.
(c) notices Explanation: “Pays heed to” means to take notice or pay attention, so the closest meaning is “notices.”
3. Based on the passage, what is the significance of the south of France?
Answer: The south of France is significant because it is a region where many old caves with prehistoric paintings, such as the Lascaux cave complex, have been discovered. These caves contain ancient artworks that are of great historical and cultural importance.
4. Early artists did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls. What does this indicate about them?
Answer: This indicates that the early artists were highly dedicated, skillful, and determined. They were willing to go to great lengths, both physically and creatively, to accomplish their artwork, even in difficult and hard-to-reach areas.
5. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses, which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals. Choose another word for “depict” from the words given below.
(a) show Explanation: “Depict” means to represent or show something, so the best synonym is “show.”
6. Why was painting inside the Lascaux complex a difficult task?
(d) Many painting spaces were difficult to reach. Explanation: The passage mentions that some spaces required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages, making it difficult for artists to reach certain areas.
7. According to the passage, all of the following have caused damage to the paintings except ______.
(d) light Explanation: The passage mentions that water, air movement, and temperature changes have damaged the paintings, but light has not been a significant factor since the caves are not exposed to natural light.
8. Would you like to explore new caves? Explain your opinion giving four reasons from the text.
Answer:
Yes, I would like to explore new caves.
Firstly, discovering hidden caves is exciting, as they may contain prehistoric paintings, just like in the Lascaux cave complex.
Secondly, the unique artworks found in such caves, like the 300 images of horses, provide insight into early human creativity.
Thirdly, the physical challenge of navigating steep walls and narrow passages makes it an adventurous experience.

Class 8 Supplement to Elementary English Grammar and Composition : 16 to 20 Answers from the book N.K Aggarwala for CBSE and ICSE students.

Appropriate Phrases

17 Sentences -Simple, Compound, Complex

17.A Read the following instructions and write the correct option.
1.The simple sentence in ma compound sentence can be joined together with a comma and a *c* . 

(a) noun         (b)preposition              (c) conjunction             (d) verb 
2. The simple sentences in a compound sentence  can be joined together with a           *b* .

(a)  period                     (b) semicolon         (c) question mark               (d) exclamation  mark 
3. The simple sentence in compound sentences are also known as independent *b*. 

(a) phrases               (b) clauses        (c) words       (d) predicates 
4. Choose the appropriate coordinating conjunction to join these simple sentences into a compound sentence.

Nitin ordered a burger, * c*  Manu chose a sandwich. 

(a) if                   (b) nor      (c)  and          (d) or 
5. Choose the subordinate clause in the given complex sentence. 

When I went to the carnival, I rode on the Ferris Wheel. 

(a) if                      (b) nor              (c) and         (d) or 
6.  Choose the subordinate clause in the given complex sentence. 

Varsha wrote down my e-mail address, so she would not forget it. 

(a) varsha wrote down my e-mail address

(b) my e-mail address

(c) so she would not forget it ‘

(d) she would not 
7. A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. 

(a) True             (b) False 
8. Choose the subordinates clause in the given complex sentence. Alexander, who is fourteen years old, loves to skateboard.  

(a) Alexander 

(b) who is fourteen years old 

(c) Alexander loves to skateboard 

(d) loves to skateboard 

Answers:
The simple sentence in a compound sentence can be joined together with a comma and a (c) conjunction.

The simple sentences in a compound sentence can be joined together with a (b) semicolon.

The simple sentences in compound sentences are also known as independent (b) clauses.

Choose the appropriate coordinating conjunction to join these simple sentences into a compound sentence.
Nitin ordered a burger, (c) and Manu chose a sandwich.

Choose the subordinate clause in the given complex sentence.
When I went to the carnival, I rode on the Ferris Wheel.
The subordinate clause is “When I went to the carnival”. None of the options provided is correct in this context.

Choose the subordinate clause in the given complex sentence.
Varsha wrote down my e-mail address, so she would not forget it.
The subordinate clause is (c) so she would not forget it.

A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
The correct answer is (a) True.

Choose the subordinate clause in the given complex sentence.
Alexander, who is fourteen years old, loves to skateboard.
The subordinate clause is (b) who is fourteen years old.

18 Noun Clauses

18.B Choose the most appropriate noun phrase.

g1. I was showing the tourist _______________________.
a. when to go home
b. what to sell at the market
c. how to get to the hotel
2. Mr Hari told the driver ___________________________.
a. where to send him
b. what to do the meeting
c. what to think
3. One of the players forgot _________________________.
a. when to turn up for practice
b. how to run away
c. where to buy shoes from
4. The chef is wondering _______________________________.
a. when to brush his teeth
b. what to prepare for the important dinner
c. how to wash the car
5. The librarian told Peter _______________.
a. when to start work
b. how to lock up the place
c. what to look out for on the road
6. At the party, she showed him _____________________.
a. what to grow
b. how to dance
c. when to sleep
7. The sergeant is showing him _______________________.
a. what to sing at the concert
b. when to grow his beard
c. how to hold the rifle
8. The usher showed us _________________________________.
a. how to take photographs
b. where to sit
c. when to comb our hair
9. Our teacher told us ____________________________________.
a. what to do with the test paper
b. how to lock up the place
c. where to look for the survivors
10. The stewardess shows the passengers _____________________.
a. when to start work
b. where to land the plane
c. how to fasten the seat belt

Answers:
1. I was showing the tourist (c) how to get to the hotel.
2. Mr. Hari told the driver (a) where to send him.
3. One of the players forgot (a) when to turn up for practice.
4. The chef is wondering (b) what to prepare for the important dinner.
5. The librarian told Peter (b) how to lock up the place.
6. At the party, she showed him (b) how to dance.
7. The sergeant is showing him (c) how to hold the rifle.
8. The usher showed us (b) where to sit.
9. Our teacher told us (a) what to do with the test paper.
10. The stewardess shows the passengers (c) how to fasten the seat belt.

20 Adverbs Clauses

20.B Match the following groups of words to make correct sentences.

the children were asleep	before she left house
she takes her daughter	as if they were very excited
after he finished school	whenever they come for a visit
until the lesson finishes	while he’s watching TV

1. He joined the army ___________________________________________________________.
2. he doesn’t like anyone talking to him ___________________________________________.
3. By the time we got back, ____________________________________________________.
4. She turned off the lights __________________________________________________.
5. They acted __________________________________________________________________________.
6. You can’t leave the room ___________________________________________________________.
7. They brings us flowers ____________________________________________________________.
8. Whenever Julie goes, _______________________________________________________________.

Answers:
1. He joined the army after he finished school.
2. He doesn’t like anyone talking to him while he’s watching TV.
3. By the time we got back, the children were asleep.
4. She turned off the lights before she left the house.
5. They acted as if they were very excited.
6. You can’t leave the room until the lesson finishes.
7. They bring us flowers whenever they come for a visit.
8. Wherever Julie goes, she takes her daughter.

22 Conditional Clauses

22.A Work in groups of 3 or 4. One person from from each group will ask questions and another will give their answer. One Example has been given for you.

1. If I had one crore rupees…	2. If I lost my key…..	3. If I didn’t have a computer…
4. If I didn’t work at a multinational company…	5. If I lived in England ….	6. If I had a baby…..
7. If I couldn’t write….	8. If my father was famous…	9. If I was fond of music…
10. If I saw a UFO….	11. If I spoke…..	12. If I got up late for work….

Answers:
1. Student A: What would you do if you had one crore rupees?
Student B: If I had one crore rupees, I would invest in property and start my own business.
2. Student A: What would you do if you lost your key?
Student B: If I lost my key, I would call a locksmith to replace it.
3. Student A: What would you do if you didn’t have a computer?
Student B: If I didn’t have a computer, I would find it difficult to stay connected online.
4. Student A: What would you do if you didn’t work at a multinational company?
Student B: If I didn’t work at a multinational company, I might explore opportunities in a local business.
5. Student A: What would you do if you lived in England?
Student B: If I lived in England, I would travel to different parts of Europe during the weekends.
6. Student A: What would you do if you had a baby?
Student B: If I had a baby, I would take a break from work to spend time with my child.
7. Student A: What would you do if you couldn’t write?
Student B: If I couldn’t write, I would use voice-to-text software to communicate.
8. Student A: What would you do if your father was famous?
Student B: If my father was famous, I would try to live up to his legacy while making my own path.
9. Student A: What would you do if you were fond of music?
Student B: If I were fond of music, I would learn to play the guitar or piano.
10. Student A: What would you do if you saw a UFO?
Student B: If I saw a UFO, I would take a picture and report it to the authorities.
11. Student A: What would you do if you spoke five languages?
Student B: If I spoke five languages, I would work as a translator and travel a lot.
12. Student A: What would you do if you got up late for work?
Student B: If I got up late for work, I would inform my boss and rush to the office as quickly as possible.

Class 8 Supplement to Elementary English Grammar and Composition : 11 to 15 Answers from the book N.K Aggarwala for CBSE and ICSE students.

11 Adverbs

11.B Read the following sentences. If the highlighted word is an adjective write ADJ, and if it is an adverbs, write ADV.

1. The cheese on this cracker testes strange. ______________________________
2. I go to the gym regularly. _________________________
3. She gazed at me with empty eyes. _______________________
4. Have you eaten an apple lately? ______________________________
5. The dog howled wildly in its cage. ______________________
6. I think that both sides are even now. _____________________________
7. The instructor arrived promptly at eight. ____________________________
8. Our regular office hours are Monday to Friday from 9 am to 5 pm. _________________________
9. The teams were matched evenly. ________________________
10. The homemade food was quite tasty. _______________________________

Answers:
1. The cheese on this cracker tastes strange. ADJ
2. I go to the gym regularly. ADV
3. She gazed at me with empty eyes. ADJ
4. Have you eaten an apple lately? ADV
5. The dog howled wildly in its cage. ADV
6. I think that both sides are even now. ADJ
7. The instructor arrived promptly at eight. ADV
8. Our regular office hours are Monday to Friday from 9 am to 5 pm. ADJ
9. The teams were matched evenly. ADV
10. The homemade food was quite tasty. ADJ

13 Prepositions

13.B Work in pairs and perform the activity. Ask your partner the following things in the table and complete it.

Find someone who……	Name	More information
… usually wakes up early in the morning
… has a birthday in November
… Often goes out on Saturday evening.
…goes on holiday in the summer.
… gets up at 7 o’clock in the morning.
…plays a sport at the weekend.
…usually gets home at 5 o’clock
…drinks coffee in the afternoon.
… works or studies on Saturady.

Answers:

Find someone who…	Name	More information
usually wakes up early in the morning
has a birthday in November
often goes out on Saturday evening
goes on holiday in the summer
gets up at 7 o’clock in the morning
plays a sport at the weekend
usually gets home at 5 o’clock
drinks coffee in the afternoon
works or studies on Saturday

You and your partner can fill in the table with names and more information as you ask these questions.

14 Phrasal Verbs

14.A Perform this activity in pairs. One student will read out the phrasal verb and its meaning, while the other student will write different sentences using the same phrasal verb in their notebook.

Put on Put something on the stove. I’ll put the kettle on for tea.	Take down Remove ( a picture or object) from the wall. She made us take down all the pictures.
Hang up Put your clothes on a hanger to hang in the closet. We hang our clothes up in closet.	Put away Put items into proper place. Please put away your clothes.
Turn off Cause the power of (an electronic device) to stop It’s too noisy. Turn off the Tv please!!	Clean up Remove the dirt, stanis and unwanted materials. We spent Saturday morning cleaning up.
Put up Attach object to the wall to hang. I will put up this picture to the wall.	Turn on Give power to an electronic device to start. Do you want me to turn the lamp on?

Answers:
Put on:

• She will put on her coat before leaving the house.
• I forgot to put on my shoes this morning.

Take down:

• Please take down the decorations after the party.
• I had to take down the shelf to repaint the wall.

Hang up:

• Can you hang up the new curtains in the living room?
• I always hang up my jacket when I get home.

Put away:

• After you finish eating, please put away the dishes.
• He put away all his toys before bedtime.

Turn off:

• Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave.
• Turn off the computer before you go to bed.

Clean up:

• After the party, we had to clean up the mess.
• She cleaned up the kitchen after cooking dinner.

Put up:

• We need to put up the holiday decorations this weekend.
• She put up a new notice on the bulletin board.

Turn on:
Please turn on the heater, it’s getting cold.
Can you turn on the air conditioner? It’s really hot in here.

15. Structure of Sentences

15. A In each of the following sentences, underline the subjects once and the predicate twice.

1. Fables such as “Little Red Riding Hood” have given wolves a bad reputation.
2. Ranchers in areas with wolves dislike the animals for attacking their livestock.
3. In the city lived many poor people.
4. Out of the woods came a bear.
5. Just around the corner was the parade.
6. in the fall, the leaves cover the ground.
7. Their sudden appearance quickly aroused the townspeople’s curiosity.
8. With keen interest, the townspeople observed the prospector’s movements.
9. Nobody in the town knew anything about the strangers.
10. The children’s books and backpacks were stolen while they were at lunch.
11. The Zoo and the ice cream store are my favourite destinations.
12. The teacher and her assistant told the student and his parents that there would be a quiz in the next week.

Answers:
1. Fables such as “Little Red Riding Hood” have given wolves a bad reputation.
Subject: Fables such as “Little Red Riding Hood”
Predicate: have given wolves a bad reputation.
2. Ranchers in areas with wolves dislike the animals for attacking their livestock.
Subject: Ranchers in areas with wolves
Predicate: dislike the animals for attacking their livestock.
3. In the city lived many poor people.
Subject: In the city
Predicate: lived many poor people.
4. Out of the woods came a bear.
Subject: Out of the woods
Predicate: came a bear.
5. Just around the corner was the parade.
Subject: Just around the corner
Predicate: was the parade.
6. In the fall, the leaves cover the ground.
Subject: the leaves
Predicate: cover the ground.
7. Their sudden appearance quickly aroused the townspeople’s curiosity.
Subject: Their sudden appearance
Predicate: quickly aroused the townspeople’s curiosity.
8. With keen interest, the townspeople observed the prospector’s movements.
Subject: the townspeople
Predicate: observed the prospector’s movements.
9. Nobody in the town knew anything about the strangers.
Subject: Nobody in the town
Predicate: knew anything about the strangers.
10. The children’s books and backpacks were stolen while they were at lunch.
Subject: The children’s books and backpacks
Predicate: were stolen while they were at lunch.
11. The Zoo and the ice cream store are my favourite destinations.
Subject: The Zoo and the ice cream store
Predicate: are my favourite destinations.
12. The teacher and her assistant told the student and his parents that there would be a quiz in the next week.
Subject: The teacher and her assistant
Predicate: told the student and his parents that there would be a quiz in the next week.

15.B Work in pairs. One student will rewrite the following sentences by changing the position of direct and indirect objects. Then his/her partner will replace the indirect objects with personal pronouns.

1. Grandma will cook my friends a delicious meal.
2. Did Ravi bring Rahul the new book?
3. Mom left Sunita with two oranges.
4. The teacher told the students funny stories.
5. Who will lend my brother some money?
6. Gagan gave Tarun a ride a ride to the station.
7. The teacher gave the class a new project.
8. My mom bought my brother a new dress.
9. They bought my parents some CDs.
10. Tanuj showed Ms Sharma his project.

Answers:
1. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
Grandma will cook a delicious meal for my friends.
With Pronouns: Grandma will cook a delicious meal for them.
2. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
Did Ravi bring the new book to Rahul?
With Pronouns: Did Ravi bring the new book to him?
3. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
Mom left two oranges with Sunita.
With Pronouns: Mom left two oranges with her.
4. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
The teacher told funny stories to the students.
With Pronouns: The teacher told funny stories to them.
5. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
Who will lend some money to my brother?
With Pronouns: Who will lend some money to him?
6. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
Gagan gave a ride to Tarun to the station.
With Pronouns: Gagan gave a ride to him to the station.
7. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
The teacher gave a new project to the class.
With Pronouns: The teacher gave a new project to them.
8. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
My mom bought a new dress for my brother.
With Pronouns: My mom bought a new dress for him.
9. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
They bought some CDs for my parents.
With Pronouns: They bought some CDs for them.
10. Direct and Indirect Objects Switched:
Tanuj showed his project to Ms. Sharma.
With Pronouns: Tanuj showed his project to her.

Class 8 Supplement to Elementary English Grammar and Composition : 6 to 10 for CBSE and ICSE students. Book written y N.K Aggarwala.

Class 8 Supplement to Elementary English Grammar and Composition : 1 to 5 for CBse and ICSE student from the book N.K Aggarwala.

1. Parts of Speech

B. Put the words in the correct category.

everybody these loin type skip blue Rachel our want advice throw know pointed that smart run yourself patience did me spell himself students sydney excellent easy woollen who modern which will volleyball Spanish China bright western trouble skiing she be

Nouns	Verbs	Pronouns	Adjectives

Answers:
Nouns:

• loin
• type
• advice
• students
• Sydney
• volleyball
• Spanish
• China
• trouble
• skiing

Verbs:

• skip
• want
• throw
• know
• pointed
• run
• spell
• will
• did
• be

Pronouns:

• everybody
• our
• yourself
• that
• who
• which
• me
• himself
• she

Adjectives:

western
blue
Rachel (used as a proper adjective if referring to something belonging to “Rachel”)
smart
easy
woollen
modern
excellent
patience (when used as a description)
bright

2. The Noun

A. Underline the nouns in following passage. Then sort them into the correct boxes.

Rehan couldn’t sleep at all that night. The tittle creatures was afraid to close his eyes. Naveen might wake up at any time and point that awful, glaring flashing directly at Rehan, who was crouched behind a pair of shoes in the open cabinet. Things had been likewise since Naveen began reading Do not Enter The Monster Zoo, a collection of stories that portrays all the monsters as ruthless villains and twists the history of hatred to accuse creatures of committing things to people that people actually do to the monsters!

Common Nouns

Proper Nouns

Abstract Nouns

Proper Nouns

Answers:

Rehan couldn’t sleep at all that night. The little creatures were afraid to close his eyes. Naveen might wake up at any time and point that awful, glaring flashing directly at Rehan, who was crouched behind a pair of shoes in the open cabinet. Things had been likewise since Naveen began reading Do Not Enter The Monster Zoo, a collection of stories that portrays all the monsters as ruthless villains and twists the history of hatred to accuse creatures of committing things to people that people actually do to the monsters!

Sorted Nouns:

Common Nouns:

• night
• creatures
• eyes
• shoes
• cabinet
• things
• stories
• monsters
• villains
• history
• creatures
• things
• people
• monsters

Proper Nouns:

• Rehan
• Naveen
• Do Not Enter The Monster Zoo

Proper Nouns:

• Rehan
• Naveen
• Do Not Enter The Monster Zoo

Abstract Nouns:

• history
• hatred

4. Determiners

A. Look at the words and complete the following sentences with a word.  Somethings two possibilities. 

1. _______________ patient (except patients with X-rays) must wait to be called.
2. _______________ patient who arrives 30 minutes late will have to wait until after the last patient has been seen.
3. There are blood tests ________________ Wednesday and Friday.
4. __________________ nurse is speaking to the patients.
5. Flu vaccinations are free for __________________ people over 60.
6. The boy on the left has broken _____________ arms.
7. There are ___________________ blood tests on Mondays.
8. There are three doctors, and ________________ doctor is specialised in a different field.
9. ___________________ patients at the desk are carrying X-rays.
10. _________________ patients on the left are waiting to see a doctor.
11. To donate blood, you can come on Fridays at _____________ time between 8 and 11.
12. _______________________ person in the room is either a nurse or a patient.

Answers:
1. Any patient (except patients with X-rays) must wait to be called.
2. Any patient who arrives 30 minutes late will have to wait until after the last patient has been seen.
3. There are blood tests on Wednesday and Friday.
4. The nurse is speaking to the patients.
5. Flu vaccinations are free for all people over 60.
6. The boy on the left has broken both arms.
7. There are some blood tests on Mondays.
8. There are three doctors, and each doctor is specialised in a different field.
9. Some patients at the desk are carrying X-rays.
10. The patients on the left are waiting to see a doctor.
11. To donate blood, you can come on Fridays at any time between 8 and 11.
12. Every person in the room is either a nurse or a patient.

5 The Present Tense

A Read the conversation and answer the questions.

1. Ridhima : I’m Ridhima Shetty. Are you Abhilash Singh?
Abhilash : Yes, I’m Are you North Indian?
Ridhima: No. Vikash is North Indian and lives at Jaipur.
I’m Marathi.
Abhilash : Oh, okay! I am from Delhi.
Vikas : Yes, it is a big city. Ridhima, are you from Mumbai?
Ridhima : Yes, I’m from Mumbai?
Abhilash : Are you and Ridhima students?
Vikas : I’m a students. She is an actress in television serials.
We are tourists in Goa.
Ridhima : Are you a student, Abhilash?
Abhilash : No, I’m not a student. I’m a doctor. I’m on holiday.
1. Is Ridhima from Pune?
___________________________________________________.
2. Is Ridhima and Vikas tourists in Goa?
_________________________________________________.
3. Are Ridhima and Vikas tourists in Goa?
______________________________________________________.
4. Is Abhilash a lawyer?
_______________________________________________________.
5. Is Ridhima an actress?
________________________________________________________.

Answers:
1. Is Ridhima from Pune?
No, Ridhima is from Mumbai.
2. Is Ridhima and Vikas tourists in Goa?
Yes, Ridhima and Vikas are tourists in Goa.
3. Are Ridhima and Vikas tourists in Goa?
Yes, Ridhima and Vikas are tourists in Goa.
4. Is Abhilash a lawyer?
No, Abhilash is not a lawyer. He is a doctor.
5. Is Ridhima an actress?
Yes, Ridhima is an actress in television serials.

English Grammar Exercises for Class 8 with Answers for CBSE and ICSE board students. Solution of all worksheet from N K Aggarwala, English Grammar and Composition book for free online practice. In this post we provide link to all units contains fully solved exercises and worksheets.

PART- I : FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR AND CORRECT USAGE

1. PARTS OF SPECCH

2. THE NOUNS

• Kinds of Nouns

3. PRONOUNS

• A Quick Recapitulation
• Agreement of the Relative Pronouns and Their Antecedents

4. DETEMINERS

• Kinds of Determiners
• Distributives
• Quantifiers

5. THE PRESENT TENSE

• Simple Present
• Present Continuous
• Present Perfect
• Present Perfect Continuous

6. THE PAST TENSE

• Simple Past
• Past Continuous
• Past Perfect
• Past Perfect Continuous

7. THE FUTURE TENSE

• Simple Future
• Future Continuous
• Future Perfect
• Future Perfect Continuous

8. MODALS

• The Modal Auxiliaries
• Shall and will
• Modals as Questions
• Modals, Both Positive and Negative

9. VERBS – NON-FINITES

• Infinitives
• Participles
• Gerunds

10. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

• Miscellaneous Examples
• Modals
• Command Sentences
• Use of Let

11. ADJECTIVES – DEGREES OF COMPARISON

• The Comparative Degree
• The Superlative Degree

12. ADVERBS

• Kinds of Adverbs
• Comparison of Adverbs

13. PREPOSITIONS

• Kinds of Prepositions
• Prepositions of Place
• Prepositions of Direction and Movement
• Prepositions of Time

14. PHRASAL VERBS

15. STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES

• The Subject
• The Predicate
• The Object
• The Complement

16. THE PHRASE AND THE CLAUSE

17. SENTENCES – SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

18. NOUN CLAUSES

19. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

20. ADVERBS CLAUSES

• Kinds of Adverbs Clauses

21. RELATIVE CLAUSES

• Use of Who, That, Whose, Whom and Where

22. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

23. COMBINATION OF SENTENCES

• Separate Sentences
• Combined Sentences

24. THE SEQUENCE OF TENSE

25. DIRECT -INDIRECT SPEECH

26. PUNCTUATIONS AND CAPITAL LETTERS

27. WORD POWER

• One Word for a Group Words
• Synonyms and Antonyms

28. SPELLINGS

29. SOME USEFUL PHRASES AND IDIOMS

• Idioms
• Idiomatic Pairs

30. WORDS FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONS

PART – II WRITING SKILLS

31. SHORT COMPOSITIONS

• Paragraph Writing
• Notice Writing
• Advertisements
• Posters
• Massages
• Factual Description

32. LONGER COMPOSITIONS

• Writing Reports
• Process Writing
• Diary Writing

33. ESSAYS AND ARTICLES

• Picture Compositions
• Descriptive and Narrative Essays
• Argumentative Essays
• Imaginative Essays

34. LETTER WRITING

• Informal Letters
• Formal Letters
• Invitations (Formal)
• Applications
• Letters to the Editor
• Miscellaneous Letters

35. COMPREHENSION PASSAGE

Comprehension Passages Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution for class 8 from the book Elementary school grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Read and answer the Passages

Exercise 35.1 Read the following passage and answers the questions that follow :-

Geeta works in a shop selling gramophone records. One afternoon a middle -aged woman came in, sat on a stool in front of the counter, and smiled at her brightly.
‘I want a record called?’ Geeta asked without much hope. The woman shook her head. ‘I don’t hundred of records in stock,’ Geeta pointed out. ‘it would take a very long time a play you even a little of each. Could you hum it to me?’
The woman shook her head again. ‘I can’t even sing the National Anthem in true. We should only get into a complete muddle if I were to start humming.’ She looked quite depressed, as if this reminder of her own lack of musical ability were the last straw. Then suddenly her face brightened. ‘I’ve just remembered something, ‘she said. It you ask me, “it’s from “My Fair Lady”, she said.
‘That’s was enough for Geeta. ‘If you ask me, it’s from “My Fair Lady”, ‘she said.
This was it, dear. If you’d thought of it sooner, we wouldn’t have wasted so much time. I suppose you are new to the job.’

1. State whether the following statements are true or false :
(a) A sad looking young woman came to Geeta’s shop.
(b) Geeta played about twenty records for her.
(c) The woman knew she had no musical ability.
(d) The woman hummed a tune for Geeta.
(e) She was very sorry for having caused so much trouble.

2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) Was the woman’s order to Geeta clear, precise and fair?
(b) What request did she make to Geeta?
(c) “She looked quite depressed.” Why?
(d) Do you think the customer’s last remark was justified? Why/why not?

3. Find words in the which mean the same as the following :

(a) a confused state
(b) disappointed
(c) science of speech sounds
(d) sing with closed lips.

4. Give your opinion of the customer in 20 words.
5. Give a title to this passage and state why you have chosen it.

Answers:
1. State whether the following statements are true or false:

(a) False – The woman was middle-aged, not young.
(b) False – Geeta didn’t play any records as the woman could not recall the title.
(c) True – The woman admitted she lacked musical ability, as she couldn’t even sing the National Anthem.
(d) False – The woman did not hum a tune for Geeta.
(e) True – She expressed regret for having caused trouble after realizing the delay was due to her own forgetfulness.

---

2. Answer the following questions briefly:

(a) Was the woman’s order to Geeta clear, precise, and fair?
No, the woman’s order was unclear and imprecise, as she couldn’t recall the name of the song and offered little information initially.

(b) What request did she make to Geeta?
The woman requested Geeta to find a record for her, but she couldn’t remember its title or hum the tune to help.

(c) “She looked quite depressed.” Why?
The woman became depressed after being reminded of her lack of musical ability, which made it harder to find the record.

(d) Do you think the customer’s last remark was justified? Why/why not?
The customer’s last remark was not entirely justified. While the woman blamed Geeta’s inexperience for the delay, the real issue was her own inability to recall the record’s name.

---

3. Find words in the passage which mean the same as the following:

(a) A confused state – Muddle
(b) Disappointed – Depressed
(c) Science of speech sounds – Phonetics
(d) Sing with closed lips – Hum

---

4. Give your opinion of the customer in 20 words.

The customer was forgetful and impatient, but her self-awareness about her musical inability added a humorous touch.

---

5. Give a title to this passage and state why you have chosen it.

Title: “The Forgetful Customer”
Reason: The story revolves around the woman’s forgetfulness, which causes confusion and delays in finding the record she wanted.

Exercise 35.2 Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :-

The reader, by now, will be quite familiar with Parsi Rustomji’s name. he first become co-worker and then client. I won his confidence to such an extent that he sought and followed my advice in private domestic matters.
The friend once got into a very bad scrape. Though he kept me informed of most of his affairs, he had studiously kept back one thing. He was a large importer of goods and rested to smuggling. But he was at the best terms with the customs officials. So one suspected him.
But theft like quick-silver won’t be suppressed. Rustmoji came to me post-haste and told, ‘Bhai, I have deceived you. My guilt has been discovered. I have smuggled nd I am doomed; you alone may be able to save me from this predicament.” I calmed him, “To save or not save you go.
Rustomji’s name and fame were at stake, so he said, “I am entirely in your hand.”
I met the customs officers and apprised him of the whole affair. He said, “You know, I must be guided by the Attorney General and I would advise you to use all your persuasion with him.”
I entered into a correspondence with the Attorney General. He appreciated my complete frankness.
He finally into said, “I see you will never take a no far an answer.”
The case was settled by a compromise. He was to pay a penalty equal to twice the amount he had confessed to have smuggled. Rustmoji reduced to writing the facts of the whole case, got the paper framed and hung it up in his office to serve as a perpetual reminder to his heirs and fellow merchants.
The friends of Rustmoji warned me not to be taken in by this transitory contrition. When I told Rustomji about this warning he said : “What would be my fate if I deceived you?’

1. Answer the following questions briefly :

(a) What was Gandhiji’s profession at the incident?
(b) No one suspected Rustmoji for smuggling because ___________.
(c) Was Gandhiji able do as a penance for his illegal activities?
(d) What did Rustmoji do as a penance for illegal activities?
(e) How did Rustmoji reply to the warnings given to Gandhiji?

2. Find words in the passage which mean the same as the ones given below.

(a) mischief (para 2) ________________________________________________
(b) turned to (para 2) ____________________________________________
(c) informed (para 2) _____________________________________________
(d) constant (para 7) _____________________________________________
(e) repentence (para 8) ______________________________________________

3. Give a title to this passage and given a reason why you have chosen it.

Answers:
1. Answer the following questions briefly:

(a) What was Gandhiji’s profession at the incident?
Gandhiji was a lawyer at the time of this incident.

(b) No one suspected Rustomji for smuggling because ___________.
No one suspected Rustomji for smuggling because he was on the best terms with the customs officials.

(c) Was Gandhiji able to save Rustomji?
Yes, Gandhiji was able to help Rustomji by negotiating a settlement with the customs officials.

(d) What did Rustomji do as a penance for his illegal activities?
Rustomji confessed to his wrongdoing, paid a penalty twice the amount he had smuggled, and framed a written confession in his office to serve as a reminder.

(e) How did Rustomji reply to the warnings given to Gandhiji?
Rustomji replied by saying, “What would be my fate if I deceived you?” indicating his trust in Gandhiji and his commitment not to repeat his mistake.

---

2. Find words in the passage which mean the same as the ones given below:

(a) Mischief (para 2) – Scrape
(b) Turned to (para 2) – Resorted
(c) Informed (para 2) – Apprised
(d) Constant (para 7) – Perpetual
(e) Repentance (para 8) – Contrition

---

3. Give a title to this passage and give a reason why you have chosen it.

Title: “Rustomji’s Redemption”
Reason: The passage revolves around Rustomji’s involvement in smuggling and his ultimate repentance, with the help of Gandhiji. The title reflects his journey from guilt to redemption.

Exercise 35.3 Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :-

When we visited the volcano, it was in a state of eruption. We stood near the summit on an irregular plane; it was heaped up with tones and cinders and enormous rocks, which ad been hurled from the volcano in terrible confusion. From the summit, volumes of smoke and fountains of liquid fire poured forth continuously. The smoke, now white, now an impenetrable black, was accompanied by a deep roar. Fiery stones rained dowthing in, and the molten lava moved on with a horrible sound, devouring everything’s in its path.
We appoached the lower end of these lava rivers, where its speed was retarded by reduced slope. Its dark exterior surface broke upas it moved, and betrayed the liquid fire beneath. By daylight the fire was only just visible, but its presence was indicated by the white smoke and the tremulous motion of the air above.

1. Choose the correct answer.
(i) Where did the author and his party stand?
(a) on top of the volcano
(b) Very close to the top of the volcano?
(c) At the foot of the volcano
(d) In front of the volcano
(ii) What had been thrown out by the volcano?
(a) Stones, burnt out coal and rocks
(b) Stones, burnt wood and burnt charcoal.
(c) Hot metal pieces and huge rocks
(d) Hot, molten metal

(iii) What colour was the smoke?
(a) It was black
(b) It was white
(c) it was grey
(d) It changed colour, once it looked white, then black

(iv) What did the hot stones and lava do?
(a) It destroyed everything that came in its way
(b) It brought to life dead plants
(c) It removed all instructions on the way
(d) It killed many people

(v) Why did the river of lava flow at a lesser speed lower down?

(a) because the slope was steep
(d) because the slope was gradual
(c) because the lava was thicker there
(d) because there was many boulders

2. Match each of the words/phrases in column A with its synonyms in column B.

Column A	Column B
(i) eruption	a. molten lava
(ii) summit	b. showed down
(iii) hurled	c. revealed
(iv) confusion	d. thick
(v) liquid fire	e. outer
(vi) impenetrable	f. shown
(vii) betrayed	g. disarray
(viii) indicated	h. bursting
(ix) retarded	i. thrown
(x) exterior	j. top most point

3. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct word from the box :
devoured betrayed confusion enormous indicated

(i) At a recent BCCI meeting in Mumbai, inspite of a big crowd, there was no _________.
(ii) The presence of the fire was ___________ by the smoke coming out of the fourth floor.
(iii) The terrorist was caught __________ by the people he trusted.
(iv) The task was _________ yet the Indian cricket team succeeded in winning the Trophy.

Answers:
1. Choose the correct answer:

(i) Where did the author and his party stand?
(b) Very close to the top of the volcano

(ii) What had been thrown out by the volcano?
(a) Stones, burnt out coal, and rocks

(iii) What colour was the smoke?
(d) It changed colour, once it looked white, then black

(iv) What did the hot stones and lava do?
(a) It destroyed everything that came in its way

(v) Why did the river of lava flow at a lesser speed lower down?
(b) Because the slope was gradual

---

2. Match each of the words/phrases in column A with its synonyms in column B:

Column A	Column B
(i) eruption	(h) bursting
(ii) summit	(j) top most point
(iii) hurled	(i) thrown
(iv) confusion	(g) disarray
(v) liquid fire	(a) molten lava
(vi) impenetrable	(d) thick
(vii) betrayed	(c) revealed
(viii) indicated	(f) shown
(ix) retarded	(b) slowed down
(x) exterior	(e) outer

3. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct word from the box:

(i) At a recent BCCI meeting in Mumbai, in spite of a big crowd, there was no confusion.
(ii) The presence of the fire was indicated by the smoke coming out of the fourth floor.
(iii) The terrorist was caught betrayed by the people he trusted.
(iv) The task was enormous, yet the Indian cricket team succeeded in winning the Trophy.

Exercise 35.4 Read the following poem by Rabindranath Tagore and answer the questions that follow :-

I cannot Remember My Mother
I cannot remember my mother
Only sometimes in the midst of my play
a tune seems to hover over my playthings,
the tune of some song that she used to
hum while rocking my cradle.
I cannot remember my mother
but when in the early autumm morning
the smell of the shiuli flowers floats in the air
the scent of the morning service in the temple
comes to me as the scent of my mother.
I cannot remember my mother
Only when from my bedroom window I send
my eyes into the blue distant sky,
I feel that the stillness of my mother’s gaze on ,my face
has spread all over the sky.

1. The poet cannot remember his mother because ___________________________________________
2. The poet means by “a tune seems to hover over my plaything’s that ____________________________
3. The significance of shiuli flowers is,
(i) __________________________________ and (ii) ______________________________
4. Looking at the distant blue sky the poet is of a mother who _________________
5. The repetition of the first line expresses the poet’s feeling of :
(i) loss (ii) regret
6. The image of the absent mother created by the poet of a mother who ________________
7. Find a word in the poem which means the same as the following :
(i) to move about, but keep near (stanza 1) ___________________________________________
(ii) a smell, usually pleasing (stanza 2) ______________________________________________
(iii) without motion (stanza 3) _____________________________________________________
(iv) far away (stanza 3) __________________________________________________________
(v) a long intent look (stanza 3) ____________________________________________________

Answers:
1. The poet cannot remember his mother because

he was too young when she passed away, and his memories of her have faded.

2. The poet means by “a tune seems to hover over my plaything’s that

the memory of his mother’s lullaby or song, which she used to hum while rocking his cradle, occasionally resurfaces during his play.

3. The significance of shiuli flowers is,

(i) They remind the poet of his mother.
(ii) They evoke memories of the autumn season and the scent of morning prayers in the temple.

4. Looking at the distant blue sky, the poet is reminded of a mother who

gazed upon him with stillness and love, symbolizing her presence and care even in her absence.

5. The repetition of the first line expresses the poet’s feeling of:

(i) loss
The poet repeats “I cannot remember my mother” to emphasize the emotional distance and his inability to recall her clearly.

6. The image of the absent mother created by the poet is of a mother who

is ever-present in his memories and is symbolized by the sky, the scent of flowers, and the songs she used to hum, even though she is no longer physically with him.

7. Find a word in the poem which means the same as the following:

(i) to move about, but keep near (stanza 1) – hover
(ii) a smell, usually pleasing (stanza 2) – scent
(iii) without motion (stanza 3) – stillness
(iv) far away (stanza 3) – distant
(v) a long intent look (stanza 3) – gaze

Exercise 34.6 Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow :-

When the car had gone they were left standing alone, starting at the suddenly quiet house, they saw who it was who was to stay on at Mon Repos – a thin elderly man a white beard and spectacles on his nose. He did not notice them at all the trees. The girls stared at the trees, too wondering what he was looking at.
There seemed to be nothing here but then they heard a rustle and an ashy grey and russet bird flew out, trailing a long russet tail behind it as it came out of the foliage and around to the back of the house. The man lowered his binoculars with a sigh and drew out a book from his pocket and to scribble in it.
Lila and he sisters tiptoed around the corner and into the kitchen so as not to disturb him.
“What is he doing?” they whispered as they quietly washed the dishes that had been left behind in the sink.
“Who knows?” Lila shrugged. “He is here to study something,” the sahib said.
“Study what – the birds?” asked Bela, and Kamal laughed at the idea, it was so ridiculous.
“Any way, he won’t notice us at all – we just have to cook his meals and call him to come and eat them,” said Lila.
That was, he won’t they did. Now that they had not their mother to look after, or Hari or their father, they quietly cooked and marketed and swept and washed for the strange gentleman who never spoke to them, only glanced through his spectacles at the food when they called him for his meals and disappeared for the whole day sometimes they ran into him as he stumbled about the marsh, splashing through the mud and reeds, or siting very quietly on a stone under the tress, starting intently at everything – except people. He seemed hardly to notice that there were any people in Thul, they did not appear to interest him at all. But he was polite and quite and gave no trouble at all since he had neither complaints nor demands and so they did not mind his addities or even giggle at them much except, once when he stepped backwards of the log into the creek with a splash and they had to run to help him up and to retrieve his bag and paper were covered with careful pencil sketches of birds. They were wonderstruck.
“See he is studying the birds,’ whisper Bela as they knelt on the veranda tiles, carefully separating the wet sheets and spreading them out in the sun.
The strange gentleman came out of his room in dry clothes and stood watching them worriedly.
Then, “Thank you,” he said gratefully and took some money out of his pocket o give Bela and Kamal. “For sweets,” he said in a mumble, and hurried away in embarrassment.
He looked just as embarrassed when he paid Lila her salary at the end of the month and she whished out of sight as quickly as possible, then ran round the house and across the creek to their hut, laughing with joy It was wonderful to earn money. There was enough now to stock their kitchen with rice and tea and sugar, and Lila went every week to the hospital in Alibagh by bus to take some to their father who bought extra milk and fruits for their mother with it. The money made everything possible and Lila hoped the gentleman would stay on and on so that she could continue to earn money.”
But no one stops in the monsoon,” Kamal said . “Everyone goes away when the monsoon comes.
Only we stay.”

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) Name the village in which the story is set. What is the name of the house in which the girls worked?
(b) Who was the new occupant of the house? Why did the girls think he was strange?
(c) Give two reasons why Lila and her sisters did not laugh at the strange behaviour of their new employer.
(d) When did the girls realise that their employer really studied the birds?
(e) Their employer looked embarrassed twice while dealing with the girls. When and Why?Whatdoes it tell you about him?

2. Which words in the passage mean the same as.
(a) absurd : _______________________________________
(b) strangeness, peculiar : _____________________________________
(c) struck with astonishment : ___________________________________________
(d) damage : ______________________________________________________

3. Change the conversation between Lila and her sisters from Direct to Indirect Speech :-
Begin from : “What is he doing?” _______________________________
till “call him to eat them, said Lila”
4. Make sentences of your own of the following words. Do not use them in the same way as Notice, whisked, mind

Answer the following questions briefly:

(a) The village in which the story is set is Thul. The name of the house in which the girls worked is Mon Repos.

(b) The new occupant of the house was a thin, elderly man with a white beard and spectacles. The girls thought he was strange because he never noticed people, was always focused on birds, and never spoke much, except when called for meals.

(c) Lila and her sisters did not laugh at the strange behavior of their new employer because:

1. He never gave them any trouble, complaints, or demands.
2. He was polite, quiet, and paid them a salary that helped them manage their household.

(d) The girls realized that their employer really studied the birds when they saw his bag and papers covered with careful pencil sketches of birds after he fell into the creek.

(e) Their employer looked embarrassed:

1. When he gave Bela and Kamal money for sweets after they helped dry his wet sketches.
2. When he paid Lila her salary at the end of the month.

These incidents tell us that he was a shy and humble person who was uncomfortable with expressing gratitude or dealing with financial matters.

---

2. Which words in the passage mean the same as:

(a) absurd: ridiculous

(b) strangeness, peculiar: oddities

(c) struck with astonishment: wonderstruck

(d) damage: retreat

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3. Change the conversation between Lila and her sisters from Direct to Indirect Speech:

Lila’s sisters asked what the man was doing. Lila shrugged and replied that he was there to study something. Bela then asked if he was studying the birds, and Kamal laughed at the idea, thinking it was ridiculous. Lila added that he wouldn’t notice them at all, as they only had to cook his meals and call him to eat them.

---

4. Make sentences of your own using the following words:

Notice: I didn’t notice the time and ended up being late for the meeting.
Whisked: The wind whisked the papers off the table before I could grab them.
Mind: Please mind your step while walking on the icy pavement.

Exercise 35.7 Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow :-

The saving of certain wild animals from extinction has for many been a problem for zoologists and other specialists; but more recently the problem has become so acute, and has received so much publicity, that most people are now concerned about it. This may at first seem strange because one of the most satisfying developments of the last few years has been the passing of strict laws to protect wild satisfying developments of the last few years has been the passing of strict laws to protect wild animals are still threatened with extinction and even some of the less rare ones rapidly declining in number?
One reason is the ‘march of civilisation.’ When an area is wholly cleared of vegetation to make room for new towns, factory sites or hydroelectric plants, the natural home of several is destroyed. The displaced animals compete foe a living, the smaller the number that can hope to survive.
Civilisation brings too, swift, and easy transport and so assists those who are determined to break the various protective laws. Thieves can elude the game wardens, shoot an elephant for its tusks, a rhinoceros for its horn, or a deer for its meat, and be miles away from the site of the crime before the dead or dying victim is even discovered.
It is sad to reflect tat civilisation which an brings so many benefits to people who have previously known only hunger and misery, brings also facilities for the heartless criminals who, for material gain, will slaughter some harmless animals and threaten the disappearance of its kind from the earth forever.

1. Three words are given below. Give the meeting of each word as used in the passage. One – word answers or short phrases will be accepted.
(i) developments
(ii) consequent
(iii) reflect
2. Answer the following questions briefly and in your own words.
(i) “This may at first seem strange.” To what des the words ‘this’ refer?
(ii) Why does the author think ‘this’ may seem strange?
(iii) How does modern transport threaten the survival of wild animals?
(iv) Using a single sentence foe each, given the meaning of :-
(a) ‘pushing back’ the jungle
(b) complete for a living
(v) What can the sad reflection that the author makes in the last paragraph of the passage?
(vi) how can the thieves escape being caught after killing an animal?
(vii) What is the choice left before animals who are displaced from their homes?
3. Find words in the passage which mean same as :
(i) reducing (ii) helps (iii) live (iv) cruel
4. give a title to this passage and state why you have chosen it.

Answers:
1. Three words are given below. Give the meaning of each word as used in the passage.

(i) Developments – Progress or advancements
(ii) Consequent – Following as a result of something
(iii) Reflect – To think deeply or carefully about something

2. Answer the following questions briefly and in your own words.

(i) “This may at first seem strange.” To what do the words ‘this’ refer?
‘This’ refers to the fact that even though strict laws have been passed to protect wild animals, many species are still threatened with extinction.

(ii) Why does the author think ‘this’ may seem strange?
The author finds it strange because despite the protective laws, animals are still in danger of extinction, which is contrary to the expectation that these laws would be sufficient to save them.

(iii) How does modern transport threaten the survival of wild animals?
Modern transport makes it easier for poachers to evade the authorities, allowing them to kill animals and escape quickly before they can be caught.

(iv) Using a single sentence for each, give the meaning of: (a) ‘Pushing back’ the jungle – Clearing forests to make space for human development.
(b) Compete for a living – Struggling to survive due to limited resources.

(v) What is the sad reflection that the author makes in the last paragraph of the passage?
The author reflects sadly that while civilization brings many benefits to people, it also facilitates criminals who kill animals for profit, threatening their extinction.

(vi) How can the thieves escape being caught after killing an animal?
Thieves can escape being caught because modern transport allows them to quickly flee the scene of the crime before the authorities or game wardens can arrive.

(vii) What is the choice left before animals who are displaced from their homes?
Animals displaced from their homes must compete for survival, with many of them being unable to adapt and thus facing the possibility of extinction.

3. Find words in the passage which mean the same as:

(i) Reducing – Declining
(ii) Helps – Assists
(iii) Live – Survive
(iv) Cruel – Heartless

4. Give a title to this passage and state why you have chosen it.

Title: “The Threat to Wild Animals in a Modern World”
Reason: This title reflects the passage’s focus on how modern developments, such as civilization and transport, are threatening the survival of wild animals despite protective laws. Title: “The Threat to Wild Animals in a Modern World”
Reason: This title reflects the passage’s focus on how modern developments, such as civilization and transport, are threatening the survival of wild animals despite protective laws.

Exercise 35.8 Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow :-
One Night
As I lie on my bed and look outside
Through the window on my right
I state and admire the beauty
And calmness of the night
Which seems perfectly right
And it feels as if all my goals
are within sight.
I appreciate the speeding winds
which are making the tress sway
And just when I say to myself
“Oh! what a day!’
The fragrance of that air mixed
with traces of freshness and change
Help me to bring to life all my dreams.
Ans before I know, it already starts to rain
And just then I say t myself
Now, nothing will be the same ,
“It’s time for much needed change.”
The first drops of water that fall on my face
seem like a perfect embrace
It completely rejuvenates all my sense
Awakens and energises my soul
After Which I am all set to face the world
I celebrate all the good and bad
Things that happen to me today
And regret about what went astray
Although regretting doesn’t make much sense.
And it’s much later that I realise
what is meant
Even in that wrong years ago
was a hidden right
And maybe because of that I am
Where I am tonight.
Then I take one deep breath
And put all my thoughts to rest
And simply hope for the best.

1. Find words in the passage which mean the same as the following.
(i) to value
(ii) sweet smell
(iii) doing something enjoyable
(iv) to feel sorry for something
(v) gone wrong

2. Fill in the blanks.

the poet lying in bed at night felt at __________________ and thought he could easily achieve ________________. He was just going to say that it was a _____________ it started ________________. The poet is _________ and ___________ by the rain and he feels as if _____________ by the rain. He remember the ________ and ___________ things that occurred that day and something that went _______________. Putting _____________ aside, the poet, that everything will turn out to be ________________ in the end.

3. Explain the phrases (i) perfectly right (ii) within sight (iii) set to face, in your own words
4. Do you think the title is appropriate? Give reasons for your answer.

Answers:
1. Find words in the passage which mean the same as the following:

(i) to value – appreciate
(ii) sweet smell – fragrance
(iii) doing something enjoyable – celebrate
(iv) to feel sorry for something – regret
(v) gone wrong – astray

2. Fill in the blanks:

The poet lying in bed at night felt at peace and thought he could easily achieve his goals. He was just going to say that it was a perfect day when it started to rain. The poet is awakened and energized by the rain, and he feels as if embraced by the rain. He remembers the good and bad things that occurred that day and something that went astray. Putting regrets aside, the poet hopes that everything will turn out to be for the best in the end.

3. Explain the phrases:

(i) Perfectly right – This phrase refers to the feeling of everything being in its proper place, where the poet feels peace and contentment.
(ii) Within sight – This means that the poet feels his goals and dreams are close and achievable, as if they are just ahead of him.
(iii) Set to face – This phrase means being fully prepared or ready to confront challenges and tackle the world with new energy and confidence.

4. Do you think the title is appropriate? Give reasons for your answer.

Yes, the title “One Night” is appropriate because the entire poem captures the poet’s reflections and feelings during a single night. The poet describes how the calm and beauty of the night, combined with the rain, bring a sense of change, rejuvenation, and a deeper understanding of life. The title encapsulates the transformative experience the poet undergoes during that particular night, making it fitting for the theme of the poem.

Letter Writing Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with Solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Letter Writing

Exercise 34.1

1. You are Munish living in Bangaluru. Your penfriend from New Jersey, USA is visiting India next week. He has sent you a letter asking you about places to visit in Bengaluru, where to stay and what to buy as souvenirs. Write a letter giving him all the details.
2. You are Avinash. You saw “Taare Zameen Par” and was very impressed by the movie. Write a letter o your friend asking him to watch this movie. Tell him why you liked it.
3. You are delighted by Indian cricket team winning the “Border-Gavaskar Trophy” and crushing Australia. Write a letter to your friend, who lives in Dubai, telling him the highlights of the game and what you thought of the Australian players.
4. Your brother is extremely disappointed at not being elected the school captain. Write a letter of encouragement to him and ask him to move on and try for better things in life.
5. You failed to meet your friend at the airport, and he left India without meting you. Write a letter of apology to him explaining why you couldn’t meet him.
6. Your grandfather celebrates his 90th birthday next week. Write a letter to him expressing your joy and love for him.

Answers:
1. Letter to Penfriend about Bengaluru

Munish
Bengaluru
18th November 2024

Dear [Friend’s Name],

I am so excited to hear that you’ll be visiting India next week! Bengaluru is a wonderful city, and I’m sure you’ll enjoy your time here. Let me give you a few suggestions on where to go, stay, and what to buy.

For places to visit, I recommend starting with Cubbon Park and Lalbagh Botanical Garden—both are peaceful and beautiful. You can also visit the Bangalore Palace for a glimpse of royal history and the ISKCON Temple for some spiritual peace. If you’re interested in technology, the Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum is fascinating. Don’t miss Nandi Hills for a great sunrise experience!

For accommodation, you can consider staying in MG Road or Indiranagar—both areas have great hotels and are centrally located. The Oberoi and Taj West End are luxury options, while Treebo Hotels offer more budget-friendly choices.

As for souvenirs, Bengaluru is known for its silk and sandalwood. You can buy Mysore Silk sarees and sandalwood products from Cauvery Emporium. Handicrafts and coffee from local markets are also great keepsakes.

Looking forward to meeting you soon! Let me know if you need any more information.

Best regards,
Munish

---

2. Letter about “Taare Zameen Par”

Avinash
Delhi
18th November 2024

Dear [Friend’s Name],

I hope this letter finds you well. I recently watched a movie called “Taare Zameen Par” and was completely blown away. I just had to write to you and recommend that you watch it as soon as you can.

The movie is about a boy named Ishaan, who struggles with dyslexia but isn’t understood by his teachers or even his parents. What I loved most about the movie was how it brings out the importance of recognizing and nurturing a child’s unique talents instead of forcing them to fit into societal expectations. The emotional depth and the way Aamir Khan portrayed the teacher who helps Ishaan is simply outstanding.

It’s a film that touches your heart and makes you reflect on how we perceive education and creativity. Trust me, you’ll love it as much as I did. Let me know what you think after you watch it!

Take care,
Avinash

---

3. Letter about the Border-Gavaskar Trophy

[Your Name]
Mumbai
18th November 2024

Dear [Friend’s Name],

I hope you’re doing well in Dubai! I just had to share the amazing news—the Indian cricket team has won the Border-Gavaskar Trophy and crushed Australia in an incredible series!

The final match was especially thrilling, with India dominating in all aspects of the game. Our bowlers, especially Jasprit Bumrah and Ravichandran Ashwin, were outstanding. They kept the Australian batsmen under pressure throughout. And the Indian batsmen? Virat Kohli and Rohit Sharma were just phenomenal! Kohli’s century in the second innings was the turning point.

I must say, I found the Australian players a bit lacking this time, especially their bowlers. They just couldn’t match our team’s energy and skill. It was a series to remember, and I can’t wait for the next one!

Hope to hear from you soon.

Best,
[Your Name]

---

4. Letter of Encouragement to Your Brother

[Your Name]
Chennai
18th November 2024

Dear [Brother’s Name],

I just heard about you not being elected the school captain, and I know you must be feeling disappointed. But I want to remind you that setbacks are a part of life. This one instance does not define your abilities or potential.

Remember, there are bigger and better things waiting for you. You have so many talents, and I’m sure opportunities will come your way where you’ll shine even brighter. Sometimes, not getting something we want opens the door to something greater.

Take this as a learning experience, and don’t be too hard on yourself. I believe in you, and I know you’ll achieve amazing things. Keep your head high and keep moving forward!

With lots of love,
[Your Name]

---

5. Letter of Apology for Missing a Meeting at the Airport

[Your Name]
Hyderabad
18th November 2024

Dear [Friend’s Name],

I feel terrible that I couldn’t meet you at the airport before you left India. Please accept my sincere apologies for not being there as promised. Unfortunately, I was stuck in a situation I couldn’t avoid, and by the time I reached, you had already left.

I know how much we were both looking forward to meeting, and I regret that it didn’t happen. I hope you understand that it wasn’t intentional, and I hope to make it up to you the next time you visit.

Please let me know how your trip went, and I hope we can meet soon under better circumstances.

With my deepest apologies,
[Your Name]

---

6. Letter to Grandfather on His 90th Birthday

[Your Name]
Pune
18th November 2024

Dear Grandpa,

I hope this letter finds you in good health. I can’t express how happy I am as your 90th birthday approaches! It’s such a special occasion, and I feel incredibly blessed to have you in my life.

You have always been my guiding light, teaching me the values of kindness, patience, and hard work. Your wisdom and stories have shaped who I am today, and I’m so grateful for all the love you’ve given me over the years.

I wish you a wonderful birthday filled with joy, laughter, and love. I’ll be there soon to celebrate this special day with you, and I’m really looking forward to it!

With lots of love,
[Your Name]

Letter Writing

Exercise 32.2

1. You are Seema Bharatiya . You wish to place an order for a copy of the book ‘It was Five Minutes Past Midnight’ written by Dominique Lappierre, with Messrs UBS Publishers and Distrubutors, Ansari Road , Delhi. Write a letter requesting them to mail you a copy by VPP.
2. You and your friends are doing a project on “How Glass is Made”. You wish to visit the glass factory which is close to your town. Write a letter to the Manager, Mr Vithal Bhai, seeking permission to allow your group to visit the factory at a date and time suitable to him.
3. You had ordered some books from Messrs Sita Prakashan. On receipt of the package you find that the books are not the same as ordered by you. Write a letter of complaint asking them to replace the books.
4. You are Prem Butalia. You and your friends are interested in going for a sightseeing trip to Goa. Write a letter to Messrs Joy Travels who conduct package tours asking them to give you details of the tour.
5. You are Saurav Gangadhar. You wish to order a pair of football shoes from a shop. Modern Sports located in Karol Bagh. Write a letter to the proprietor asking him to send you the pair of shoes. Give him details, such as size, brand, colour and the mode of dispatch.
6. Mrs Sandra Mathews has invited all her office colleagues for a New Year Eve dinner at her house. Draft a suitable invitation on her behalf.
7. Mr & Mrs Khan’s son is returning from the USA after completing his MBA from the Harvard Business College. They wish to invite their friends to dinner at Hotel Taj in honor of his return. Write the invitation on their behalf.
8. Mr % Mrs Ranade wish to acknowledge and accept the invitation given to them by Mr & Mrs Khan (Exercise 7 above). Write their informal reply.
9. You are the Vice-Head Boy of your school studying in Class XII students auditorium. Write an informal invitation for them.

Answers:
1. Letter to UBS Publishers for Ordering a Book

Seema Bharatiya
Laxmi Nagar
Delhi
18th November 2024

Messrs UBS Publishers and Distributors
Ansari Road
Delhi

Subject: Request to Order a Copy of the Book ‘It was Five Minutes Past Midnight’

Dear Sir/Madam,

I hope this letter finds you well. I wish to place an order for a copy of the book titled “It was Five Minutes Past Midnight” written by Dominique Lapierre. Kindly mail me a copy of the book by VPP (Value Payable Post) at the earliest.

Please find my address below:
Seema Bharatiya
Laxmi Nagar
Delhi – 110092

Thank you for your attention to this request. I look forward to receiving the book soon.

Yours sincerely,
Seema Bharatiya

---

2. Letter Seeking Permission to Visit a Glass Factory

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

Mr. Vithal Bhai
Manager
Glass Factory
[Location]

Subject: Permission to Visit the Glass Factory for Project Work

Dear Mr. Vithal Bhai,

I hope you are doing well. I, along with a group of my friends, am currently working on a project titled “How Glass is Made.” We are keen to gain practical knowledge by visiting your esteemed factory, which is close to our town.

We kindly request your permission to allow our group to visit the factory at a date and time convenient for you. This visit will help us understand the process of glassmaking firsthand, and we will ensure to follow all safety protocols during our visit.

We look forward to your favorable response.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

---

3. Letter of Complaint for Incorrect Book Order

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

Messrs Sita Prakashan
[Address]

Subject: Complaint Regarding Incorrect Book Order

Dear Sir/Madam,

I hope this letter finds you well. I recently placed an order for books with your publication house. Unfortunately, upon receiving the package, I found that the books sent were not the ones I had ordered.

Kindly replace the books with the correct ones at the earliest. I would appreciate it if the replacement could be made promptly, as I require the books for an upcoming project. Please find attached the order details and list of the correct books I requested.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

---

4. Letter to Joy Travels for Details on a Trip to Goa

Prem Butalia
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

Messrs Joy Travels
[Address]

Subject: Request for Details of a Package Tour to Goa

Dear Sir/Madam,

I hope you are doing well. My friends and I are planning a sightseeing trip to Goa and are interested in the package tours conducted by your travel agency.

Could you kindly provide us with details of the tour packages available, including the itinerary, cost, accommodation options, and the duration of the trip? We are planning to travel in the first week of December, so we would appreciate receiving the information at your earliest convenience.

Thank you for your assistance. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely,
Prem Butalia

---

5. Letter to Modern Sports for Ordering Football Shoes

Saurav Gangadhar
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

Modern Sports
Karol Bagh
Delhi

Subject: Order for Football Shoes

Dear Sir/Madam,

I hope this letter finds you well. I would like to place an order for a pair of football shoes from your shop. Below are the details of my requirement:

• Brand: Nike
• Size: UK 9
• Color: Black with white stripes
• Mode of Dispatch: Please send the shoes via courier to the address provided below.

Please confirm the availability of the shoes and the total cost, including shipping charges, so I can make the payment accordingly.

Shipping Address:
Saurav Gangadhar
[Your Address]

Thank you, and I look forward to receiving the shoes soon.

Yours sincerely,
Saurav Gangadhar

---

6. Invitation for New Year’s Eve Dinner

Mrs. Sandra Mathews
invites you to a
New Year’s Eve Dinner

Date: 31st December 2024
Time: 7:30 PM
Venue: [Mrs. Mathews’ House Address]

Let’s celebrate the start of a new year together with joy and laughter!

RSVP: [Phone Number]

---

7. Invitation for Dinner to Celebrate Son’s Return

Mr. and Mrs. Khan
cordially invite you to a
Dinner in honor of their son’s return from the USA
after completing his MBA from Harvard Business College.

Date: 25th November 2024
Time: 7:00 PM
Venue: Hotel Taj, [Location]

We look forward to celebrating this special occasion with you!

RSVP: [Phone Number]

---

8. Informal Reply to Invitation

Dear Mr. and Mrs. Khan,

Thank you so much for your kind invitation to the dinner in honor of your son’s return. We are delighted to hear about his achievement and look forward to celebrating with you on the 25th at Hotel Taj.

We wish him continued success and are excited to be part of this joyous occasion.

With best regards,
Mr. and Mrs. Ranade

---

9. Informal Invitation to Class XII Students for Auditorium Meeting

Dear Class XII Students,

You are invited to attend a meeting in the school auditorium to discuss important updates regarding the upcoming annual event.

Date: 20th November 2024
Time: 11:00 AM
Venue: School Auditorium

Your participation is important as we will be finalizing crucial details for the event. Looking forward to seeing you there!

Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Vice-Head Boy

Application Letter

Exercise 34.3 Now read he situations and draft suitable applications for jobs :-

1. You are Anil. You have done your M. Sc. in Maths from Delhi University and have also done your B/Ed from CIE, Delhi. You have seen an advertisement of G.D. Hansarj School in the ‘Hindustan Times’, dated 12 December, 2013 asking for PGT Maths. Apply in response to the advertisement.
2. You are Sushila. You come across the following advertisement (HT, 24th Aug., 2016) :
“Wanted good looking models. Male/Female for print ads for writer designer wears”. Write within five days with suitable photographs to Manager, New Designer Wears, 5-16, Lajpat Nagar IV, New Delhi.
3. You are Meena Butalia. Write an application to the Manager, MTNL Exchange, 21 Mathura Road, New Delhi for the post of a Telephone Operator.
4. You are Sushma Sareen. You have just completed your B.Com from Chennai. You come across an advertisement in a local newspaper about a Correspondence Couse offered by Vivekananda Institute of Education and Research. Write an application seeking admission to the course in Banking Laws.
5. Messrs Mehrason’s Superstores are looking for smart, graduate girls and boys who are fluent in English to serve in their stores as counter boys and girls They have announced a handsome salary. You are Preeti Raghvan. Write an application for the job.
6. You are Pawan Walia. You are working in parihar exports. You need one month’s leave as your sister’s marriage has been fixed and you to go to your hometown Meerut to make arrangements for the wedding. Write an application asking for leave.
7. You are Soina. You are working with Wari stores as their Floor Manager. You are on leave but you have fallen sick and will not be able to resume duties on the date scheduled. Write a letter to the Manager, Wari Stores, explaining your reasons for not being able to join on time. Request him to extend your leave by another 15 days.
8. You are Mimi. You have just completed your Graduation. Write an application to the Director, Young Women’s Christian Association asking them to enrol you for their next six month Travel and Tourism Course.

Answers:
1. Application for the Post of PGT Maths

Anil
[Your Address]
Delhi – [Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Principal
G.D. Hansarj School
[School Address]

Subject: Application for the Post of PGT Maths

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of PGT Maths, as advertised in the Hindustan Times on 12th December 2013. I have completed my M.Sc. in Mathematics from Delhi University and hold a B.Ed. degree from the CIE, Delhi.

With my academic qualifications and teaching experience, I am confident that I possess the necessary skills to contribute effectively to your school. I am passionate about teaching Mathematics and have a deep understanding of the subject, along with the ability to communicate complex concepts in an easy-to-understand manner.

Please find my resume attached for your consideration. I am looking forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications in further detail.

Thank you for considering my application.

Yours sincerely,
Anil

---

2. Application for the Post of Model

Sushila
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Manager
New Designer Wears
5-16, Lajpat Nagar IV
New Delhi

Subject: Application for the Post of Model

Dear Sir/Madam,

I came across your advertisement in the Hindustan Times, dated 24th August 2016, seeking good-looking male and female models for print advertisements for designer wear. I am very interested in applying for this position.

I have attached my photographs and personal details with this application. I believe my appearance and confidence would make me a suitable candidate for the role. I am eager to discuss how I can contribute to your upcoming projects.

I look forward to your positive response.

Yours sincerely,
Sushila

---

3. Application for the Post of Telephone Operator

Meena Butalia
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Manager
MTNL Exchange
21 Mathura Road
New Delhi

Subject: Application for the Post of Telephone Operator

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of Telephone Operator at your MTNL Exchange, as advertised. I believe that my skills and qualifications make me a suitable candidate for this role.

I have completed my education and am proficient in handling calls, maintaining records, and providing excellent customer service. I have a good command over communication skills and am quick to learn any software or procedures that are required.

Kindly find my resume attached for your review. I would appreciate the opportunity to meet and discuss my application further.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours sincerely,
Meena Butalia

---

4. Application for Admission to the Correspondence Course in Banking Laws

Sushma Sareen
[Your Address]
Chennai
18th November 2024

The Director
Vivekananda Institute of Education and Research
[Institute Address]

Subject: Application for Admission to the Correspondence Course in Banking Laws

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to express my interest in enrolling for the Correspondence Course in Banking Laws offered by your institute. I have recently completed my B.Com from Chennai and wish to expand my knowledge in the field of banking and law.

I believe that this course will help me build a strong foundation for my career. Kindly provide me with the necessary information regarding the course structure, admission process, and fees.

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely,
Sushma Sareen

---

5. Application for the Job of Counter Boy/Girl

Preeti Raghvan
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Manager
Mehrason’s Superstores
[Store Address]

Subject: Application for the Job of Counter Boy/Girl

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of Counter Boy/Girl at your esteemed store. I am a graduate and fluent in English, as required in your advertisement. I believe my communication skills and customer service experience would make me a great fit for this position.

I am keen to work with your team and contribute to providing excellent customer service at your store. Please find my resume attached for your review.

I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.

Yours sincerely,
Preeti Raghvan

---

6. Application for One-Month Leave

Pawan Walia
Parihar Exports
[Company Address]
18th November 2024

The Manager
Parihar Exports
[Company Address]

Subject: Request for One-Month Leave

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to request one month’s leave from work as my sister’s wedding has been scheduled, and I need to travel to my hometown, Meerut, to make necessary arrangements for the event.

I kindly request you to grant me leave from 1st December to 31st December 2024. I assure you that I will complete all my pending tasks before my leave and ensure a smooth handover.

Thank you for your understanding and support.

Yours sincerely,
Pawan Walia

---

7. Application for Extension of Leave

Soina
Floor Manager
Wari Stores
[Store Address]
18th November 2024

The Manager
Wari Stores
[Store Address]

Subject: Request for Extension of Leave

Dear Sir,

I hope this letter finds you well. I am currently on leave due to illness and, unfortunately, I am not yet fully recovered. I will not be able to resume my duties on the scheduled date.

I kindly request you to extend my leave by an additional 15 days until 5th December 2024. I sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused and assure you that I will be back to work once I have fully recovered.

Thank you for your understanding and support.

Yours sincerely,
Soina

---

8. Application for Enrollment in Travel and Tourism Course

Mimi
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Director
Young Women’s Christian Association
[Address]

Subject: Application for Enrollment in Travel and Tourism Course

Dear Sir/Madam,

I have recently completed my Graduation and am eager to pursue a career in the travel and tourism industry. I came across the six-month Travel and Tourism Course offered by your organization and would like to apply for admission.

I am confident that this course will provide me with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in this field. Please provide me with the necessary information regarding the admission process and course details.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours sincerely,
Mimi

Letters to Editor

Exercise 34.4 Write the following letters to the Editor of a national newspaper :-
1. You are Varun. You are quite concerned about the bad conditions of roads in your locality. You have been writing to the local authorities about it but no action has been taken so far. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper highlighting the plight of the residents due to the bad conditions of the roads and the callous attitude of the local authorities.
2. You are Sabina. Every time you stop at the red light crossing, you find a number of beggars who swarm around the cars begging for alms. You have also noticed that recently the number of child beggars is increasing. Write a letter to the Editor, Times of India, stating your opinion. Suggest that it is high time that citizens learn to do things on their own rather than sit and criticize the Government.
3. The disaster at Badrinath and kedarnath has shocked the nation with stories still pouring in about the missing and the dead You are Abhinav/Asha. You are concerned as a student, and want to help in some way. Write a letter to the Editor, Times of India, stating your opinion. Suggest that it is high time that citizens learn to do things on their own rather than sit and criticise the Government.
4. Most holy places in our country are very vulnerable places for pickpokets or kidnappers to play their dirty tricks on unsuspecting pilgrims . You are saddened to see this deplorable side of human character. Write a letter to the Editor of a National Daily stating your views.
5. Recently, you were travelling in a bus in which a number of college boys and girls were travllings too. You noticed that some bullies did not buy any ticket. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper highlighting this giving some effective solutions for the problem.
6. The TV and the Computer have been blamed for reduced book reading habits among children. You feel that there are still better ways in which parents and teachers can promote reading habits amongst children.
7. You live in a small town which does not have even a public park. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper highlighting the need of a park.

Answers:
1. Application for the Post of PGT Maths

Anil
[Your Address]
Delhi – [Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Principal
G.D. Hansarj School
[School Address]

Subject: Application for the Post of PGT Maths

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of PGT Maths, as advertised in the Hindustan Times on 12th December 2013. I have completed my M.Sc. in Mathematics from Delhi University and hold a B.Ed. degree from the CIE, Delhi.

With my academic qualifications and teaching experience, I am confident that I possess the necessary skills to contribute effectively to your school. I am passionate about teaching Mathematics and have a deep understanding of the subject, along with the ability to communicate complex concepts in an easy-to-understand manner.

Please find my resume attached for your consideration. I am looking forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications in further detail.

Thank you for considering my application.

Yours sincerely,
Anil

---

2. Application for the Post of Model

Sushila
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Manager
New Designer Wears
5-16, Lajpat Nagar IV
New Delhi

Subject: Application for the Post of Model

Dear Sir/Madam,

I came across your advertisement in the Hindustan Times, dated 24th August 2016, seeking good-looking male and female models for print advertisements for designer wear. I am very interested in applying for this position.

I have attached my photographs and personal details with this application. I believe my appearance and confidence would make me a suitable candidate for the role. I am eager to discuss how I can contribute to your upcoming projects.

I look forward to your positive response.

Yours sincerely,
Sushila

---

3. Application for the Post of Telephone Operator

Meena Butalia
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Manager
MTNL Exchange
21 Mathura Road
New Delhi

Subject: Application for the Post of Telephone Operator

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of Telephone Operator at your MTNL Exchange, as advertised. I believe that my skills and qualifications make me a suitable candidate for this role.

I have completed my education and am proficient in handling calls, maintaining records, and providing excellent customer service. I have a good command over communication skills and am quick to learn any software or procedures that are required.

Kindly find my resume attached for your review. I would appreciate the opportunity to meet and discuss my application further.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours sincerely,
Meena Butalia

---

4. Application for Admission to the Correspondence Course in Banking Laws

Sushma Sareen
[Your Address]
Chennai
18th November 2024

The Director
Vivekananda Institute of Education and Research
[Institute Address]

Subject: Application for Admission to the Correspondence Course in Banking Laws

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to express my interest in enrolling for the Correspondence Course in Banking Laws offered by your institute. I have recently completed my B.Com from Chennai and wish to expand my knowledge in the field of banking and law.

I believe that this course will help me build a strong foundation for my career. Kindly provide me with the necessary information regarding the course structure, admission process, and fees.

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely,
Sushma Sareen

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5. Application for the Job of Counter Boy/Girl

Preeti Raghvan
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Manager
Mehrason’s Superstores
[Store Address]

Subject: Application for the Job of Counter Boy/Girl

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of Counter Boy/Girl at your esteemed store. I am a graduate and fluent in English, as required in your advertisement. I believe my communication skills and customer service experience would make me a great fit for this position.

I am keen to work with your team and contribute to providing excellent customer service at your store. Please find my resume attached for your review.

I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.

Yours sincerely,
Preeti Raghvan

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6. Application for One-Month Leave

Pawan Walia
Parihar Exports
[Company Address]
18th November 2024

The Manager
Parihar Exports
[Company Address]

Subject: Request for One-Month Leave

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to request one month’s leave from work as my sister’s wedding has been scheduled, and I need to travel to my hometown, Meerut, to make necessary arrangements for the event.

I kindly request you to grant me leave from 1st December to 31st December 2024. I assure you that I will complete all my pending tasks before my leave and ensure a smooth handover.

Thank you for your understanding and support.

Yours sincerely,
Pawan Walia

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7. Application for Extension of Leave

Soina
Floor Manager
Wari Stores
[Store Address]
18th November 2024

The Manager
Wari Stores
[Store Address]

Subject: Request for Extension of Leave

Dear Sir,

I hope this letter finds you well. I am currently on leave due to illness and, unfortunately, I am not yet fully recovered. I will not be able to resume my duties on the scheduled date.

I kindly request you to extend my leave by an additional 15 days until 5th December 2024. I sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused and assure you that I will be back to work once I have fully recovered.

Thank you for your understanding and support.

Yours sincerely,
Soina

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8. Application for Enrollment in Travel and Tourism Course

Mimi
[Your Address]
[Pin Code]
18th November 2024

The Director
Young Women’s Christian Association
[Address]

Subject: Application for Enrollment in Travel and Tourism Course

Dear Sir/Madam,

I have recently completed my Graduation and am eager to pursue a career in the travel and tourism industry. I came across the six-month Travel and Tourism Course offered by your organization and would like to apply for admission.

I am confident that this course will provide me with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in this field. Please provide me with the necessary information regarding the admission process and course details.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Yours sincerely,
Mimi

4o mini

You said:

Exercise 34.4 Write the following letters to the Editor of a national newspaper :-

1. You are Varun. You are quite concerned about the bad conditions of roads in your locality. You have been writing to the local authorities about it but no action has been taken so far. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper highlighting the plight of the residents due to the bad conditions of the roads and the callous attitude of the local authorities.

2. You are Sabina. Every time you stop at the red light crossing, you find a number of beggars who swarm around the cars begging for alms. You have also noticed that recently the number of child beggars is increasing. Write a letter to the Editor, Times of India, stating your opinion. Suggest that it is high time that citizens learn to do things on their own rather than sit and criticize the Government.

3. The disaster at Badrinath and kedarnath has shocked the nation with stories still pouring in about the missing and the dead You are Abhinav/Asha. You are concerned as a student, and want to help in some way. Write a letter to the Editor, Times of India, stating your opinion. Suggest that it is high time that citizens learn to do things on their own rather than sit and criticise the Government.

4. Most holy places in our country are very vulnerable places for pickpokets or kidnappers to play their dirty tricks on unsuspecting pilgrims . You are saddened to see this deplorable side of human character. Write a letter to the Editor of a National Daily stating your views.

5. Recently, you were travelling in a bus in which a number of college boys and girls were travllings too. You noticed that some bullies did not buy any ticket. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper highlighting this giving some effective solutions for the problem. 6. The TV and the Computer have been blamed for reduced book reading habits among children. You feel that there are still better ways in which parents and teachers can promote reading habits amongst children. 7. You live in a small town which does not have even a public park. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper highlighting the need of a park.

1. Letter about Bad Conditions of Roads

Varun
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
[Newspaper Name]
[Newspaper Address]

Subject: Poor Condition of Roads in Our Locality

Dear Sir/Madam,

I would like to bring to your attention the deplorable condition of the roads in our locality. Despite multiple complaints lodged with the local authorities, no action has been taken so far to address the issue. The roads are full of potholes, making it extremely dangerous for pedestrians and vehicles alike. This has not only led to several accidents but also makes commuting a daily struggle for the residents.

The authorities’ callous attitude is deeply concerning, and we are left with no option but to highlight this issue through your esteemed newspaper. I request you to publish this letter so that the concerned authorities may take swift action and relieve the residents of this daily hardship.

Yours sincerely,
Varun

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2. Letter about Increasing Child Beggars

Sabina
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
Times of India
[Address]

Subject: Rising Number of Child Beggars at Traffic Signals

Dear Sir/Madam,

Every time I stop at a red light crossing, I am swarmed by a number of beggars seeking alms, many of whom are children. It is heartbreaking to see these young ones deprived of education and a decent life. Instead of addressing the root cause of this issue, we, as citizens, often just criticize the Government without taking any meaningful steps to help.

I believe it is high time we, as a society, take responsibility and work towards rehabilitation programs for these children. Public awareness campaigns, stricter enforcement of child protection laws, and encouraging education could go a long way in reducing this issue.

I hope your esteemed newspaper can help highlight this growing concern and push for actionable solutions.

Yours sincerely,
Sabina

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3. Letter about the Disaster in Badrinath and Kedarnath

Abhinav/Asha
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
Times of India
[Address]

Subject: Concerns Over the Badrinath-Kedarnath Disaster

Dear Sir/Madam,

The recent disaster at Badrinath and Kedarnath has shocked the entire nation, with stories of missing and deceased individuals still surfacing. As a student, I feel deeply concerned about the situation and wish to contribute in some meaningful way.

Rather than merely criticizing the Government’s efforts, I believe it is time for citizens to step up and contribute to the rehabilitation and recovery process. Volunteering with NGOs, donating to relief funds, and raising awareness about disaster preparedness can help prevent such large-scale devastation in the future.

I request your esteemed newspaper to highlight this issue and encourage citizens to play an active role in rebuilding the affected regions.

Yours sincerely,
Abhinav/Asha

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4. Letter about Safety at Holy Places

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
[Newspaper Name]
[Newspaper Address]

Subject: Safety Concerns at Holy Places

Dear Sir/Madam,

It is disheartening to observe that holy places in our country have become vulnerable spots for pickpockets and kidnappers. Unsuspecting pilgrims fall victim to these criminals, which not only mars their spiritual experience but also reflects the deplorable state of humanity in such places.

It is important that security measures be enhanced at these locations, including the installation of surveillance cameras, increased police patrolling, and educating pilgrims about safeguarding their belongings. I hope your esteemed publication can bring attention to this issue and urge authorities to take the necessary steps.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

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5. Letter about College Students Not Buying Bus Tickets

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
[Newspaper Name]
[Newspaper Address]

Subject: College Students Evading Bus Tickets

Dear Sir/Madam,

I recently traveled by bus and noticed that several college students traveling in the same bus deliberately evaded buying tickets. This behavior not only reflects dishonesty but also deprives the transportation system of revenue.

I believe stricter checks should be implemented on buses, and conductors should be empowered to impose penalties on defaulters. Moreover, awareness should be raised among students about their responsibility as citizens to follow rules. I hope your esteemed newspaper can highlight this issue and encourage responsible behavior among the youth.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

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6. Letter about Promoting Reading Habits Among Children

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
[Newspaper Name]
[Newspaper Address]

Subject: Promoting Reading Habits Among Children

Dear Sir/Madam,

It is widely believed that the growing popularity of television and computers has led to a decline in reading habits among children. While these technologies are often blamed, I believe there are still better ways for parents and teachers to promote reading.

Organizing reading sessions, introducing engaging books, and encouraging visits to libraries can go a long way in fostering a love for reading. Schools and communities should also promote book clubs and reading challenges to make the habit more appealing to children.

I hope your esteemed newspaper can shed light on this issue and offer constructive suggestions for promoting reading habits among young minds.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

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7. Letter about the Need for a Public Park

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
[Newspaper Name]
[Newspaper Address]

Subject: Need for a Public Park in Our Town

Dear Sir/Madam,

I live in a small town that, unfortunately, does not have a single public park. The lack of such a recreational space is greatly felt by the residents, especially children and the elderly, who have no proper area to relax, exercise, or spend time outdoors.

A public park would not only improve the quality of life in our town but also encourage a healthy and active lifestyle. I request you to publish this letter to bring this concern to the attention of the local authorities, hoping they will take the necessary steps to address this need.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

Exercise 34.5 Attempt the following letters :-
1. You are Krishna, living in Ajmer. You have recently seen a movie (film). Write a letter to your brother describing how you enjoyed the movie. You may touch upon the following points :-
(i) When did you see the movie?
(ii) Who else accompanied you?
(iii) What was the theme of the movie?
(iv) How did you enjoy yourself at the movie?
(v) What did you learn from it?
2. You are Shiva. Your school is organising an eductional tour. Write a letter to your father requesting him to allow you go to on the tour and to send you money. You may touch upon the following points :-
(i) The dates of the tour
(ii) The places to be visited
(iii) Your interest
(iv) The amount of money needed
(v) Request and thanks
3. Write a letter to your younger brother, advising him to read newspaper. Tell him why newspaper are necessary for education; how they bring not only news but opinions on social, economic and political subjects also.
4. Write a letter to the Headmaster of your school asking for leave due to illness.
5. Write a letter to the Health Officer district requesting him to take immediate steps against the spread of cholera in your village.
6. Write a letter to the Superintendent of Police complaining about the behaviour of a policeman on patrol duty.
7. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper complaining of the frequent break-down of electricity in your locality.
8. Write a letter to the manager of a local mill seeking his permission to visit the mill. Give the number of students and the date on which you propose to visit.

Answers:
1. Letter to Brother Describing a Movie Experience

Krishna
Ajmer
18th November 2024

Dear Brother,

I hope you are doing well. Last weekend, I had a wonderful time as I went to watch a movie, which I have been eagerly waiting for. I saw it on Saturday evening with my friends. We were so excited that we booked the tickets well in advance.

The movie was based on an inspiring theme of friendship and perseverance. It showed how friends stick together through thick and thin, facing various challenges, and ultimately achieving their dreams. The message of the film was powerful and emotional, and it left a deep impact on me.

I thoroughly enjoyed myself at the theater – the storyline, the acting, and the music were all top-notch. What I loved most was how the movie emphasized the importance of teamwork and loyalty. It taught me that success comes when you work together and never give up, no matter how difficult the journey may be.

I wish you had been there with me. I am sure you would have loved it too!

Take care and write back soon.

Yours lovingly,
Krishna

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2. Letter to Father Requesting Permission to Go on an Educational Tour

Shiva
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

Dear Father,

I hope you are well. I am writing to ask for your permission to go on an educational tour that my school is organizing next month. The tour is scheduled from 5th to 10th December, and we will be visiting some important historical and educational places like Jaipur, Agra, and Delhi.

I have always been interested in visiting these places, especially the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort, as we studied them in history class. This tour will be a great learning experience for me, and I am excited to participate.

The total cost of the tour is ₹5,000, which covers transportation, accommodation, and food. I kindly request you to send me the amount so that I can confirm my participation. I promise to make the most out of this trip and take lots of notes and pictures to share with you.

Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your response.

Yours affectionately,
Shiva

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3. Letter to Younger Brother Advising Him to Read Newspapers

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

Dear [Brother’s Name],

I hope you’re doing well. I wanted to talk to you about something important – the habit of reading newspapers. I know you are busy with your studies, but reading the newspaper daily is crucial for your overall development.

Newspapers are not just a source of news; they provide opinions and perspectives on social, economic, and political issues. They help you understand current affairs, and they also improve your language and general knowledge, which are important for competitive exams.

By reading the editorial sections, you can get a deeper understanding of important topics and stay informed about what’s happening around the world. This habit will greatly benefit you in the long run, especially when you sit for exams and interviews.

So, make it a point to start reading at least one newspaper daily. Trust me, it will enhance your knowledge and broaden your outlook.

Take care,
[Your Name]

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4. Letter to Headmaster Requesting Leave Due to Illness

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Headmaster
[School Name]
[School Address]

Subject: Leave Application Due to Illness

Respected Sir,

I am writing to inform you that I am suffering from a severe case of viral fever and am unable to attend school for the next few days. The doctor has advised me to take rest for a full recovery.

I request you to kindly grant me leave for three days, from 18th to 20th November. I will ensure that I make up for the missed lessons once I am back.

Thank you for your understanding.

Yours obediently,
[Your Name]
Class [Your Class]

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5. Letter to Health Officer Requesting Action Against Cholera Spread

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Health Officer
[District Name]
[Health Department Address]

Subject: Request for Immediate Action Against Spread of Cholera

Respected Sir,

I am writing to bring to your notice the alarming spread of cholera in our village. Several residents have already been affected, and the situation is getting worse. The lack of clean drinking water and poor sanitation facilities are contributing to the outbreak.

I kindly request you to take immediate steps to control the situation. We urgently need medical teams, clean water supplies, and proper sanitation measures to prevent the disease from spreading further. Your prompt action will save many lives.

Thank you for your attention to this serious matter.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

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6. Letter to Superintendent of Police Complaining About a Policeman’s Behavior

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Superintendent of Police
[Police Station Name]
[Address]

Subject: Complaint Regarding Policeman’s Behavior

Respected Sir,

I am writing to bring to your attention an unfortunate incident involving a policeman on patrol duty in our area. On the night of 15th November, I had an encounter with the said officer, who behaved rudely and unprofessionally when I approached him with a simple query regarding security in the locality.

Such behavior from a public servant is unacceptable, and it tarnishes the image of the police force. I request you to kindly look into this matter and take appropriate action to ensure that public servants treat citizens with respect and fulfill their duties properly.

Thank you for your attention to this issue.

Yours faithfully,
[Your Name]

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7. Letter to Editor Complaining About Frequent Electricity Breakdowns

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Editor
[Newspaper Name]
[Newspaper Address]

Subject: Frequent Breakdown of Electricity in Our Locality

Dear Sir/Madam,

I would like to draw your attention to the frequent breakdown of electricity in our locality, which has become a constant source of inconvenience for the residents. Power cuts last for hours, and the situation worsens during peak evening hours when students need electricity for studies, and families need it for daily chores.

Despite repeated complaints to the electricity board, the situation remains unresolved. I hope that through your esteemed newspaper, the concerned authorities will be compelled to take immediate action and resolve the problem.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

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8. Letter to the Manager of a Local Mill Seeking Permission for a Visit

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
18th November 2024

The Manager
[Mill Name]
[Mill Address]

Subject: Request for Permission to Visit the Mill

Respected Sir,

I am writing on behalf of a group of students from [Your School/College Name]. We are keen on visiting your mill as part of an educational tour to understand the production processes and operational management of your facility.

We are a group of 25 students, and we would like to visit the mill on [Proposed Date]. Kindly grant us permission for the visit at a time convenient to you.

Thank you for your cooperation. We look forward to your positive response.

Yours faithfully,
[Your Name]
[Your School/College Name]

Essays and Articles Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary school Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 33.2
1. Describe any match (hockey, football, cricket, table tennis) you have witnessed in your school.
2. You witnessed an accident near your house. Describe how it happened and who was hurt. Did anyone help the injured people? Did the police help? Who took the injured to the hospital? What did you do and how did you do and how did you help?
3. Narrate an incident which happened during a train journey and which was very humorous.
4. Which season do you like and why?
5. I hate watching Sas-bahu soaps on the T.V.
6. A weekly market.
7. The colony I live in
8. My first journey in a plane.
9. Oh! What a horrible experience!
10. The country you would like to visit.

Answers:
1. A Match I Witnessed in School (Cricket)
Last week, our school hosted an inter-house cricket match, and the excitement was palpable. The match was between the Red House and the Blue House. The Red House batted first, setting a target of 150 runs. The Blue House started off strong, but by the middle of the innings, they lost a few key players. In the last over, they needed 10 runs to win, and the tension was high. The crowd cheered as the batsman hit a six on the second-last ball. With one ball left, the Blue House won with a single, and the students erupted in celebration. It was an exhilarating experience.

2. An Accident I Witnessed
One evening, while I was standing outside my house, I saw a bike skid on the wet road, and the rider fell hard onto the pavement. A car coming from behind stopped just in time, avoiding a serious collision. The rider was injured and bleeding. A few people gathered around to help, while I immediately called an ambulance. The police arrived shortly after, ensuring traffic control, and the injured person was taken to the hospital in the ambulance. It was heartwarming to see how everyone cooperated in helping, and it made me realize the importance of acting quickly in such situations.

3. A Humorous Incident During a Train Journey
During a family train journey last summer, we encountered a humorous incident. A fellow passenger had placed his slippers outside his seat to relax. As the train halted at a station, a monkey suddenly jumped onto the platform, snatched one of the slippers, and ran off! The entire coach burst into laughter as the man tried to chase the monkey, but it was too quick. The man returned with a sheepish smile, saying, “Well, at least it didn’t take both!” It was a funny, unexpected moment that made our journey memorable.

4. My Favorite Season
I love the winter season. The crisp, cold air, cozy blankets, and the warmth of bonfires make it my favorite time of year. I enjoy sipping hot cocoa while sitting by the window, watching the world outside covered in mist. Winter also brings with it the joy of holidays, festivals, and family gatherings. The chill in the air makes outdoor activities more fun, whether it’s playing sports or just going for a walk in the park. Everything feels calm and serene during winter, and that’s why I look forward to it every year.

5. I Hate Watching Sas-Bahu Soaps on TV
I truly dislike watching Sas-Bahu soaps on TV. The repetitive plots, overdramatic scenes, and never-ending conflicts between characters make them unbearable for me. These shows often promote unrealistic family dynamics and stereotypes that I find unrelatable. Instead of such shallow content, I prefer watching documentaries, movies, or series that offer meaningful entertainment or teach something new. For me, time spent watching Sas-Bahu dramas feels like time wasted.

6. A Weekly Market
The weekly market near my house is always bustling with life. From fresh vegetables to vibrant clothes, you can find almost anything here. The air is filled with the chatter of vendors calling out their prices and the aroma of street food cooking at various stalls. I love wandering through the narrow lanes, bargaining for small items and exploring the variety of goods. The market brings the community together, and every visit feels like a mini adventure with something new to discover.

7. The Colony I Live In
I live in a quiet, peaceful colony surrounded by greenery. The streets are lined with trees, providing shade and a pleasant environment. Our colony has a small park where children play and elders take morning walks. The people here are friendly, and we often gather for small celebrations during festivals. The colony also has basic amenities like a grocery store, pharmacy, and a community hall where we hold meetings. It’s a perfect place for families, and I feel safe and happy living here.

8. My First Journey in a Plane
My first plane journey was nothing short of exciting. As the plane took off, my heart raced with excitement. The view from the window was breathtaking – the buildings became tiny, and soon we were flying above the clouds. The flight attendants served refreshments, and I enjoyed the whole experience of flying for the first time. Landing was another thrilling moment, and when we touched down safely, I felt a mix of relief and joy. It was an unforgettable experience that made me look forward to future travels.

9. Oh! What a Horrible Experience!
I’ll never forget the day when a severe storm hit while we were out camping. The winds were so strong that our tent collapsed, and the rain poured in torrents. We were drenched, shivering, and had to hold onto the trees to avoid being blown away. We quickly packed our things and hurried back to the campsite’s shelter, but the storm continued for hours. It was a terrifying experience, and I’ve never felt so helpless in the face of nature’s fury. I learned a lesson that day – always check the weather forecast before planning outdoor activities!

10. The Country I Would Like to Visit
The country I would love to visit is Japan. Its unique blend of modern technology and traditional culture fascinates me. From the bustling streets of Tokyo to the serene temples of Kyoto, Japan has a lot to offer. I’m particularly interested in experiencing the cherry blossom season, visiting historical landmarks, and trying authentic Japanese cuisine. Japan’s efficient transport system, clean cities, and polite people make it an attractive destination for a dream vacation.

For or against

Exercise 33.3 Write either for or against the following topics.
1. Television is a hazard to children’s health and growth.
2. India is a better country to live than any other country in the world.
3. Is it better to live in a colony or an independent house?
4. Cinema entertains and educates.
5. Admission in school be compulsory for all.
6. Girls should not be allowed to take up jobs in the army.

Answers:
1. Television is a hazard to children’s health and growth (For)
Television, when watched excessively, can indeed be a hazard to children’s health and growth. Long hours in front of the screen can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, contributing to obesity and other health problems. The constant exposure to fast-paced, often violent, content can negatively impact a child’s mental and emotional development. Furthermore, it reduces the time children spend playing outdoors, socializing, or engaging in creative activities that are essential for their overall growth. Excessive TV viewing can also affect sleep patterns, causing fatigue and attention problems in school.

2. India is a better country to live than any other country in the world (For)
India is a wonderful country to live in, offering diversity, culture, and opportunities. With its rich history, vibrant traditions, and multiple languages, it provides a unique living experience. The cost of living in India is relatively low compared to many developed countries, and despite challenges, India is making rapid progress in fields like technology, education, and infrastructure. Moreover, the sense of community and family values in India makes it a warm and welcoming place to live. For those who value cultural heritage and unity in diversity, India offers an unmatched lifestyle.

3. Is it better to live in a colony or an independent house? (For Living in a Colony)
Living in a colony has many advantages over an independent house. Colonies provide a sense of community, where neighbors often come together to celebrate festivals, organize events, and help each other in times of need. They also tend to have shared amenities such as parks, security, and maintenance services, which make daily living more convenient and secure. Children in colonies can make friends easily and have safe spaces to play. Moreover, colonies often have a closer-knit environment, which fosters social connections and collective support.

4. Cinema entertains and educates (For)
Cinema serves a dual purpose by entertaining and educating audiences. While films offer a break from daily life through entertainment, they can also address important social issues and spread awareness. Documentaries, biopics, and historical films can be highly educational, providing insights into different cultures, histories, and human experiences. Even in fictional movies, there are often life lessons, values, and moral takeaways. By blending entertainment with informative content, cinema becomes a powerful medium that can influence people’s thoughts and promote learning in an engaging way.

5. Admission in school should be compulsory for all (For)
Compulsory school admission is essential to ensure that every child receives a basic education, which is a fundamental right. Education opens doors to opportunities and is a powerful tool in breaking the cycle of poverty. When children attend school, they develop not only academically but also socially, emotionally, and ethically. By making school admission mandatory, governments can ensure that no child is left behind, and the country can progress as a whole. Moreover, an educated population is crucial for the development of any nation.

6. Girls should not be allowed to take up jobs in the army (Against)
There is no valid reason to prevent girls from joining the army. In modern times, women have proven their capabilities in all fields, including the military. Many countries have female soldiers who perform their duties with the same level of professionalism and courage as their male counterparts. Gender should not determine one’s ability to serve in the army; rather, it should be based on skill, determination, and physical fitness. Denying women the opportunity to serve in the military is a step backward and reinforces outdated gender stereotypes. Women deserve equal opportunities in all fields, including the armed forces.

Essays

Exercise 33.4 Write the following essays :-

1. If I were an astronaut on Mars!
2. If I could be Mahindra Singh Dhoni for a day
3. If I were as good a singer as Lata  Mangeshkar
4. If I were crowned “Miss Universe”
5. A day in your life as an actor
6. If I could be a submarine and find out the secrets of the sea
7. If I were a toy maker
8. If there were no serials on T.V. !

Answers:
1. If I Were an Astronaut on Mars!
If I were an astronaut on Mars, it would be a dream come true. As I land on the red planet and step out of the spacecraft, I would marvel at the alien landscape, with its rusty sand dunes and towering volcanoes. My mission would be to explore this uncharted territory, conducting experiments and searching for signs of life. Living in a space station, I would adjust to Mars’ weaker gravity and the challenges of surviving in such an extreme environment. Every day would bring new discoveries—analyzing soil samples, studying the Martian atmosphere, and transmitting valuable data back to Earth. I would be proud to contribute to humanity’s quest for knowledge and the possibility of future colonization of Mars. It would be an exciting adventure filled with wonder and awe, a true step into the future of space exploration.

2. If I Could Be Mahendra Singh Dhoni for a Day
If I could be Mahendra Singh Dhoni for a day, I would relish the opportunity to experience what it feels like to be one of the greatest cricketers in the world. Leading the Indian cricket team, I would make important decisions on the field with calmness and precision, just as Dhoni does. I would step into the stadium amidst roaring fans, don the wicket-keeping gloves, and strategize to outsmart the opposing team. Off the field, I would inspire young cricketers with my story, teaching them the value of hard work, humility, and perseverance. Dhoni’s leadership and ability to stay cool under pressure are qualities I would embrace and carry with me for life. It would be a thrilling day, experiencing the glory, challenges, and responsibilities of being one of India’s most loved sports icons.

3. If I Were as Good a Singer as Lata Mangeshkar!
If I were as good a singer as Lata Mangeshkar, I would feel blessed to have such an extraordinary gift. With a voice that transcends boundaries, I would sing songs that touch people’s hearts and bring them joy. Just like her, I would aim to create a legacy of timeless music that inspires generations. My concerts would be filled with fans who admire the purity of my voice and the emotions I convey through my songs. I would lend my voice to films, sing devotional songs, and even perform in global arenas. Being able to sing like Lata Mangeshkar would also be a responsibility to use music to spread love, hope, and unity across the world. It would be an honor to uphold the tradition of Indian classical music while embracing modern tunes, much like the legendary Lata Ji.

4. If I Were Crowned “Miss Universe”
If I were crowned “Miss Universe,” it would be a life-changing moment filled with pride and responsibility. As I wear the sparkling crown, I would realize the enormous platform I have been given to make a positive impact. My first mission would be to advocate for important global issues such as education, women’s empowerment, and environmental conservation. I would travel the world, meeting influential leaders and inspiring young women to pursue their dreams and fight for equality. Being Miss Universe is not just about beauty; it’s about intelligence, compassion, and making a difference. I would strive to live up to these ideals, using my voice to raise awareness about causes close to my heart and spreading a message of peace and unity. It would be a thrilling and rewarding year filled with purpose and fulfillment.

5. A Day in Your Life as an Actor
If I were an actor, a typical day in my life would be full of excitement and creativity. I would start the day on set, getting into character for a new movie or TV show. Working closely with directors, co-stars, and a talented crew, I would rehearse my lines, perfecting every emotion and expression. Being an actor requires intense focus and dedication, and I would immerse myself in my role, whether it’s a romantic hero or a complex villain. After a long day of filming, I might attend a red-carpet event or a press conference, where I would interact with fans and the media. The glamour of being an actor is balanced by the hard work behind the scenes, but the satisfaction of bringing stories to life and entertaining millions would make it all worth it.

6. If I Could Be a Submarine and Find Out the Secrets of the Sea
If I could be a submarine, I would dive deep into the mysterious world of the ocean, uncovering secrets hidden beneath the waves. Gliding through the dark, unexplored depths, I would encounter fascinating creatures like bioluminescent fish, giant squids, and ancient shipwrecks. My journey would take me to the ocean floor, where I would discover ecosystems that humans have never seen before. As a submarine, I could help scientists study marine life, underwater volcanoes, and the effects of climate change on coral reefs. Exploring the ocean would be like traveling to another world, full of wonder and endless discoveries. The ocean holds so many mysteries, and I would be at the forefront of uncovering its hidden treasures.

7. If I Were a Toy Maker
If I were a toy maker, I would create toys that bring joy, creativity, and learning to children. Each day, I would design and craft toys that spark imagination—colorful building blocks, dolls with unique personalities, or remote-controlled cars that zoom through living rooms. I would focus on making toys that are not only fun but also educational, helping children develop skills while they play. My toy workshop would be a place of endless creativity, where new ideas come to life. Seeing the smiles on children’s faces when they play with my creations would be the most rewarding part of my job. As a toymaker, I would take pride in knowing that I contribute to making childhood a magical and memorable experience.

8. If There Were No Serials on TV!
If there were no serials on TV, I believe our lives would be more peaceful and productive. Without the constant stream of melodramatic Sas-Bahu shows or never-ending soap operas, families would spend more quality time together, engaging in meaningful conversations or playing games. People would have more time to pursue hobbies, read books, or exercise instead of being glued to their screens. Without serials, TV channels might focus more on informative and creative content, such as documentaries, educational shows, or movies with a social message. While some people enjoy the entertainment that serials provide, I think a world without them could encourage a healthier balance of entertainment and real-life interaction.

Longer Compositions Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary School Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Reports

Exercise 32.1 Now write the following reports :-

1. Yesterday, a fire broke out in the busy Sadar Bazaar area. More than 1000 shops were gutted There has bee a heavy loo of life and property. You are a correspondent with a National Daily. Image other details and complete the report.
2. Many years have passed since the twonship of Bhuj got ravaged by a severe earthquake. Majority of the people are still hoping to get help from the government. At many places, the debris is yet to be cleared. Write an eyewitness account of the plight of the town. (Make up any other details that you would like to insert.
3. You are a journalist with the Times of India. You were at a gas filling station when you saw armed robbers who fired at the Manager and ran away with a bag full of money. Write a detailed report for your newspaper.
4. In a remote township of Samastipur, farmers starved due to poor facilities for irrigation and no means of employment till a few years ago. Today the village is thriving due to the efforts of the Jan Kalyan NGO which took over the villagers are leading a prosperous life.
5. A health check -up camp was organised in your school last week. The check-up revealed certain startling facts. More than 50% students were found to be anaemic, 90% students suffered from weak eyesight and were underweight. Doctors said it was due to bad food habits and lack of nutritious food. Write a report about the camp for a newspaper.
6. Recently your school celebrated a Book Week. During this week, many competitions were held such as book reviews, book discussions, meeting with authors, film shows based on books. Write a reports about this Book Week for your school magazine mentioning how it proved to be useful.
7. Last week there was a film festival in which special movies that could interest children were screened . Free passes were distributed by the NIE. Write a reports about this film festival and how it has been educative.
8. During the summer vacations your school organise a 10-day trip to Kulu-manali. You were taken to different places which included t days trekking in two the Rohtang Pass area. Write a report for your school magazine.
9. In a survey conducted to find out literacy levels in different regions of India, the following data were collected. Write a report of the survey.
Northern region-60% Southern region-90%
Eastern region -40% Western region-80%
10. A survey conducted to find out how students like to enjoy life after school. The following chart shows details of student preferences. Study it and write a report.

Answers:
1. Fire Breaks Out in Sadar Bazaar

By [Your Name], Correspondent, National Daily

New Delhi, November 17:
A devastating fire broke out yesterday afternoon in the bustling Sadar Bazaar area, engulfing over 1,000 shops in flames. The fire, which is believed to have been caused by an electrical short circuit in one of the shops, rapidly spread due to the narrow lanes and congested nature of the marketplace. Local fire services were dispatched immediately, but it took more than five hours to bring the fire under control.

The tragedy has resulted in a massive loss of life and property. At least 15 people have been reported dead, and over 50 are severely injured. Property worth crores has been reduced to ashes, leaving many shop owners in financial ruin. Rescue operations are still underway as authorities search for survivors. The government has announced an investigation into the incident and promised compensation for the victims.

2. Bhuj Township Struggles After Earthquake

By [Your Name], Eyewitness Reporter

It has been years since the township of Bhuj was devastated by a powerful earthquake that left the region in ruins. Despite the passage of time, the scars of the disaster are still visible. Large piles of debris remain uncleared in several parts of the town, and many buildings stand half-destroyed, a reminder of the destruction that once gripped Bhuj.

The local population continues to live in despair, as government aid has been slow to arrive. Temporary shelters have now become semi-permanent homes for thousands of people, who are still waiting for rehabilitation. Hope is running thin, but the resilient spirit of Bhuj’s people keeps them fighting for survival amidst adversity. The need for swift action and effective rebuilding plans remains urgent.

3. Armed Robbers Strike Gas Station

By [Your Name], Journalist, Times of India

Mumbai, November 17:
A daring robbery took place yesterday at a gas filling station in the heart of Mumbai. At around 6:30 p.m., two armed men stormed the station, firing at the Manager and seizing a large bag filled with cash. Witnesses say the robbers arrived on motorbikes, entered the office, and fired without warning. The Manager sustained a gunshot wound to his shoulder and was rushed to the hospital, where he is currently in stable condition.

The robbers managed to flee the scene within minutes, leaving behind a trail of panic. The local police have launched an investigation and are reviewing CCTV footage to track the suspects. This incident has sparked concern over the increasing number of armed robberies in the city.

4. Jan Kalyan NGO Transforms Samastipur

By [Your Name]

The remote township of Samastipur, which once suffered from poverty and starvation due to a lack of irrigation facilities and employment opportunities, has been completely transformed. Thanks to the tireless efforts of the Jan Kalyan NGO, the village has witnessed a remarkable turnaround in recent years.

The NGO introduced modern irrigation techniques and agricultural tools, allowing farmers to produce higher yields. They also provided employment opportunities through vocational training programs. Today, Samastipur is thriving, and its residents are leading prosperous lives, with improved healthcare, education, and infrastructure. The villagers credit the NGO for changing the course of their future.

5. Health Check-Up Camp Reveals Startling Facts

By [Your Name]

Last week, a health check-up camp was organized at [School Name], revealing some concerning facts about the health of the students. The medical team found that more than 50% of the students are suffering from anemia, and an alarming 90% were found to have weak eyesight and are underweight.

Doctors attributed these conditions to poor dietary habits and a lack of nutritious food in students’ diets. The school administration has decided to implement a health awareness program to encourage better eating habits and regular exercise. This camp has highlighted the urgent need for nutritional education among students.

6. Book Week Celebrated at [School Name]

By [Your Name]

Last week, [School Name] celebrated a vibrant Book Week, filled with a series of engaging activities. The event included book review competitions, book discussions, film shows based on famous books, and interaction sessions with well-known authors. Students actively participated in various contests, and the event fostered a deep love for reading among them.

The highlight of the week was the session where students met authors who shared their experiences and writing journeys. The Book Week was an enriching experience for everyone, and it significantly contributed to encouraging reading as a hobby and educational tool in our school.

7. Children’s Film Festival Enlightens and Entertains

By [Your Name]

A special Film Festival for children was organized last week, featuring a collection of educational and entertaining movies. The event was sponsored by NIE, which distributed free passes to schoolchildren across the city. Movies that focused on moral values, environmental awareness, and historical figures were screened, leaving a lasting impact on young minds.

The festival was not only a source of entertainment but also proved to be highly educative. The children were able to connect with the stories and characters, and it sparked meaningful discussions in classrooms.

8. Exciting School Trip to Kulu-Manali

By [Your Name]

During the summer vacation, our school organized a 10-day trip to the scenic hill stations of Kulu-Manali. The highlight of the trip was a two-day trekking adventure in the Rohtang Pass area. Students had the opportunity to explore breathtaking landscapes, experience the thrill of trekking, and witness snow-clad mountains up close.

Apart from trekking, we visited several tourist spots such as the Solang Valley, Hadimba Temple, and Manikaran. The trip was a perfect blend of adventure and learning, leaving students with unforgettable memories.

9. Survey Reveals Literacy Levels in India

By [Your Name]

A recent survey conducted across various regions of India has highlighted the varying literacy rates in the country. The Southern region of India boasts the highest literacy rate at 90%, followed by the Western region at 80%. In contrast, the Northern and Eastern regions lag behind with literacy rates of 60% and 40%, respectively.

This data calls for urgent educational reforms in the Northern and Eastern regions to bridge the gap and ensure equal access to education for all.

10. How Students Prefer to Enjoy Life After School

By [Your Name]

A survey was recently conducted to analyze how students prefer to spend their time after school hours. The results showed that the majority of students, about 45%, prefer spending time on social media. This is followed by 25% who enjoy playing sports, 20% who engage in hobby classes such as music or art, and 10% who dedicate their time to reading.

These findings reflect the growing importance of digital engagement and physical activities in the lives of modern students. Schools may need to balance these preferences with a push towards more intellectual and creative pursuits.

Exercise 31.2 Now write the following processes :-

1. Tell your younger brother how to polish a shoe.
2. Find out from your mother how to make a cup of tea and describe it in a letter to a penfriend of yours.
3.In your home science class you have been asked to describe how to wash clothes. Write the process.
4. Kanika’s mother is leaving for office in a hurry. She has to leave instructions for her daughter Vini on how to make an omelette so that she can have her breakfast. Write out the process.
5. Look at the picture given below. Explain the process how water is purified, stored and finally distributed to homes.

Answers:
1. How to Polish a Shoe (Instructions for Younger Brother)

Dear [Brother’s Name],

Polishing your shoes is easy if you follow these steps:

1. Gather the materials: You will need shoe polish, a brush, a cloth, and some water.
2. Clean the shoes: Remove any dirt or dust from your shoes using a dry brush.
3. Apply the polish: Take a small amount of shoe polish on the brush or cloth and apply it evenly all over the shoe, focusing on any scuffs or scratches.
4. Let it dry: Allow the polish to sit for a few minutes to dry.
5. Buff the shoe: Using a clean brush or cloth, buff the shoe to bring out a shine by rubbing it in circular motions.
6. Final touch: If needed, repeat the process to get a brighter shine.

That’s it! Now your shoes will look brand new.

Love, [Your Name]

---

2. How to Make a Cup of Tea (Described in a Letter to a Penfriend)

Dear [Penfriend’s Name],

I thought I’d share with you how my mother makes a perfect cup of tea! Here’s the process:

1. Boil water: First, you need to boil some water in a kettle.
2. Add tea leaves: Once the water boils, add one teaspoon of tea leaves (or a tea bag) to the water.
3. Simmer: Let the tea leaves simmer in the hot water for about 2-3 minutes, depending on how strong you like your tea.
4. Add milk and sugar: If you like milk in your tea, pour in a little (or more if you prefer). Add sugar to taste. Stir everything together.
5. Strain and serve: If you’re using tea leaves, strain the tea into a cup. Now, it’s ready to enjoy!

Try it out and let me know how it turns out!

Best wishes,
[Your Name]

---

3. How to Wash Clothes (Home Science Class Instructions)

In today’s home science class, we learned how to wash clothes. Here’s the process:

1. Sort the clothes: Separate the clothes by color and fabric type (whites, darks, and delicates).
2. Pre-treat stains: If there are any stains, apply a stain remover or detergent directly on the spot before washing.
3. Fill the bucket/washing machine: Fill the washing machine with water (or a bucket if washing by hand) and add detergent.
4. Wash the clothes: Place the sorted clothes into the machine or bucket. Let the machine run its cycle, or if washing by hand, rub the clothes gently to remove dirt.
5. Rinse: Once washed, rinse the clothes in clean water to remove any detergent.
6. Dry: Hang the clothes out to dry, preferably under the sun.

And that’s how we wash clothes!

---

4. Instructions for Making an Omelette (From Kanika’s Mother to Vini)

Dear Vini,

Here’s how to make a quick and easy omelette for your breakfast:

1. Break the eggs: Take two eggs and crack them into a bowl.
2. Whisk the eggs: Add a pinch of salt and pepper, then whisk the eggs until they are well mixed.
3. Prepare the pan: Heat a small pan on medium heat and add a little butter or oil to prevent the omelette from sticking.
4. Cook the omelette: Pour the egg mixture into the hot pan. Let it cook for about 2-3 minutes. You can add vegetables, cheese, or any filling you like.
5. Flip and fold: Once the bottom is set, gently fold the omelette in half and let it cook for another minute.
6. Serve: Slide the omelette onto a plate and enjoy your breakfast.

Love,
Mom

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5. How Water is Purified, Stored, and Distributed to Homes

The process of purifying and distributing water to homes involves several steps:

1. Water collection: Water is collected from natural sources like rivers, lakes, or reservoirs.
2. Filtration: The water is passed through filters to remove large debris and particles such as leaves, stones, and other impurities.
3. Coagulation and sedimentation: Chemicals are added to the water to bind small particles together into larger clumps, which then settle at the bottom in a sedimentation tank.
4. Chlorination: To kill harmful bacteria and germs, chlorine or other disinfectants are added to the water.
5. Storage: Once purified, the clean water is stored in large tanks or reservoirs.
6. Distribution: Finally, the purified water is pumped through a network of pipes, distributing it to homes, schools, and other establishments.

This process ensures that the water we drink is clean and safe for consumption.

Writing Dairy

Exercise 32.3

1. You saw a very amusing play today. Write a dairy entry about what you enjoyed.
2. You discovered that Anita, who you considered a good friend, has been backbiting you. Record your feelings in your dairy.
3. You recently saw pictures of poachers killing elephants in the wildlife sanctuary Jim Corbett National Park. Record your feelings.
4. You recently saw two of your friends quarrel over a trivial matter. Write a dairy entry describing your feelings.
5. You won the first prize in an inter-school debate on “Environment Pollution”. Record your describing your feelings.
6. You saw a video report on the havoc caused in Badrinath /Kedarnath by fury of nature. Record your feelings in your dairy.

Answers:

1. Dairy Entry on Watching an Amusing Play

Date: [Insert Date]

Dear Diary,

Today was such a delightful day! I watched a hilarious play titled The Comedy of Errors, and I can’t stop laughing even now! The actors were brilliant, and the timing of the jokes was perfect. My favorite part was when the two main characters kept confusing everyone around them due to their identical appearances—it was pure chaos but so well done! The audience couldn’t stop laughing either.

The costumes, the dialogues, and the expressions were spot-on, making it one of the most amusing plays I’ve ever seen. I really needed this after such a hectic week. I’m so glad I went!

Good night!
[Your Name]

---

2. Dairy Entry on Learning About Anita’s Backbiting

Date: [Insert Date]

Dear Diary,

I can’t believe what I heard today. Anita, someone I considered a close friend, has been backbiting me. It hurts so much to know that someone I trusted could say such things behind my back. I always thought we were good friends, but now I feel betrayed.

I’m confused about how to confront her—should I talk to her directly or just distance myself? I feel angry, sad, and disappointed all at once. It’s hard to understand why people act this way. I hope I can figure out how to handle this.

Feeling betrayed,
[Your Name]

---

3. Dairy Entry on Poachers Killing Elephants in Jim Corbett National Park

Date: [Insert Date]

Dear Diary,

I saw some shocking and heartbreaking pictures today. Poachers have been killing elephants in Jim Corbett National Park. The sight of these majestic creatures being slaughtered for their tusks left me deeply saddened and furious. How can people be so cruel?

Elephants are such gentle beings, and to see them suffer like this just for greed is beyond comprehension. I wish there was more we could do to stop this senseless violence. We need stricter laws and better protection for wildlife before it’s too late. It’s hard to imagine a world without these beautiful creatures.

Feeling upset,
[Your Name]

---

4. Dairy Entry on Friends Quarreling Over a Trivial Matter

Date: [Insert Date]

Dear Diary,

Today was such an uncomfortable day. Two of my friends had a huge argument over something so trivial! It all started because of a misunderstanding about who borrowed a book first. At first, I thought they were joking, but it soon escalated into a full-blown fight.

I tried to mediate, but neither of them wanted to listen. It felt so unnecessary. I hope they realize how silly this was and patch things up soon. It’s tough seeing friends fight over something so small, especially when it could’ve been solved with a simple conversation.

Feeling frustrated,
[Your Name]

---

5. Dairy Entry on Winning First Prize in a Debate on “Environment Pollution”

Date: [Insert Date]

Dear Diary,

I’m over the moon today! I won the first prize in the inter-school debate on “Environment Pollution”! I worked so hard preparing for this, and it feels amazing to see my efforts pay off. The topic was something I’m passionate about, and I was able to convey my thoughts confidently.

The judges praised my arguments, and the moment they announced my name as the winner, I could hardly believe it. All the late-night preparations were worth it! I feel proud and motivated to keep working on issues that matter.

Feeling proud,
[Your Name]

---

6. Dairy Entry on Seeing the Havoc in Badrinath/Kedarnath Due to Nature’s Fury

Date: [Insert Date]

Dear Diary,

I watched a video report today about the devastating effects of natural disasters in Badrinath and Kedarnath. The images of homes destroyed, roads washed away, and people suffering due to landslides and floods were heart-wrenching. Nature can be so powerful, and yet so destructive.

I feel so helpless watching these disasters unfold from afar. So many lives have been affected, and it makes me realize how fragile life is in the face of nature’s fury. I just hope that relief efforts reach the people there quickly and that such tragedies can be minimized in the future.

Feeling sorrowful,
[Your Name]

Short Compositions Exercises with Answer for Class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Writing Paragraph

Exercise 31.1 Write a paragraph of not more than 150 words on each of the following topics :-

1. What you dislike most and why?
2. The funniest day in your life
3. Caught in the storm
4. My neighbours
5. A visit to a museum
6. Thoughts on Independence Day
7. Pollution in big cities
8. Traffic jams
9. Realty shows on TV
10. One-day cricket matches

Answers:
1. What You Dislike Most and Why?
What I dislike most is dishonesty. When people are dishonest, it breaks trust and creates a barrier between individuals. Whether it’s a small lie or a major deception, dishonesty harms relationships and makes life more complicated. I value honesty because it fosters genuine connections, transparency, and respect. Being truthful may be difficult at times, but it helps build trust, which is essential for personal and professional relationships. In a world where trust is the foundation of many aspects of life, dishonesty creates unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings, which I find extremely frustrating.

2. The Funniest Day in Your Life
The funniest day of my life was when I accidentally showed up at a formal event wearing casual clothes. I had misread the invitation and thought it was a casual gathering. When I arrived in jeans and a t-shirt, everyone else was dressed in elegant suits and dresses. The awkwardness was overwhelming, but soon everyone, including me, burst into laughter. I became the highlight of the event, and the situation turned into a hilarious memory that we still laugh about today. It taught me to double-check invitations, but it was a day filled with humor and lightheartedness.

3. Caught in the Storm
One summer evening, I was caught in a sudden thunderstorm while walking home. The sky turned dark, and within minutes, heavy rain poured down. Without an umbrella or a shelter nearby, I had no choice but to run through the storm. Lightning flashed, and the wind howled, making it difficult to see or move. Although I was drenched, the experience was both terrifying and thrilling. The storm passed after about 20 minutes, leaving behind a sense of relief and an unforgettable memory of nature’s power.

4. My Neighbours
My neighbors are a friendly and diverse group of people. On one side, there is an elderly couple who enjoy gardening and often share fresh vegetables with us. On the other side, there is a young family with two playful children. We often exchange smiles and greetings, and during festivals, we visit each other to share sweets and gifts. The sense of community is strong, and we all look out for one another. Whether it’s lending a tool or helping with small tasks, living in such a supportive neighborhood makes life more pleasant.

5. A Visit to a Museum
A visit to the National Museum was an enriching experience. The museum was filled with artifacts from different periods of history, ranging from ancient sculptures to modern art. I was particularly fascinated by the archaeological section, which showcased pottery, coins, and tools from civilizations long gone. The highlight of the visit was the gallery of paintings, where I admired the intricate details and creativity of artists from various eras. Walking through the exhibits, I gained a deeper appreciation for history and culture. It was a memorable and educational visit that left me with a greater understanding of the past.

6. Thoughts on Independence Day
Independence Day is a day of great pride and reflection for me. It reminds us of the sacrifices made by countless individuals to secure freedom for the country. Every year, as the national flag is hoisted, I feel a sense of unity and patriotism. The celebrations, which include speeches, parades, and cultural programs, highlight the diversity and strength of our nation. Independence Day is not just about looking back at our past; it’s also about recognizing our responsibilities as citizens to contribute positively to the country’s future. It’s a day to honor the values of freedom, equality, and democracy.

7. Pollution in Big Cities
Pollution in big cities is a growing concern that affects millions of people daily. The air is filled with harmful pollutants from vehicles, factories, and construction sites. This leads to serious health issues like respiratory problems and allergies. Water and noise pollution also add to the problem, making city life stressful and unhealthy. Despite various initiatives to control pollution, rapid urbanization and industrialization continue to worsen the situation. We need stricter environmental regulations and public awareness campaigns to tackle this crisis and make cities cleaner and safer for future generations.

8. Traffic Jams
Traffic jams are a common problem in big cities, causing frustration and delays. Whether it’s rush hour or road construction, getting stuck in traffic wastes time and fuel. It affects not just individuals but also the economy, as people are late for work and goods take longer to reach their destinations. The honking of horns, pollution, and the stress of being stuck in one place add to the misery. To reduce traffic jams, we need better public transportation, more efficient traffic management systems, and better urban planning.

9. Reality Shows on TV
Reality shows on TV have become incredibly popular in recent years. While some find them entertaining, others criticize them for promoting unhealthy competition and fake drama. Many reality shows focus on talent, such as singing and dancing competitions, which give ordinary people a chance to shine. However, some shows seem to prioritize sensationalism over content, blurring the line between reality and entertainment. Despite the mixed opinions, reality shows continue to attract large audiences and have become a significant part of modern television culture.

10. One-Day Cricket Matches
One-day cricket matches are exciting and fast-paced, attracting fans from all over the world. Unlike traditional test matches, which can last for days, one-day matches offer a thrilling experience in a shorter time. Each team gets 50 overs, and the game is full of twists and turns, with quick runs, wickets, and sometimes nail-biting finishes. The format appeals to both casual viewers and die-hard cricket fans. The intensity and strategy involved in one-day matches make them a favorite among sports enthusiasts, providing entertainment and suspense throughout the day.

Exercise 31.2
1. Rosary Public School is organising a one month theatre workshop with the help of the National School of Drama. Eminent actor Nasiruddin Shah has agreed to conduct it. The fee for each participant will be Rs 2500. Maximum number of Students who can attend the workshop will be thirty. As Secretary of the School Theatre Club, put up a suitable notice, inviting students to enrol themselves.
2. It is traffic week. The local authorities wish to take out a really. The Principal has allowed students of class IX to attend the rally. As head girl of your school, put up a notice for class IX students to prepare some attractive posters and slogans to carry with them for the rally.
3. The Rainbow School, Muzaffarnagar is organising a health exhibition titled ‘Live Healthy’ on 23rd and 24th January, 20_______. The Sports-Incharge. Mr Bhim Singh, put up a notice inviting students to prepare charts, slogans and posters. Write the notice on his behalf.
4. The Xavier School, Mumbai is organising a Summer Camp in School for a month. Activities would include areobics, guitar, pottery making, western dance and aero-modellings. Students can opt for any two activities and the fee is Rs 500. As secretary of the Culture Club of your school put up a suitable notice giving all necessary information.

Answers:
1. Rosary Public School Theatre Workshop Notice

Rosary Public School
Notice
Date: 16th November, 2024

One-Month Theatre Workshop

The School Theatre Club is excited to announce a one-month theatre workshop in collaboration with the National School of Drama, conducted by the renowned actor Nasiruddin Shah.
Details:

• Duration: 1st December 2024 to 31st December 2024
• Fee: Rs 2500 per participant
• Eligibility: Open to all students (limited to 30 participants)
• Venue: School Auditorium

Interested students are requested to enrol by 25th November 2024 by contacting the undersigned. Seats are limited, so hurry!

(Name)
Secretary, Theatre Club

2. Traffic Week Rally Notice

ABC School
Notice
Date: 16th November, 2024

Traffic Week Rally – Class IX Students

This is to inform all students of Class IX that our school has been invited to participate in a Traffic Week Rally organized by the local authorities. The rally will be held on 20th November 2024. Students are requested to prepare attractive posters and slogans to carry with them during the rally.

Details:

• Date of Rally: 20th November 2024
• Time: 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM
• Preparation Deadline: 18th November 2024

(Name)
Head Girl

3. Rainbow School Health Exhibition Notice

Rainbow School, Muzaffarnagar
Notice
Date: 16th November, 2024

Health Exhibition: “Live Healthy”

We are pleased to announce a health exhibition titled “Live Healthy” on 23rd and 24th January 2025. Students are invited to participate by preparing charts, posters, and slogans promoting health and wellness.

Details:

• Event: Health Exhibition – “Live Healthy”
• Dates: 23rd and 24th January 2025
• Preparation Deadline: 15th January 2025
• Venue: School Hall

Submit your creative materials to Mr Bhim Singh (Sports In-charge) by the mentioned deadline.

(Name)
On behalf of Mr Bhim Singh, Sports In-charge

4. Xavier School Summer Camp Notice

Xavier School, Mumbai
Notice
Date: 16th November, 2024

Summer Camp 2024

We are thrilled to announce a Summer Camp to be held at our school for the duration of one month. Students can choose from a variety of activities, including:

• Aerobics
• Guitar
• Pottery Making
• Western Dance
• Aero-Modelling

Details:

• Duration: 1st May 2024 to 31st May 2024
• Fee: Rs 500 (for any two activities)
• Registration Deadline: 20th April 2024

Interested students can register with the undersigned. Join us for a month of fun and learning!

(Name)
Secretary, Culture Club

Exercise 31.3
1. Ranbaxy Public School needs a Secretary to the Principal. You are the Administrative Officer of the School. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words for publication in the Classified ‘Situations Vacant’ column of the Hindustan Times.
2. You are Swabhiman Gupta- a freelance photo journalist. You plan to start coaching classes in photography. Draft a suitable classified display advertisement to be inserted in the hobbies column.
3. You are Ashok Kumar. You wish to sell your car, Honda City, which is a 2009 model and in good condition. Write a suitable advertisement to be inserted in the ‘Sale and Purchase’ column of the Times of India.
4. You are Mrs Khosla. You are fluent in Spanish and German languages. You wish take up private classes for those interested in learning languages. Draft a display advertisement to be inserted in ‘Education’ column of a national daily.
5. You are Arushi Khanna, Cultural Secretary of M.B.D School, Ranchi. Your school is presenting a play “Merchant of Venice” by Shakespeare. Write an advertisement for it in the local newspaper. You must state the date, time, venue and he price of tickets inyour ad. (50 words).
6. You are Anil Kapoor. You are going to launch a new toothpaste. Write an advertisement for it in 30 words.

Answers:
1. Advertisement for Secretary to the Principal

Situations Vacant
Ranbaxy Public School requires a Secretary to the Principal. Candidates must have excellent communication skills, proficiency in MS Office, and a minimum of 3 years of experience. Apply with a resume to the Administrative Officer by 25th November 2024.

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5. Play Advertisement (Merchant of Venice)

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Presents Shakespeare’s classic play “Merchant of Venice” on 10th December 2024, at 6:00 PM, in the School Auditorium.
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6. Advertisement for New Toothpaste

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Telephonic conversations

Exercise 31.5 Read the following telephonic conversations.
1. Vibha Sehgal : Hello, I am speaking to Anuska?
Anuskha : Yes, Vinbha, how are you?
Vibha Sehagal : I am fine. U rang up to say that I am coming to Delhi to appear for CAT exam on 25 November, from Delhi.
Anuskha : How wonderful! I’ve not met you for the last two years. Which centre has been allotted to you in Delhi?
Vibha Sehgal : My centre is DAV School for Boys at Lodhi Road. Just remind Mahesh to receive me at New Delhi Railway Station on 24th November at 5 P.M.
Anushka : I’ll do it, you need not worry. I’ll leave a message for Mahesh. since I’m leaving for Mumbai tomorrow. I am sorry I won’t be able to meet you.
Vibha Sehgal : My bad luck! May be I’ll be lucky. next time.
Write a message for Mahesh in 50 words.
2. Abhishek rings up his friend Anubhav to tell him about the schedule of School Final Exams. Anubhav has gone out of station, so Abhishek leaves a message for him and asks his brother Alok to inform him.
Schedule Practical __ 11 April, 20 _______
Physics Practical _ 15 April, 20 _____
Chemistry Practical ___18 April, 20 ______
Computer Science __18 April, 20 _____
Biology Practical __ 19 April, 20 _____
All practical Exams will be conducted during school hours. Alok promises to leave a message on Anubhav’s table with all the above details. Write the message in 50 words.
3. Revati : Hello, can I speak to Mrs. Basu?
Lavanya : She is not at home. I’m her sister lavanya.
Revati : Oh, hello Lavanya, tell your sister that I have bought tickets for the movie,
“The Lunch Box” for the afternoon show tomorrow. Rani is also coming.
Tell her to meet us at Gate no. 4 of the Centre Stage Mall at 2 P.M.
Lavanya : O.K. Revati. I’ll inform my sister. Lavanya has to go for tuition classes. So, she leaves a message for her sister.
Write the message in 50 words.

Answers:
1. Message for Mahesh:

Message:

Mahesh,
Vibha Sehgal is arriving in Delhi for her CAT exam on 24th November. Please receive her at the New Delhi Railway Station at 5 PM. Her exam center is DAV School for Boys at Lodhi Road. Anushka has left for Mumbai and won’t be able to meet her.

• Anushka

---

2. Message for Anubhav:

Message:

Anubhav,
Abhishek called to inform you about the School Final Exam schedule.

• Practical exam: 11 April
• Physics Practical: 15 April
• Chemistry Practical: 18 April
• Computer Science Practical: 18 April
• Biology Practical: 19 April

All practicals will be held during school hours.

• Alok

---

3. Message for Mrs. Basu:

Message:

Sister,
Revati has bought tickets for the movie “The Lunch Box” tomorrow for the afternoon show. Rani is also coming. Please meet them at Gate No. 4 of the Centre Stage Mall at 2 PM.

• Lavanya

Writing

Exercise 31.6
1.Write in not more than 100 words, “How to make an omelette”.
2. Describe your class before the arrival of your teacher.
3. As the Head Boy/Girl of your school you are asked to plan a school for classes 6,7 and 8. Write down how you planned it under the heading “Planning a Picnic.”
4. Describe the process of borrowing a book from your school library.
5. Describe the process of booking a cinema ticket on line.
6. Describe how you drew money from your bank account.
7. Describe your first attempt to earn swimming.
8. Describe how people behaved during a cricket match.

Answers:
How to Make an Omelette
To make an omelette, break two eggs into a bowl and beat them well. Add a pinch of salt and pepper for flavor. Heat a non-stick pan and melt a little butter or oil. Pour the beaten eggs into the pan and cook over medium heat. As the edges set, tilt the pan to let the uncooked egg flow to the edges. Add desired fillings like cheese, vegetables, or ham. Once the omelette is firm, fold it in half and serve hot.

Before the Arrival of the Teacher
Before the teacher arrived, the classroom was filled with noise and excitement. Some students were chatting with friends, while others were flipping through their books or making small talk. A few students were rushing to complete their homework, and others were settling into their seats, getting ready for the lesson. The atmosphere was lively but slightly disorganized. The teacher’s absence allowed everyone to express their energy before the class began.

Planning a Picnic
As the Head Girl, I was excited to plan the school picnic for classes 6, 7, and 8. First, I selected a beautiful park nearby, ideal for outdoor activities. I arranged for buses to transport everyone safely. I planned various games and competitions to ensure fun for all students. A picnic lunch, with sandwiches, fruits, and juices, was organized. I also ensured teachers’ supervision and prepared a first-aid kit for safety. The plan was to start the day with games, followed by lunch, and then free time for students to explore the park.

Borrowing a Book from the Library
To borrow a book from the school library, first, I visit the library and search for the book I need. I check its availability on the shelves or ask the librarian if it’s currently unavailable. Once I find the book, I bring it to the librarian’s desk, where they log it into the system. I show my library card, and the librarian stamps the book with the due date. Finally, I carry the book home, remembering to return it on time.

Booking a Cinema Ticket Online
To book a cinema ticket online, I open the cinema’s website or use a ticketing app. I select the movie, showtime, and the number of tickets. Then, I choose my preferred seating arrangement. I proceed to the payment section and enter my payment details. After the transaction is successful, I receive an e-ticket via email or a QR code on the app. I can show this ticket at the cinema for entry.

Drawing Money from My Bank Account
To draw money from my bank account, I visit an ATM or use an online banking app. At the ATM, I insert my debit card, enter my PIN, and select the ‘Withdraw’ option. I choose the amount to withdraw and confirm the transaction. The ATM dispenses the cash, and I take my card and receipt. For online banking, I log in to the app, select the withdrawal option, and transfer funds to my account or withdrawal service.

My First Attempt to Learn Swimming
On my first attempt to learn swimming, I was nervous but excited. I entered the shallow end of the pool with my instructor. At first, I practiced floating on my back, trying to stay calm in the water. The instructor guided me through basic strokes like the dog paddle. Although I struggled initially with breathing and coordination, I slowly started feeling more comfortable. By the end of the session, I felt a sense of achievement despite my early challenges.

Behavior During a Cricket Match
During a cricket match, the crowd is often filled with enthusiasm and energy. Fans cheer loudly for every boundary and wicket, waving banners and shouting encouragement. Players on the field focus intently, while fielders stay alert for any opportunity to make a catch or run out. The atmosphere is tense, especially during close moments, with everyone holding their breath. The crowd sometimes groans when a bad delivery or shot occurs but erupts in joy when their team performs well. The match is filled with excitement and energy from both players and spectators.

Words Followed by Prepositions Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Write suitable Prepositions

Preposition

Some Useful Phrases and Idioms Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Fill in the blanks

Matching

Exercise 29.2 Match the following idiomatic expressions with their meanings.

A	B
1. An eye for an eye	a. to blame
2. An old hand	b. to tolerate
3. An old head on young shoulders	c. to understand
4. To have a finger in every pie	d. to create a bad impression
5. To put up with	e. wisdom in a very young person
6. To see through	f. to pay an excessive price
7. To cut a sorry figure	g. to interfere to be concerned with many things
8. To find fault with	h. to use unfair means to harm someone
9. To hit below the belt	i. to take revenge as severely as one was hurt
10. To pay through the nose	j. an experienced person

Answers:
1. An eye for an eye – i. to take revenge as severely as one was hurt
2. An old hand – j. an experienced person
3. An old head on young shoulders – e. wisdom in a very young person
4. To have a finger in every pie – g. to interfere or be concerned with many things
5. To put up with – b. to tolerate
6. To see through – c. to understand
7. To cut a sorry figure – d. to create a bad impression
8. To find fault with  – a. to blame
9. To hit below the belt – h. to use unfair means to harm someone
10. To pay through the nose – f. to pay an excessive price

Phrasal Expression

Exercise 29.3 Here are some phrasal expressions. Match them with their meanings. (Take the help of the dictionary) :-

1. A Red-Letter Day (a) a warm welcome
2. out of order (b) obliging each other mutually
3. off and on (c) to feel or be self- important
4. with open arms (d) an act of kindness
5. from hand to mouth (e) to wait with pleasure
6. to keep pace with (f) poverty
7. to give oneself (g) now and again
8. give and take (h) to move at an equal speed
9. a good turn (i) a memorable
10. look forward to (j) not in working condition

Answers: 
1. A Red-Letter Day - i.           a memorable day
2. Out of order -                  j. not in working condition
3. Off and on -                    g. now and again
4. With open arms -                a. a warm welcome 
5. From hand to mouth -            f. poverty
6. To keep pace with -             h. to move at an equal speed
7. To give oneself airs -          c. to feel or be self-important
8. Give and take -                 b. obliging each other mutually
9. A good turn -                   d. an act of kindness
10. Look forward to -              e. to wait with pleasure

Idiomatic Expression

Exercise 29.4 Explain briefly the following idiomatic expression in the space given :-

1. call off ______________________________________________________
2. to face the music ______________________________________________________
3. to fight shy of ______________________________________________________
4. call upon ______________________________________________________
5. pull through ______________________________________________________
6. to go to the dogs ______________________________________________________
7. a fair-weather friend ______________________________________________________
8. to keep one’s fingers crossed ______________________________________________________
9. hold back ______________________________________________________
10. tell upon ______________________________________________________

Answers :
1. call off
To cancel or stop something that was planned or in progress.
Example: The event was called off due to bad weather.
2. to face the music
To confront the consequences of one’s actions or decisions.
Example: After failing the exam, he had to face the music from his parents.
3. to fight shy of
To avoid something or be reluctant to engage in something.
Example: He fights shy of public speaking because he gets nervous.
4. call upon
To formally request or invite someone to do something.
Example: The teacher called upon the students to submit their assignments.
5. pull through
To recover from a difficult or dangerous situation, especially illness or hardship.
Example: After the surgery, the patient managed to pull through.
6. to go to the dogs
To deteriorate or become ruined, especially morally or financially.
Example: The company has gone to the dogs since the new management took over.
7. a fair-weather friend
A person who is only a friend during good times but abandons others in difficult situations.
Example: When he lost his job, he realized who his fair-weather friends were.
8. to keep one’s fingers crossed
To hope for a positive outcome or good luck.
Example: She kept her fingers crossed while waiting for the exam results.
9. hold back
To restrain oneself or prevent something from progressing.
Example: He had to hold back his emotions during the speech.
10. tell upon
To have a noticeable negative effect on someone or something.
Example: The long hours of work began to tell upon his health.

Idioms

Single word

Making Sentences

Exercise 29.7 Make your own sentences of the following expressions :-
1. on and on, 2. by and by, 3. up and about, 4. more or less, 5. touch and go

Answers:
1. on and on
The speaker went on and on about the importance of hard work during the seminar.
2. by and by
By and by, he started to understand the complexities of the new project.
3. up and about
After a week of rest, she was finally up and about, feeling much better.
4. more or less
The new plan is more or less finalized, but there are still a few details to iron out.
5. touch and go
It was touch and go for a while, but the doctors managed to save the patient in the end.

Spellings Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Missing words

Exercise 28.1 Complete the word by putting in the missing letters :-

1. b – – utif – –
2. ma – – yi – –
3. change – – – –
4. liv – – g
5. courage – – s
6. sk – – f – l
7. conc – – ve
8. s – – ze
9. engage – – – t
10. occu – – ed

Answers:
1. beautiful
2. mysterious
3. changing
4. living
5. courageous
6. skillful
7. conceive
8. seize
9. engagement
10. occupied

Correct spelling

Fill in the missing letters

Exercise 27.3 Complete the following by filling in the missing letters. One has been done for you :-

1. judge	judging	judgement
2. knowledge	– – – knowledge	– – – knowledg – – – t
3. ar – – –	argu – – g	argu – – n –
4. hum – – r	humo – – – s	humor – – t
5. fulfil	ful – – – – ed	ful – i – – – n –
6. re – – –	refer – – – g	re – – – en – –
7. – – – form	per – – – m – – g	per – – – m – – c –
8. occur	oc – – – – e –	occ – – – e – – e

Answers :

2. knowledge acknowledging acknowledgement
3. argue arguing argument
4. humor humorous humorist
5. fulfil fulfilled fulfilment
6. refer referring reference
7. perform performing performance
8. occur occurrence occurrence

Words

Exercise 27.4 Find, at least five new words, with the help of the dictionary for each of the groups given below :-

GROUP 1 : Words ending in ar, er, and re.
ar similar ___________________________________________________________
er prayer ____________________________________________________________
or tailor ______________________________________________________________
re centre ____________________________________________________________

GROUP 2 : Words ending in al, el or le.
al equal ____________________________________________
el label ____________________________________________
le angle ___________________________________________

GROUP 3 : Words ending in ur, ure, eur, our.
ur murmur ___________________________________________________
ure manure ___________________________________________________
eur grandeur __________________________________________________
our harbour ____________________________________________________

GROUP 4 : Words ending in ry, ary, ery, ory.
ry country __________________________________________
ary February __________________________________________
ery nursery __________________________________________
ory history __________________________________________

GROUP 5 : Words ending in ant, ent, ient.
ant assistant __________________________________________
ent serpent __________________________________________
ient ancient __________________________________________

GROUP 6 : Words ending in ance, ence, ense.
ance entrance __________________________________________
ence sentence __________________________________________
ense nonsense __________________________________________

GROUP 7 : Words ending in able, ible.
able valuable __________________________________________
ible horrible __________________________________________

GROUP 8 : Words ending in city or sity.
city scarcity __________________________________________
sity university __________________________________________

GROUP 9 : Words ending in -ous, -ious.
ous joyous __________________________________________
ious anxious __________________________________________

GROUP 10. : Words ending in -cial, -tial.
cial special __________________________________________
tial essential __________________________________________

GROUP 11 : Words ending in -tion, -sion.
tion action __________________________________________
sion decision __________________________________________

Answers :
GROUP 1: Words ending in -ar, -er, -or, -re.

• ar: similar, circular, popular, regular, linear
• er: prayer, listener, writer, manager, teacher
• or: tailor, director, professor, visitor, mentor
• re: centre, genre, acre, theatre, fibre

GROUP 2: Words ending in -al, -el, -le.

• al: equal, final, legal, vital, normal
• el: label, tunnel, parcel, camel, hotel
• le: angle, battle, circle, puzzle, simple

GROUP 3: Words ending in -ur, -ure, -eur, -our.

• ur: murmur, blur, stir, fur, occur
• ure: manure, nature, culture, feature, gesture
• eur: grandeur, amateur, chauffeur, entrepreneur, connoisseur
• our: harbour, honour, colour, favour, neighbour

GROUP 4: Words ending in -ry, -ary, -ery, -ory.

• ry: country, victory, gallery, library, battery
• ary: February, library, boundary, dictionary, military
• ery: nursery, bakery, surgery, slavery, mystery
• ory: history, laboratory, territory, inventory, factory

GROUP 5: Words ending in -ant, -ent, -ient.

• ant: assistant, accountant, immigrant, participant, merchant
• ent: serpent, resident, student, president, client
• ient: ancient, efficient, patient, recipient, sufficient

GROUP 6: Words ending in -ance, -ence, -ense.

• ance: entrance, performance, guidance, resistance, acceptance
• ence: sentence, experience, presence, reference, silence
• ense: nonsense, immense, defense, expense, tense

GROUP 7: Words ending in -able, -ible.

• able: valuable, acceptable, admirable, comfortable, reliable
• ible: horrible, terrible, visible, incredible, flexible

GROUP 8: Words ending in -city, -sity.

• city: scarcity, ferocity, capacity, velocity, electricity
• sity: university, diversity, curiosity, necessity, intensity

GROUP 9: Words ending in -ous, -ious.

• ous: joyous, curious, dangerous, famous, glorious
• ious: anxious, delicious, ambitious, gracious, suspicious

GROUP 10: Words ending in -cial, -tial.

• cial: special, social, official, financial, crucial
• tial: essential, initial, potential, substantial, confidential

GROUP 11: Words ending in -tion, -sion.

sion: decision, television, explosion, confusion, invasion
tion: action, education, station, creation, nation

Word Power Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

One word

Exercise 27.1 Give one word for the following. One has been done for you :-

1. A person who wears and shows clothes to possible buyers.	A MODEL
2. Looks after a house and family	A H – – – – W – – E
3. Writes music	A C – – P – S – –
4. Builds houses	A – U I – – – –
5. Designs houses	An – – C – I – – C –
6. Cures sick animals	A V – –
7. Cooks in a hotel or restaurant	A – – – F
8. Paints pictures	An A – – – S –
9. Builds roads, bridges, dams etc.	An – – G – – EE –
10. Decides cases	A – – D – E

Answers:
2. Looks after a house and family: A HOUSEWIFE
3. Writes music: A COMPOSER
4. Builds houses: A BUILDER
5. Designs houses: AN ARCHITECT
6. Cures sick animals: A VET
7. Cooks in a hotel or restaurant: A CHEF
8. Paints pictures: AN ARTIST
9. Builds roads, bridges, dams etc.: AN ENGINEER
10. Decides cases: A JUDGE

Synonym

Exercise 27.2 Underline the word which is not a synonym and does not match the rest.

1. Curious, inquisitive, sensitive, prying
2. Border, margin, edge, circle
3. Attract, offend, charm, fascinate
4. Attempt, distract, try, endeavour
5. Excellent, depressed, downcast, dejected
6. Delay, hurry, lag, loiter
7. First, final, ultimate, last
8. Rebellion, revolution, revolt, revenge
9. Lawful, legal, immoral, legitimate
10. Make, form, shape, same
11. Ruthless, sympathy, compassion, pity
12. Plan, design, project, plastic
13. Weak, stout, tough, sturdy
14. Stupid, dull, dense, bright,
15. Sufficient, meagre, enough, adequate
16. Catch, throw, toss, hurl
17. Healthy, robust, hale, unwell,
18. Agony, misery, distress, gaiety
19. Mirth, laughter, glee, sober
20. Impel, force, spur, obstruct

Answers :
1. Sensitive (The others mean curious or nosy)
2. Circle (The others refer to a boundary or edge)
3. Offend (The others mean to attract or charm)
4. Distract (The others mean to try or attempt)
5. Excellent (The others mean feeling down or sad)
6. Hurry (The others mean to delay or slow down)
7. First (The others mean last or final)
8. Revenge (The others refer to a rebellion or uprising)b
9. Immoral (The others mean lawful or legal)
10. Same (The others mean to make or form)
11. Ruthless (The others refer to feelings of sympathy or compassion)
12. Plastic (The others refer to a plan or design)
13. Weak (The others mean strong or sturdy)
14. bright (The others mean strong or sturdy)
15. Meagre (The others mean sufficient or enough)
16. Catch (The others refer to misery or distress)
17. Unwell (The others mean healthy or robust)
18. Gaiety (The others mean agony or misery)
19. Sober (The others mean laughter or mirth)
20. Obstruct (The others mean to impel or force)

Antonyms

Exercise 27.3 Give two Antonyms for each of the following words :-
1. Dull _______________________________
2. Bold _______________________________
3. Strict _______________________________
4. End ________________________________
5. Physical ___________________________
6. Inferior ____________________________
7. Friendship ________________________
8. Condemn __________________________
9. Accept _____________________________
10. Above ____________________________

Answers:
1. Dull: Bright, Sharp
2. Bold: Timid, Shy
3. Strict: Lenient, Flexible
4. End: Begin, Start
5. Physical: Mental, Spiritual
6. Inferior: Superior, Excellent
7. Friendship: Enmity, Hostility
8. Condemn: Praise, Approve
9. Accept: Reject, Refuse
10. Above: Below, Beneath

Synonyms

Exercise 27.4 Group the following verbs as synonyms under the heading encourage and synonyms under the heading discourage :-

dishearten, check, persuade, induce, incite, coax, deter, cajole, disapprove, criticise

Answers :-
Encourage (Synonyms):

Persuade
Induce
Incite
Coax
Cajole

Discourage (Synonyms):

Criticise
Dishearten
Check
Deter
Disapprove

New word

Exercise 27.5 Choose from the box above and make a new word.

Prefix	Base word	New word
	advantage
	final
	understood
	Yamuna
	stop
	date
	Indian
	cover
	definite
	weekly

Answers:
1. Dis + advantage = Disadvantage
2. Re + final = Refinal
3. Mis + understood = Misunderstood
4. Re + Yamuna = Re-Yamuna (not commonly used)
5. Non + stop = Nonstop
6. Out + date = Outdate
7. Non + Indian = Non-Indian
8. Un + cover = Uncover
9. In + definite = Indefinite
10. Bi + weekly = Biweekly

Prefix dis or mis

Exercise 27.6 Form new words by using the prefix dis or mis :-
1. _________________ doing
2. _________________ connect
3. _________________ continue
4. _________________ direct
5. _________________ fortune
6. _________________ comfort
7. _________________ arrange
8. _________________ believe
9. _________________ deed
10. _________________ order

Answers:
1. Misdoing
2. Disconnect
3. Discontinue
4. Misdirect
5. Misfortune
6. Discomfort
7. Disarrange
8. Disbelieve
9. Misdeed
10. Disorder

Adding Suffixes

Exercise 27.7 With the help of the box make new words by adding suffixes :-

Base Word	Suffix	New word
1. confer	___________________________________	___________________________________
2. noticed	___________________________________	___________________________________
3. reduce	___________________________________	___________________________________
4. govern	___________________________________	___________________________________
5. lazy	___________________________________	___________________________________
6. combine	___________________________________	___________________________________
7. child	___________________________________	___________________________________
8. employer	___________________________________	___________________________________
9. harm	___________________________________	___________________________________
10. immigrant	___________________________________	___________________________________
11. depressed	___________________________________	___________________________________
12. educate	___________________________________	___________________________________

Answers:
1. Confer + -ence = Conference
2. Notice + -able = Noticeable
3. Reduce + -tion = Reduction
4. Govern + -ment = Government
5. Lazy + -ness = Laziness
6. Combine + -ation = Combination
7. Child + -hood = Childhood
8. Employer + -ee = Employee
9. Harm + -ful = Harmful
10. Immigrant + -ion = Immigration
11. Depress + -ion = Depression
12. Educate + -ion = Education

Compound words

Exercise 27.8 Make compound words by matching words in column A with those of column B.

A	B
1. Whole	a. yard
2. torch	b. proof
3. hand	c. drum
4. pass	d. pocket
5. with	e. writer
6. back	f. bearer
7. water	g. loom
8. pick	h. hold
9. ear	i. some
10. type	j. port

Answers:
1. Whole + i. some = Wholesome
2. Torch + b. proof = Torchproof
3. Hand + f. bearer = Handbearer
4. Pass + j. port = Passport
5. With + h. hold = Withhold
6. Back + a. yard = Backyard
7. Water + c. drum = Waterdrum
8. Pick + d. pocket = Pickpocket
9. Ear + g. loom = Earloom (heirloom)
10. Type + e. writer = Typewriter

Fill in the blanks

Punctuations and Capital Letters Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Insert Commas

Exercise 26.1 Insert Commas where necessary :-
1. When most people of Goa India they think of Beautiful beaches they do not think of heat or other discomforts.
2. Yesterday I bought a new battery for my C.D. player.
3. It took us about 80 minutes to finish the yellow trail as we were in no hurry. We could have gone faster but there was a lot traffic with so many people in the trail. We heard the calls of various birds felt the crunch of gravel beneath our shoes the roughness of tree’s and mint and fruit such as jack-fruit and mango.
4. Fortunately we had good weather today and everyone enjoyed themselves. Infact today was one of the loveliest days we spent on this island.
5. “Please Sita don’t forgot about bringing a camera with you can take pictures” said Ravi. “Good idea” said Sita “What about food?” she asked after a few minutes pause.
“Let’s take something practical” said Ravi. ‘Let’s take some sandwiches some biscuits and fruits then we won’t need to cook.

Answers:
1. When most people think of Goa, India, they think of beautiful beaches; they do not think of heat or other discomforts.
2. Yesterday, I bought a new battery for my C.D. player.
3. It took us about 80 minutes to finish the yellow trail, as we were in no hurry. We could have gone faster, but there was a lot of traffic with so many people on the trail. We heard the calls of various birds, felt the crunch of gravel beneath our shoes, the roughness of trees, and mint and fruit such as jackfruit and mango.
4. Fortunately, we had good weather today, and everyone enjoyed themselves. In fact, today was one of the loveliest days we spent on this island.
5. Please, Sita, don’t forget about bringing a camera so you can take pictures,” said Ravi. “Good idea,” said Sita. “What about food?” she asked after a few minutes’ pause.
“Let’s take something practical,” said Ravi. “Let’s take some sandwiches, some biscuits, and fruits; then we won’t need to cook.”

Full Stop

Exercise 26.2 Place a full stop, note of interrogation or exclamation and comma, wherever necessary :-

1. How exciting your climb on the Everest must be
2. Oh yes, it was a marvellous adventure
3. You carried oxygen with you, didn’t you
4. Are there more bundles to be tied up and sent to the godown
5. What a delightful movie it was
6. Who has run away with my camera
7. How I wish I hadn’t agreed to his proposal
8. Would you mind moving away your car
9. “Where have you been” she said to me
10. “Ouch” he said “Why did you hurt me so much nurse”

Answers:
1. How exciting your climb on the Everest must be!
2. Oh yes, it was a marvellous adventure.
3. You carried oxygen with you, didn’t you?
4. Are there more bundles to be tied up and sent to the godown?
5. What a delightful movie it was!
6. Who has run away with my camera?
7. How I wish I hadn’t agreed to his proposal!
8. Would you mind moving away your car?
9. “Where have you been?” she said to me.
10. “Ouch!” he said. “Why did you hurt me so much, nurse?

Punctuation marks

Exercise 26.3 Punctuate the following passage by putting in the necessary punctuation marks and capital letters :-

1. before reading on there are two things you should know about ghosts according to an unwritten international conversation they will not make themselves visible to people who do not believe in them.
2. the professor was silent
whod produce his favourite foods the moment foods the moment it was time but of course i believe in you mrs gruff he said comfortingly
do you she asked and vanished
how tiresome women can be he thought fancy going off like that in the middle of an argument do you believe in me mrs gruff asked out of the air swinging from the ceiling fan
of course i do but not when you do foolish things come down at once or you II break your neck
3. mrs sarojini naidu called for prayer before the march started she exhorted them gandhis body is in goal but his soul is with you indias prestige is in your hands

Answers:
1. Before reading on, there are two things you should know about ghosts: according to an unwritten international convention, they will not make themselves visible to people who do not believe in them.
2. The professor was silent.
“Who’d produce his favorite foods the moment it was time? But of course I believe in you, Mrs. Gruff,” he said comfortingly.
“Do you?” she asked, and vanished.
“How tiresome women can be!” he thought. “Fancy going off like that in the middle of an argument.”
“Do you believe in me?” Mrs. Gruff asked, out of the air, swinging from the ceiling fan.
“Of course I do, but not when you do foolish things. Come down at once, or you’ll break your neck.”
3. Mrs. Sarojini Naidu called for prayer before the march started. She exhorted them, “Gandhi’s body is in jail, but his soul is with you. India’s prestige is in your hands.”

Dialogue

Exercise 26.4 Punctuate the following dialogue between the Wolf and Grandma and Red Riding Hood. Use capital letters where required.
wolf may i come in
grandma (terrified) : he’s going to eat me up, help
(grandma was absolutely right he ate her up in one big bite.)
red riding hood comes in, she stopped she stared and then she said.
what big ears you have grandma all the better to hear you with the wolf replied what big eyes you have Grandma said little red riding hood. all the better to see you with the wolf replied.

Answers:
Wolf: “May I come in?”
Grandma (terrified): “He’s going to eat me up! Help!”
(Grandma was absolutely right. He ate her up in one big bite.)
Red Riding Hood comes in. She stopped, she stared, and then she said, “What big ears you have, Grandma!”
“All the better to hear you with,” the Wolf replied.
“What big eyes you have, Grandma,” said Little Red Riding Hood.
“All the better to see you with,” the Wolf replied.

Direct -Indirect Speech Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Indirect Speech

Exercise 25.1 Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :-

1. Our teacher said to us, “Do not make a noise while I am away.”
2.”I haven’t seen you for ages,” said Leela to her cousin Sumit.
3. The detective said to Raman, “I saw you at the hotel last week.”
4. He said, “Key West is the southern most point of the United States.”
5. My mother said to me, “I think your friend Tania is not a trustworthy girl.”
6. My father said to my brother, “Pay attention while you are driving.”
7. My friend said , I will bring your birthday cake in the evening.”
8. Rashmi said, “Please help in carrying these heavy packages to my car.”
9. “Don’t put any sugar in my coffee. “said my friend to me.
10. The shopkeeper said to my friend, ‘Buy this pair of shoes. They are the latest design and will last you a long time.”

Answers:
1. Our teacher told us not to make a noise while she was away.
2. Leela told her cousin Sumit that she hadn’t seen him for ages.
3. The detective told Raman that he had seen him at the hotel the previous week.
4. He said that Key West is the southernmost point of the United States.
5. My mother told me that she thought my friend Tania was not a trustworthy girl.
6. My father told my brother to pay attention while he was driving.
7. My friend said that she would bring my birthday cake in the evening.
8. Rashmi requested me to help in carrying those heavy packages to her car.
9. My friend told me not to put any sugar in his coffee.
10. The shopkeeper told my friend to buy that pair of shoes, saying they were the latest design and would last him a long time.

Speech

Exercise 24.2 Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :-

1. My mother said to me, “Are your brothers playing in the garden?”
2. The teacher said to the boys, “When did the match end?”
3. The master said, ” Mohan, why didn’t you inform me earlier about this accident?”
4. ‘Please Sir, can I have some more food?” said Oliver.
5. My father said to me, “Have you paid the electricity bill?”
6. The Director said to the young applicant for the job, “Is it for the first time you have applied for a manager’s post?”
7. She said to the beautician, “How can I lose weight?”
8. “Why don’t you come over for dinner on Friday?” Sheila said to me.

Answers:
1. My mother asked me if my brothers were playing in the garden.
2. The teacher asked the boys when the match had ended.
3. The master asked Mohan why he had not informed him earlier about the accident.
4. Oliver requested the Sir if he could have some more food.
5. My father asked me if I had paid the electricity bill.
6. The Director asked the young applicant for the job if it was the first time he had applied for a manager’s post.
7. She asked the beautician how she could lose weight.
8. Sheila asked me why I didn’t come over for dinner on Friday.

Indirect speech

Exercise 25.3 Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech. Use the words given in box for the Introductory Verb “said” :-

Command, advise, beseech, request, deny, order, promise, remind, apologise, inform

1. The nurse said to me, “The doctor can spare only a few minutes for you,”
2. The boy said, I didn’t hit Ramesh.”
3. The gardener said the boys, “Get off the grass immediately.”
4. Jasbir said to his mother, “I will tidy up my room when I come back from the match.”
5. Radha said to her teacher, “I am sorry I forgot to do the homework”
6. My brother said to me, “Remember to thank your friend for his help.”
7. The mother said to them, “I beg you not to hurt my child.”
8. The Instructor said, “Don’t cry, you try again to do the exercise.”
9. “Would you please lend me your camera?” said the boy to his friend.
10. The teacher said to the boy, “You must work hard if you want to win the scholarship.”

Answers:
1.The nurse informed me that the doctor could spare only a few minutes for me.
2. The boy denied having hit Ramesh.
3. The gardener ordered the boys to get off the grass immediately.
4. Jasbir promised his mother that he would tidy up his room when he came back from the match.
5. Radha apologised to her teacher, saying that she was sorry she had forgotten to do the homework.
6. My brother reminded me to thank my friend for his help.
7. The mother beseeched them not to hurt her child.
8. The Instructor ordered not to cry and to try again to do the exercise.
9. The boy requested his friend to lend him his camera.
10. The teacher advised the boy that he must work hard if he wanted to win the scholarship.

Indirect Speech

Exercise 25.4 Change the following into Indirect Speech :-

1. “Oh! what a lovely dress, “said Roshni.
2. “Happy New Year,” said John to Mary.
3. “Alas ! I lost my best gold chain,” said Rani to her friend.
4. “What a tragedy!” said he.
5. “May God bless you for your kindness!” said the poor boy to his master.

Answers:
1. Roshni exclaimed that it was a lovely dress.
2. John wished Mary a Happy New Year.
3. Rani exclaimed with regret that she had lost her best gold chain.
4. He exclaimed that it was a tragedy.
5. The poor boy prayed that God might bless his master for his kindness.

Indirect speech

Exercise 25.5 Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :-

1. The teacher cried out angrily, “What are you doing, Raman? If you do not attend to the lesson, I shall send you to the Headmaster and you will be punished. Look into your book and do not let me catch you playing again.”
2. Next morning at breakfast his wife said to him, “George, I think I can tell what is wrong with our clock.” “Well, what is it?” He sharply asked. “It wants winding up,” said his partner quietly.
3. The father said angrily to his son, “Where have you been all this time? I saw you here last at ten in the morning. Go at once and change for dinner.”
4. “What will you give me if I spin this straw into gold?” he asked. “You shall have the ring from my finger,” said the girl.
5. “Will you come to my palace with me and be my wife?” said the king. “Yes”, said she, “if you allow me to have my fawn with me always.”
6. He said, “Who are you to speak to me like this? Don’t you know that I am your master and you are my servant? You must carry out my orders, whether you like them or not.”
7. “Are you angry, my friends,” said the king, “Because you have lost your leader? I am your king; I will be your leader.”
8. “Curse it!” exclaimed the driver. “Who could have foreseen such ill-luck? But for the accident we should have reached home before the sunset.”
9. The traveller said to the policeman, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?” “Yes,” said the policeman, “Do you want one in which you can spend the night?” “No,” replied the traveller, “I only want a meal.”
10. “You say,” said the judge, “The bag you lost contained one hundred and ten rupees.” “Yes, your Honour,” replied the miser. “Then as this one contains one hundred rupees it cannot be yours.”

Answers :
1. The teacher cried out angrily and asked Raman what he was doing. He warned him that if he did not attend to the lesson, he would send him to the Headmaster and he would be punished. He then instructed him to look into his book and not to let him catch him playing again.
2. Next morning, at breakfast, his wife told George that she thought she could tell what was wrong with their clock. He sharply asked her what it was. She quietly replied that it wanted winding up.
3. The father angrily asked his son where he had been all this time, telling him that he had last seen him at ten in the morning. He then ordered him to go at once and change for dinner.
4 .He asked her what she would give him if he spun the straw into gold. The girl replied that he should have the ring from her finger.
5. The king asked her if she would come to his palace with him and be his wife. She replied that she would if he allowed her to have her fawn with her always.
6. He asked angrily who she was to speak to him like that, and if she did not know that he was her master and she was his servant. He then commanded her to carry out his orders, whether she liked them or not.
7. The king asked his friends if they were angry because they had lost their leader, and then assured them that he was their king and would be their leader.
8. The driver cursed the situation and exclaimed that no one could have foreseen such ill-luck. He lamented that but for the accident, they would have reached home before sunset.
9. The traveller asked the policeman if he could tell him the way to the nearest hotel. The policeman replied affirmatively and asked if he wanted one where he could spend the night. The traveller replied that he only wanted a meal.
10. The judge said that the miser had stated that the bag he lost contained one hundred and ten rupees. The miser replied affirmatively. The judge then said that as the bag contained only one hundred rupees, it could not be his.

Direct speech

Exercise 25.6 Turn the following into Direct Speech :-
1. The policeman ordered the driver to step out oft he car.
2. The policeman charged the driver with speeding.
3. The driver denied the charge.
4. The policeman insisted that he did and would have to pay a fine for speeding.
5. The driver protested but then gave Rs 600 as fine.

Answers:
1. The policeman said to the driver, “Step out of the car.”
2. The policeman said to the driver, “You have been speeding.”
3. The driver replied, “I did not speed.”
4. The policeman said, “Yes, you did, and you will have to pay a fine for speeding.”
5. The driver protested, “But this is unfair!” However, he then said, “Here is Rs 600 as the fine.”

The Sequence of Tenses Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Correct tense of the verb:

Correct the following sentences

Exercise 24.2 Correct the following sentences and rewrite them :-

1. I hoped that she will pass.
2. The doctor sad that she will soon recover.
3. I warned her lest she may make a mistake.
4. He said that the sun rose in the east.
5. We returned home as soon as it begins to rain.
6. The teacher taught that wood was lighter than water.
7. She told us that honestly was the best policy.
8. We were afraid lest they ,ay get hurt.
9. I found that she has told a lie.
10. The sage said that soul was immortal.
11. She said me the film was terrible.
12. She advise me to buy a dictionary.
13. I didn’t wanted to go at first but she persuade me.
14. They watch the film together and they discuss it in small groups yesterday.
15. I didn’t think it is my fault but they still blame me.

Answers:
1. I hoped that she will pass.
→ I hoped that she would pass.
2. The doctor sad that she will soon recover.
→ The doctor said that she would soon recover.
3. I warned her lest she may make a mistake.
→ I warned her lest she should make a mistake.
4. He said that the sun rose in the east.
→ He said that the sun rises in the east.
5. We returned home as soon as it begins to rain.
→ We returned home as soon as it began to rain.
6 . The teacher taught that wood was lighter than water.
→ The teacher taught that wood is lighter than water.
7. She told us that honestly was the best policy.
→ She told us that honesty was the best policy.
8. We were afraid lest they ,ay get hurt.
→ We were afraid lest they should get hurt.
9. I found that she has told a lie.
→ I found that she had told a lie.
10. The sage said that soul was immortal.
→ The sage said that the soul was immortal.
11. She said me the film was terrible.
→ She told me the film was terrible.
12. She advise me to buy a dictionary.
→ She advised me to buy a dictionary.
13. I didn’t wanted to go at first but she persuade me.
→ I didn’t want to go at first, but she persuaded me.
14. They watch the film together and they discuss it in small groups yesterday.
→ They watched the film together and discussed it in small groups yesterday.
15. I didn’t think it is my fault but they still blame me.
→ I didn’t think it was my fault, but they still blamed me.

Combination of Sentences Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Joining Sentences

Exercise 23.1 Join each of the following pairs. Sentences into a single sentence :-

(i) By using the Conjunction and :
1. My brother got a prize. My sister got a prize.
2. Mary is clever girl. Pinky is a clever girl.
3. The sun rises in the east. The sun sets in the west.
4. I can speak English. I can write English.
5. God made the country. Man made the town.

(ii) By using the Conjunction as well as :
1. Tom passed. Peter passed.
2. Sheila was to blame. Lily was to blame.
3. She sings. She plays the harmonium.
4. We should obey our parents. We should honour them.
5. The little child was fast asleep. Its mother was fast asleep.

(iii) By using the Conjunction not only…. but also :
1. He lost his ticket. He lost his luggage.
2. He was fined. He was sent to prison.
3. Bali told a lie. She deceived us.
4. She told a lie. She deceived us.
5. His enemies declared him to be guilty. His best friends declared him to be guilty.

(iv) By using Conjunction or :
1. Do you like tennis? Do you like badminton.
2. She must weep. She will die.
3. Do your work honestly. Leave my service.
4. You must obey the rules. You must leave the school.
5. You must tell the truth. You will be punished.

(v) By using the Conjunction either …. or
1. The king must attend the ceremony. The queen must attend the ceremony.
2. You can write with pencil. You can write in ink.
3. You should go there at once. Your brother should go there at once.
4. He has made a mistake. His brother has make a mistake.
5. Make your purchase. Get out of my shop.

(vi) By using the Conjunction neither … nor :
1. He has no gold. He has no silver.
2. She cannot read English. She cannot write English.
3. Do not be a borrower. Do not be a lender.
4. He does not love her. He does not hate her.
5. He did not admit it. He did not deny it.

(vii) By using the Conjunction else or otherwise :
1. You must work hard. You will not pass.
2. Walk quickly. You will miss the train.
3. Give her water immediately. She will die.
4. Do your work properly. You will be dismissed.
5. We must do our homework. The teacher will punish us.

Answers:
(i) By using the Conjunction “and”:
1. My brother got a prize and my sister got a prize.
2. Mary is a clever girl and Pinky is a clever girl.
3. The sun rises in the east and the sun sets in the west.
4. I can speak English and I can write English.
5. God made the country and man made the town.
(ii) By using the Conjunction “as well as”:
1. Tom passed as well as Peter.
2. Sheila was to blame as well as Lily.
3 .She sings as well as plays the harmonium.
4. We should obey our parents as well as honour them.
5. The little child was fast asleep as well as its mother.
(iii) By using the Conjunction “not only… but also”:
1. He lost not only his ticket but also his luggage.
2. He was not only fined but also sent to prison.
3. Bali not only told a lie but also deceived us.
4. She not only told a lie but also deceived us.
5. Not only his enemies but also his best friends declared him to be guilty.
(vi) By using the Conjunction “neither… nor”:
1. He has neither gold nor silver.
2. She can neither read nor write English.
3. Be neither a borrower nor a lender.
4. He neither loves her nor hates her.
5. He neither admitted it nor denied it.
(vii) By using the Conjunction “else” or “otherwise”:
1. You must work hard, else you will not pass.
2. Walk quickly, else you will miss the train.
3. Give her water immediately, otherwise she will die.
4. Do your work properly, otherwise you will be dismissed.
5. We must do our homework, else the teacher will punish us.

Single sentence

Exercise 23.2 Join each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into a single sentence :-

(i) By using the Conjunction but :
1. I called on you. You were not at home.
2. The days are hot. The nights are cold.
3. He was a good speaker. He was a bad writer.
4. She writes slowly. She Writes neatly.
5. He has passed. His sister had failed.
(ii) By using the Conjunction though, although, still or yet :
1. He has got a prize. He is not satisfied.
2. He is very rich. He is not contented.
3. He is sixty years old. He works very hard.
4. My uncle has great wealth. He is not work at all.
5. Bali is very poor. He does not work at all.
6. Hari worked hard. He could not succeed.
7. My uncle is very rich. He is not proud of his wealth.
8. Hari is very strong. He is not courageous.
9. He may deceive me. I trust him.
10. The poor man was very weak. He did a lot of work.
(iii) By using the Conjunction therefore or so :
1. I have caught a cold. I shall stay at home.
2. He was late. He could not catch the train.
3. He was found guilty. He was hanged.
4. I had a severe headache. I could not attend the school yesterday.
5. He was ill. He could not attend the meeting.

Answers:
(i) By using the Conjunction “but”:
1. I called on you, but you were not at home.
2. The days are hot, but the nights are cold.
3. He was a good speaker, but he was a bad writer.
4. She writes slowly, but she writes neatly.
5. He has passed, but his sister had failed.
(ii) By using the Conjunction “though,” “although,” “still,” or “yet”:
1. He has got a prize, though he is not satisfied.
2. He is very rich, yet he is not contented.
3. He is sixty years old, but he works very hard.
4. My uncle has great wealth, but he does not work at all.
5. Bali is very poor, yet he does not work at all.
6. Hari worked hard, but he could not succeed.
7. My uncle is very rich, but he is not proud of his wealth.
8. Hari is very strong, yet he is not courageous.
9. He may deceive me, but I trust him.
10. The poor man was very weak, yet he did a lot of work.
(iii) By using the Conjunction “therefore” or “so”:
1. I have caught a cold, so I shall stay at home.
2. He was late, so he could not catch the train.
3. He was found guilty, therefore he was hanged.
4. I had a severe headache, so I could not attend the school yesterday.
5. He was ill, so he could not attend the meeting.

Pairs of Simple Sentences

Exercise 23.3 Join each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into a single sentence :-

1. He could scarcely stand. He was very tired.
2. The meeting was over. All the people went home.
3. He was hanged. He had committed murder.
4. The thief saw the policeman coming. He immediately ran away.
5. He tried his best. He failed in the test.
6. He is very rich. He is not happy.
7. He worked hard. His purpose was to get a scholarship.
8. I am intelligent. My brother is more intelligent.
9. His brother loves him. He loves his brother more.
10. Rama works hard. his brother works equally hard.
11. He is patient. You are not equally hard.
12. All will respect you. You must be honest.
13. You must work hard. You will never succeed.
14. He heard the news. He began to weep.
15. You will never pass. You must work hard.

Answers:
1. He could scarcely stand because he was very tired.
2. The meeting was over, so all the people went home.
3. He was hanged because he had committed murder.
4. The thief saw the policeman coming, so he immediately ran away.
5. He tried his best, but he failed in the test.
6. He is very rich, but he is not happy.
7. He worked hard in order that he might get a scholarship.
8. I am intelligent, but my brother is more intelligent.
9. His brother loves him, but he loves his brother more.
10. Rama works hard, and his brother works equally hard.
11. He is patient, whereas you are not equally patient.
12. All will respect you if you are honest.
13. You must work hard, or you will never succeed.
14. He heard the news, and he began to weep.
15. You will never pass unless you work hard.

Single sentences:

Exercise 23.4 Join each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into a single sentence :-

1. I remember the house. I was born there.
2. Here is the pen. You were looking for it.
3. These are the boys. Their parents are dead.
4. Jack gets the first prize. He deserve it.
5. This is the place. The accident occurred here.
6. She is Mrs kaul. Her daughter is an actress.
7. We have found the book. We lost it yesterday.
8. The villagers are very lazy. You praised them so much.
9. My mother will always be grateful to you. You helped her.
10. The old man is my uncle. You have bought his house.

Answers:
1. I remember the house where I was born.
2. Here is the pen which you were looking for.
3. These are the boys whose parents are dead.
4. Jack gets the first prize because he deserves it.
5. This is the place where the accident occurred.
6. She is Mrs. Kaul, whose daughter is an actress.
7. We have found the book which we lost yesterday.
8. The villagers are very lazy, yet you praised them so much.
9. My mother will always be grateful to you for helping her.
10. The old man is my uncle, whose house you have bought.

Simple Sentences:

Exercise 23.5 Join each of the following pairs of Simple Sentences into a single sentence :-

1. He went to Agra. He wished to see the Taj Mahal.
2. She left tired. She laid her work aside.
3. He failed in the first attempt. He made no further attempt.
4. The police arrived. The thieves ran away.
5. The bank was closed. We could get any money.
6. She has eight children. She must look after them.
7. The lecture was over. We returned. home.
8. He finished his work. He went out for a walk.
9. Ashoka ruled over India. He was a good and noble king.
10. he was ill last month. He was unable to attend school.

Answers:
1. He went to Agra to see the Taj Mahal.
2. She left tired, so she laid her work aside.
3. He failed in the first attempt, and made no further attempt.
4. The police arrived, so the thieves ran away.
5. The bank was closed, so we could not get any money.
6. She has eight children, and she must look after them.
7. The lecture was over, so we returned home.
8. He finished his work, and then went out for a walk.
9. Ashoka ruled over India, and he was a good and noble king.
10. He was ill last month, so he was unable to attend school.

Conditional Clauses Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with Solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Complete the sentences

Exercise 22.1 Write the option which correctly completes the sentence. In some cases more than one or all might be correct :-

1. If it rains,
(i) the First Test Match will be cancelled.
(ii) the First Test Match would be cancelled.
(iii) the First Test Match ought to be cancelled.

2. When water freezes,
(i) it turns into ice.
(ii) it would turn into ice.
(iii) it should turns into ice.

3. If I have time,
(i) I shall go to the Book Fair.
(ii) I might go to the Book Fair.
(iii) I would to go the Book Fair.

4. If Hari meets Sameer,
(i) he must remind him to meet me.
(ii) remind him to meet me.
(iii) he ought to remind him to meet me.

5. If you will perform at my party,
(i) I will give you a big remuneration.
(ii) I must give you a big remuneration.
(iii) I might give you a big renumeration.

6. If I weren’t so busy,
(i) I would have gone to the exhibition.
(ii) I would go to the exhibition.
(iii0 I should visit the exhibition.

7. If I were you,
(i) I would never refuse Rohan’s offer.
(ii) I would never have refused Rohan’s offer.
(iii) I will never refuse Rohan’s offer.

8. If I were you,
(i) we may have forgive him.
(ii) we might have forgive him.
(iii) we would forgive him.

9. If he had admitted his mistake.
(i) I might buy a new car.
(ii) I shall buy a new car.
(iii) I would buy a new car.

10. If you want to keep fit,
(i) take exercise daily.
(ii) you should exercise daily.
(iii) you must take some exercise daily.

Answers:

1.If it rains,
(i) the First Test Match will be cancelled.
(For a realistic future possibility, use “will be.”)

2.When water freezes,
(i) it turns into ice.
(For scientific facts, use the present tense.)

3.If I have time,
(ii) I might go to the Book Fair.
(“Might” is correct for indicating possibility.)

4.If Hari meets Sameer,
(iii) he ought to remind him to meet me.
(“Ought to” is appropriate for suggesting a duty.)

5.If you will perform at my party,
(i) I will give you a big remuneration.
(For conditional agreements in the future, use “will.”)

6.If I weren’t so busy,
(ii) I would go to the exhibition.
(This is a second conditional sentence, imagining a present unreal situation.)

7.If I were you,
(i) I would never refuse Rohan’s offer.
(This is a hypothetical suggestion in the present or future.)

8.If I were you,
(iii) we would forgive him.
(This matches a hypothetical present situation.)

9.If he had admitted his mistake,
(iii) I would buy a new car.
(For third conditional structures, indicating a hypothetical past situation, use “would.”)

10.If you want to keep fit,
(ii) you should exercise daily.
(“Should” expresses advice.)

Use Conditional Clauses

Exercise 22.2 State what type of conditional clause is used in the following sentences (universal truth, likely or probable, unlikely or improbable, imaginary) :-

1. If you heat ice, it melts. ____________________________
2. If I win a lottery, I will buy a new house. ___________________
3. If I were a ghost, I will scare people. _______________________
4. If you had asked me to do it, I would have done it. ___________________
5. If I find anything wrong, I shall inform you. ____________________

Answers:
1. If you heat ice, it melts.
Universal Truth
(This expresses a general or scientific fact.)
2. If I win a lottery, I will buy a new house.
Likely or Probable
(This expresses a condition that is possible or likely to happen in the future.)
3. If I were a ghost, I would scare people.
Imaginary
(This expresses an unreal or hypothetical situation, imagining something that is not true.)
4. If you had asked me to do it, I would have done it.
Unlikely or Improbable
(This refers to a past condition that did not happen, so the result is impossible now.)
5. If I find anything wrong, I shall inform you.
Likely or Probable
(This expresses a condition that is possible or likely to happen in the future.)

Make ‘IF’ sentences

Exercise 22.3 Certain phrases are given in two boxes. Combine them to make an ‘if’ sentences :-

A	B
1. not to park here	You/plans failed
2. My parents agree	I/go abroad for studies.
3. If/you satisfied	he/included in the team
4. You/regulate diet	You/cured of Indigestion
5. You/plans failed	You/blame us.

Answers:
1. If you park here, you will be fined.
2. If my parents agree, I will go abroad for studies.
3. If you are satisfied, he will be included in the team.
4. If you regulate your diet, you will be cured of indigestion.
5. If your plans failed, you should not blame us.

had, should, unless, or were

Exercise 22.4 Remove if in the following sentences and use (had, should, unless, or were). Make the necessary changes :-

1. If I had not rung him up, he would not have come to my party.
Had _____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. If he does not satisfy you with this work, we will not employ him.
Unless ____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. If I met him tomorrow, I will inform him of your visit.
Should ___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. If you had worked hard you would not have been rejected today.
Had _______________________________________
5. If the patient feels pain, you should give him this injection.
Unless ____________________________________________________
6. If you go to the top of the buildings, you will see the fireworks. _______________________________
7. If I were the monitor, I would keep the class quiet. _____________________________________________
8. If poaching is not stopped, tigers will soon become extinct.
9. If there is not enough food, many animals will die. ______________________________________________
10. If I have the time, I shall go to the party. _______________________________________________________

Answers:
1. Had I not rung him up, he would not have come to my party.
2. Unless he satisfies you with his work, we will not employ him.
3. Should I meet him tomorrow, I will inform him of your visit.
4. Had you worked hard, you would not have been rejected today.
5. Unless the patient feels pain, you should not give him this injection.
6. Should you go to the top of the building, you will see the fireworks.
7. Were I the monitor, I would keep the class quiet.
8. Unless poaching is stopped, tigers will soon become extinct.
9. Unless there is enough food, many animals will die.
10. Should I have the time, I shall go to the party.

Relative Clauses Exercises with Answers for Class 8 and worksheet with solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Selecting the right words

Exercise 21.1 Write the right word in the the box to complete the sentences :-
1. He is neglecting the important work that was/which was given to him.
2. The police is questioning the driver who was/that was driving the blueline bus involved in the accident.
3. This is the most complicated case which/that I have been asked to solve.
4. The scooter which/that was found abandoned on the road, belonged to a noted criminal.
5. He distrusts people that/who flatter him.
6. I was the boy who/that instigated your son to steal.
7. I am looking for a worker that/who I can depend on.
8. J.R.D Tata was the most effective chairman that/which we ever had.
9. This is the famous beach which/that we visited last year.
10. The architect who/that designed this buildings is now working in Dubai.

Answers:
1. He is neglecting the important work that was given to him.
2. The police is questioning the driver who was driving the blueline bus involved in the accident.
3. This is the most complicated case that I have been asked to solve.
4. The scooter which was found abandoned on the road, belonged to a noted criminal.
5. He distrusts people who flatter him.
6. I was the boy who instigated your son to steal.
7. I am looking for a worker that I can depend on.
8. J.R.D Tata was the most effective chairman that we ever had.
9. This is the famous beach which we visited last year.
10. The architect who designed this building is now working in Dubai.

Join the sentences

Converting into relative clauses

Exercise 21.3 Combine the following sentences into one by converting one of them into a relative clauses. In some you can leave out who/which/that. Put commas whenever it is a non-defining relative clause. One has been done for you :-

1. This was my decision. regret it to this day.
2. My daughter has completed one course of antibiotics. It has not helped her at all.
3. The police interrogated the servant. My daughter had identified him.
4. This is the diamond necklace. My wife wants it.
5. Mr Gupta is our social science teacher. He can hold us spellbound with his stories.
6. This is the girl. I went to her house yesterday.
7. The Beastly Tales is written by Vikram Seth. It is one of my favourite books.
8. She is the girl. I went to her house yesterday.
9. I talked to the Home Minister about their case. He promised to take serious action.
10. I gave you a big loan last year. What have you done with it.

Answers:
1. This was my decision, which I regret to this day.
2. My daughter has completed one course of antibiotics, which has not helped her at all.
3. The police interrogated the servant, whom my daughter had identified.
4. This is the diamond necklace which my wife wants.
5. Mr. Gupta is our social science teacher, who can hold us spellbound with his stories.
6. This is the girl whose house I went to yesterday.
7. The Beastly Tales, which is written by Vikram Seth, is one of my favourite books.
8. She is the girl whose house I went to yesterday.
9. I talked to the Home Minister about their case, and he promised to take serious action.
10. I gave you a big loan last year; what have you done with it?

Adverb Clauses Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 20.1 Bold the Adverb Clauses in the following sentences, and say of what kind each is :-

1. We work that we may pass. ___________________________________
2. He is wiser than I am. ___________________________________________
3. Even if it rains, I shall come. _____________________________________
4. Though she is rich she is not happy. _____________________________
5. Although he failed, he was promoted. ____________________________
6. So good a woman is she that all followed him. ______________________
7. He talked in such a way that all followed him. _______________________
8. If you have tears prepare to shed them now. _________________________
9. Unless you work harder you will fail. ___________________________________
10. You must go there whether you like it or not. _________________________
11. He was very pleased that you had passed. ___________________________
12. Because I like her, I shall help her. ___________________________________
13. Since you are intelligent, you will pass easily. _________________________
14. As he was ill, he could not come to school. ____________________________
15. They worked hard that they might pass the examination. ______________

Answers:
1. We work that we may pass.
Adverb Clause of Purpose
2. He is wiser than I am.
Adverb Clause of Comparison
3. Even if it rains, I shall come.
Adverb Clause of Condition
4. Though she is rich, she is not happy.
Adverb Clause of Concession
5. Although he failed, he was promoted.
Adverb Clause of Concession
6. So good a woman is she that all followed her.
Adverb Clause of Result
7. He talked in such a way that all followed him.
Adverb Clause of Result
8. If you have tears, prepare to shed them now.
Adverb Clause of Condition
9. Unless you work harder, you will fail.
Adverb Clause of Condition
10. You must go there whether you like it or not.
Adverb Clause of Concession
11. He was very pleased that you had passed.
Adverb Clause of Reason
12. Because I like her, I shall help her.
Adverb Clause of Reason
13. Since you are intelligent, you will pass easily.
Adverb Clause of Reason
14. As he was ill, he could not come to school.
Adverb Clause of Reason
15. They worked hard that they might pass the examination.
Adverb Clause of Purpose

Exercise 20.2 Add a suitable Adverb Clause to each of the following :-
1. _______________________ he is honest.
2. Stop _______________________________.
3. He does ____________________________.
4. He spoke ____________________________.
5. I awarded _____________________________.
6. _____________ you will miss the train.
7. _________________________ he is honest.
8. Nobody trusts him ___________________.
9. He fled ________________________________.
10. He failed ______________________________.
11. The sun set ____________________________.
12. Wait here ______________________________.
13. I shall __________________________________.
14. You may do ____________________________ .
15. He was so tired _________________________.

Answers:
1. Although he is poor, he is honest.
2. Stop when I tell you to.
3. He does as he is instructed.
4. He spoke as if he knew everything.
5. I awarded him because he deserved it.
6. Hurry up or you will miss the train.
7. Whether you believe it or not, he is honest.
8. Nobody trusts him because he often lies.
9. He fled as soon as the police arrived.
10. He failed because he didn’t study enough.
11. The sun set after the long day ended.
12. Wait here until I return.
13. I shall help you if you need me.
14. You may do whatever you think is best.
15. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

Adjective Clauses Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 19.1 Bold the Adjectives Clauses in the following sentences :-

1. God helps those who help themselves.
2. This is the house where she lived.
3. This is the boy who stood first in the examination.
4. Here is the book you want.
5. He is not the man I can trust.
6. I remember the house where I was born.
7. I am the monarch of all I survey.
8. He that climbs too high is sure to fall.
9. The story he tells is untrue.
10. They never fail who die in a great cause.
11. The house that she lives in belongs to her father.
12. All that glitters is not gold.
13. He laughs best who laughs last.
14. He gave her everything she asked for.
15. He that is down need fear no fall.

Answers:
1. God helps those who help themselves.
2. This is the house where she lived.
3. This is the boy who stood first in the examination.
4. Here is the book you want.
5. He is not the man I can trust.
6. I remember the house where I was born.
7. I am the monarch of all I survey.
8. He that climbs too high is sure to fall.
9. The story he tells is untrue.
10. They never fail who die in a great cause.
11. The house that she lives in belongs to her father.
12. All that glitters is not gold.
13. He laughs best who laughs last.
14. He gave her everything she asked for.
15. He that is down need fear no fall.

Exercise 19.2 Fill in the blanks with suitable Adjectives Clauses :-

1. I know the place ______________.
2. He is the man _________________.
3. I want back the book ______________.
4. He never fails __________________.
5. Here is the book ________________.
6. God helps those ________________.
7. Blessed is he _________________.
8. He tells a tale ___________________.
9. This is the girl ____________________.
10. I met a girl ______________________.

Answers:
1. I know the place where she lives.
2. He is the man who helped me yesterday.
3. I want back the book that I lent you.
4. He never fails who works hard.
5. Here is the book that you were looking for.
6. God helps those who help themselves.
7. Blessed is he who trusts in the Lord.
8. He tells a tale that no one believes.
9. This is the girl who won the competition.
10. I met a girl who speaks five languages.

Noun Clauses Exercises with Answer for Class 8 and Worksheet with solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 18.1 Bold the Noun Clauses in each of the following sentences and say how it is used :-

1. There is no meaning in what she says. _________________________________________________
2. I do not know where you find her. _________________________________________________
3. It is not known who has stolen your book. _________________________________________________
4. That she should think so surprise me. _________________________________________________
5. Her fear is that the secret of her birth may be out. _________________________________________________
6. That he loves her is known to all. _________________________________________________
7. I have no faith in what she says. _________________________________________________
8. He asked me whether my father was at home. _________________________________________________
9. I think you have made a mistake. _________________________________________________
10. The truth is that we have been deceived. _________________________________________________
11. The news that he has failed is untrue. _________________________________________________
12. That he will pass this year is uncertain. _________________________________________________

Answers:
1. what she says – Object of the preposition “in.”
2. where you find her – Object of the verb “know.”
3. who has stolen your book – Subject of the verb “is known.”
4. That she should think so – Subject of the verb “surprises.”
5. that the secret of her birth may be out – Subject complement (explaining her fear).
6. That he loves her – Subject of the verb “is known.”
7. what she says – Object of the preposition “in.”
8. whether my father was at home – Object of the verb “asked.”
9. you have made a mistake – Object of the verb “think.”
10. that we have been deceived – Subject complement (explaining the truth).
11. that he has failed – Appositive, explaining “the news.”
12. That he will pass this year – Subject of the verb “is uncertain.

Exercise 18.2 Complete the following by adding Noun Clauses :-

1. Tell him __________________________________________.
2. It is certain __________________________________________.
3. He was pleased with __________________________________________.
4. I think __________________________________________.
5. She told us __________________________________________.
6. I fear __________________________________________.
7. He replied __________________________________________.
8. All thought __________________________________________.
9. No one knows __________________________________________.
10. He knew __________________________________________.
11. Can you guess __________________________________________.
12. Do you know __________________________________________.
13. Will you tell me __________________________________________.
14. __________________________________________ is quite certain.
15. __________________________________________ surprise me.

Answers:
1. Tell him what you plan to do.
2. It is certain that he will arrive on time.
3. He was pleased with how the event turned out.
4. I think that you should apologize.
5. She told us that she was leaving the city.
6. I fear that we might be too late.
7. He replied that he was not feeling well.
8. All thought that the plan would fail.
9. No one knows where she went after the meeting.
10. He knew that he had made a mistake.
11. Can you guess what I am thinking?
12. Do you know when the meeting will start?
13. Will you tell me why you are upset?
14. That he passed the exam is quite certain.
15. That you forgot my birthday surprises me.

Sentences – Simple, Compound, Complex Exercise with Answer for Class 8 and worksheet with Solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 17.1 Say which of the following sentences are Compound, and which are Complex? Also bold the Clause in each case :-

1. God helps those who help themselves.
2. Walk quickly, or you will miss the train.
3. I know where he has gone.
4. They rested when the night came.
5. I know a place where wild roses.
6. Work hard and you will pass.
7. Men may come, and men may go, but I go on forever.
8. Come tomorrow and get your money.
9. We returned home when the sun set.
10. All that glitters is not gold.
11. I think he is absent today.
12. I will live where you live.
13. Night came on and rain fell heavily and we all got very wet.
14. When I went to the bazaar this morning. I met my old friend whom I had not seen for three years.
15. I know the man who said that the earth is flat.
16. He goes to school but his sister stays at home.
17. I have no sympathy for a man who is not a hero in the battle of life.
18. He does not know who has stolen your books.
19. Ashok passed but Raman failed.
20. Nobody knows where he was murdered.
21. The news is so good that it cannot be true.
22. The boy who was lost yesterday has been found by the police.
23. Was he asleep or awake?
24. He went to the window to look out but found no one there.
25. When the cat is away the mouse is at play.

Answers:
1.God helps those who help themselves.
Complex (Adjective Clause: “who help themselves“)
2. Walk quickly, or you will miss the train.
Compound (Two independent clauses: “Walk quickly” and “you will miss the train“)
3. I know where he has gone.
Complex (Noun Clause: “where he has gone“)
4. They rested when the night came.
Complex (Adverb Clause: “when the night came“)
5. I know a place where wild roses grow.
Complex (Adjective Clause: “where wild roses grow“)
6. Work hard and you will pass.
Compound (Two independent clauses: “Work hard” and “you will pass“)
7. Men may come, and men may go, but I go on forever.
Compound (Three independent clauses: “Men may come“, “men may go“, and “I go on forever“)
8. Come tomorrow and get your money.
Compound (Two independent clauses: “Come tomorrow” and “get your money“)
9. We returned home when the sun set.
Complex (Adverb Clause: “when the sun set“)
10. All that glitters is not gold.
Complex (Adjective Clause: “that glitters“)
11. I think he is absent today.
Complex (Noun Clause: “he is absent today“)
12. I will live where you live.
Complex (Adverb Clause: “where you live“)
13. Night came on and rain fell heavily and we all got very wet.
Compound (Three independent clauses: “Night came on“, “rain fell heavily“, and “we all got very wet“)
14. When I went to the bazaar this morning, I met my old friend whom I had not seen for three years.
Complex (Adverb Clause: “When I went to the bazaar this morning“, Adjective Clause: “whom I had not seen for three years“)
15. I know the man who said that the earth is flat.
Complex (Adjective Clause: “who said that the earth is flat“)
16. He goes to school but his sister stays at home.
Compound (Two independent clauses: “He goes to school” and “his sister stays at home“)
17. I have no sympathy for a man who is not a hero in the battle of life.
Complex (Adjective Clause: “who is not a hero in the battle of life“)
18. He does not know who has stolen your books.
Complex (Noun Clause: “who has stolen your books“)
19. Ashok passed but Raman failed.
Compound (Two independent clauses: “Ashok passed” and “Raman failed“)
20. Nobody knows where he was murdered.
Complex (Noun Clause: “where he was murdered“)
21. The news is so good that it cannot be true.
Complex (Adverb Clause: “that it cannot be true“)
22. The boy who was lost yesterday has been found by the police.
Complex (Adjective Clause: “who was lost yesterday“)
23. Was he asleep or awake?
Compound (Two independent clauses: “Was he asleep” and “awake?“)
24. He went to the window to look out but found no one there.
Compound (Two independent clauses: “He went to the window to look out” and “found no one there“)
25. When the cat is away, the mouse is at play.
Complex (Adverb Clause: “When the cat is away“)

The Phrase and the Clause Exercises with Answers for Class 8 and Worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 16.1 Bold the Clauses in the following sentences, and tell the kind of each :-

1. I asked her where she was going.
2. He expected that he would win a prize.
3. The boys went home when the schools was over.
4. He will pass if he works hard.
5. No one knows where he lives.
6. The mice will play when the cat is away.
7. God helps those who help themselves.
8. This is the house where I was born.
9. I do not know what she wants.
10. I think he will pass this year.
11. This is the boy who saved your child’s life.
12. I met her when I was in Mumbai.
13. The dog which bit the child was mad.
14. I know who is to blame.
15. I know the man who is there.
16. This is the house that Jack built.
17. People who eat too much die early.
18. This is the beggar whom we met yesterday.
19. I know when he will come.
20. I know the time when he will come.

Answers:
1. I asked her (Main Clause) where she was going (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “asked.”
2. He expected (Main Clause) that he would win a prize (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “expected.”
3. The boys went home (Main Clause) when the school was over (Adverbial Clause).
Adverbial Clause: Modifies the verb “went” by providing the time.
4. He will pass (Main Clause) if he works hard (Adverbial Clause).
Adverbial Clause: Indicates the condition under which he will pass.
5. No one knows (Main Clause) where he lives (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “knows.”
6. The mice will play (Main Clause) when the cat is away (Adverbial Clause).
Adverbial Clause: Modifies the verb “will play” by providing the time.
7. God helps (Main Clause) those who help themselves (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “helps.”
8. This is the house (Main Clause) where I was born (Adverbial Clause).
Adverbial Clause: Modifies the noun “house” by providing information about it.
9. I do not know (Main Clause) what she wants (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “know.”
10. I think (Main Clause) he will pass this year (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “think.”
11. This is the boy (Main Clause) who saved your child’s life (Adjective Clause).
Adjective Clause: Modifies the noun “boy” by providing additional information.
12. I met her (Main Clause) when I was in Mumbai (Adverbial Clause).
Adverbial Clause: Modifies the verb “met” by providing the time.
13. The dog was mad (Main Clause) which bit the child (Adjective Clause).
Adjective Clause: Modifies the noun “dog” by providing additional information.
14. I know (Main Clause) who is to blame (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “know.”
15. I know the man (Main Clause) who is there (Adjective Clause).
Adjective Clause: Modifies the noun “man” by providing additional information.
16. This is the house (Main Clause) that Jack built (Adjective Clause).
Adjective Clause: Modifies the noun “house” by providing additional information.
17. People die early (Main Clause) who eat too much (Adjective Clause).
Adjective Clause: Modifies the noun “people” by providing additional information.
18. This is the beggar (Main Clause) whom we met yesterday (Adjective Clause).
Adjective Clause: Modifies the noun “beggar” by providing additional information.
19. I know (Main Clause) when he will come (Noun Clause).
Noun Clause: Acts as the object of the verb “know.”
20. I know the time (Main Clause) when he will come (Adverbial Clause).
Adverbial Clause: Modifies the noun “time” by providing additional information about it.

Summary of Clause Types:

Main Clause: Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
Noun Clause: Acts as a noun in the sentence (subject, object, or complement).
Adverbial Clause: Modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, usually indicating time, place, condition, or manner.
Adjective Clause: Modifies a noun or pronoun, providing additional information about it.

Exercise 16.2 Fill in the blanks with suitable Clauses. One has been done for you :-
(a) Adverbs Clauses

1. He will pass   if he studies hard.

2. He came ________________.
3. They fought ______________ .
4. Make hay _______________.
5. His father died __________.
6. Work hard ___________.
7. Wait ___________.
8. Do ___________.
9. We eat __________.
10. _____________ I will keep it.

(b) Adjective Clauses

1. He lost the book
2. I know the man
3. This is the pen
4. They never fail
5. I found an umbrella
6. I remember
7. God helps those
8. This is the book
9. All that glitters is
10. He is the boy

(c) Noun Clauses

1. Do you know
2.He spends
3. We know ____________
4. Can you deny _________
5. I often wonder _______________
6. She says ________________
7. Do you deny _______________
8. ____________________ is quite certain.
9. This is _____________________.
10. ______________ is a mystery.

Answers:
(a) Adverb Clauses

1. He will pass if he studies hard.
2. He came as soon as he heard the news.
3. They fought until they were exhausted.
4. Make hay while the sun shines.
5. His father died when he was a child.
6. Work hard so that you may succeed.
7. Wait until I return.
8. Do as I say.
9. We eat because we are hungry.
10. If you give it to me, I will keep it.

(b) Adjective Clauses

1. He lost the book that he had borrowed.
2. I know the man who lives next door.
3. This is the pen which I bought yesterday.
4. They never fail who try their best.
5. I found an umbrella that was lying on the road.
6. I remember the day when we met.
7. God helps those who help themselves.
8. This is the book which I wanted to read.
9. All that glitters is not gold.
10. He is the boy who won the prize.

(c) Noun Clauses

1. Why she left is a mystery.
2. Do you know where he lives?
3. He spends what he earns.
4. We know that the Earth is round.
5. Can you deny that he is right?
6. I often wonder why he left.
7. She says that she is tired.
8. Do you deny that you broke the vase?
9. That he will come is quite certain.
10. This is what I was looking for.

Structure of Sentences Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 15.1 Arrange the group of words in their proper order to make sensible sentences :-

1. In time, a stitch, nine, saves
2. now, are crossing, the Atlantic, airmen, quite regularly
3. we used, years ago, instead of, electric lamps, oil lamps
4. plenty of money, by kind friends, he was supplied with
5. unanimously, elected him, caption of the team, the boys
6. our mother, this interesting story, one wintry night, told us
7. at the end of the road, a beautiful statue, you will find, made of marble
8. how to do it, again and again, they showed him
9. the Arctic Ocean, airmen, very often, yet, have not crossed
10. a large number of foreigners, in the park, yesterday, they saw, taking photographs

Answers:
1. A stitch in time saves nine.
2. Airmen are now crossing the Atlantic quite regularly.
3. Years ago, we used oil lamps instead of electric lamps.
4. He was supplied with plenty of money by kind friends.
5. The boys unanimously elected him captain of the team.
6. Our mother told us this interesting story one wintry night.
7. You will find a beautiful statue made of marble at the end of the road.
8. They showed him again and again how to do it.
9. Airmen have not yet crossed the Arctic Ocean very often.
10. Yesterday, they saw a large number of foreigners in the park taking photographs.

Exercise 15.3bold the Indirect objects and bold the Direct objects in each sentences :-

1. The teacher asked us to sing a song.
2. I apologised to Rohan my mistake.
3. Please give this book to him.
4. The leader proposed that we should follow his plan.
5. She told me that film was terrible.

Answers:
1. The teacher asked us to sing a song.
Indirect object: us (underlined)
Direct object: song (circled)
2. I apologised to Rohan my mistake.
Indirect object: Rohan (underlined)
Direct object: mistake (circled)
3. Please give this book to him.
Indirect object: him (underlined)
Direct object: book (circled)
4. The leader proposed that we should follow his plan.
Indirect object: None
Direct object: plan (circled)
5. She told me that film was terrible.
Indirect object: me (underlined)
Direct object: film (circled)
Summary:
Indirect Object: Indicates to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done.
Direct Object: Indicates what or whom the action of the verb is done.

Phrasal Verbs Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Phrasal verbs

Exercise 14.1 Join the following verbs and particles together to form phrasal verbs.

Verb	Particle
get	off
pull	on
put	up
hold	down
call	off
speak	through
call	on
let	through
count	back

Answers:
get-back
pull-through
put-up
hold-on
call-off
speak-through
call-on
let-off
count-down

Complete the answer

Exercise 14.2 Complete the answer to these questions with the help of phrasal verbs. One has been done for you :-

1. Ali : What shall I do with this form?
Sunil : Just fill it in and send it to address at the top.
2. Rehan : Is Soina a fast runner?
Kabir : Oh, yes. Nobody else can keep _________
3. Ayub : Why didn’t you buy a dictionary?
Zeenat : The bookshop has run _________________
4. Mohan : Did you believe Javed’s story?
Aamir : No, I knew he must have made ____________
5. Rahim : Did Salma play with her cousins when they came to stay?
Ravi : Oh yes. She got _____________

Answers:
Rehan: Is Soina a fast runner?
Kabir: Oh, yes. Nobody else can keep up with her.
Ayub: Why didn’t you buy a dictionary?
Zeenat: The bookshop has run out of them.
Mohan: Did you believe Javed’s story?
Aamir: No, I knew he must have made it up.
Rahim: Did Salma play with her cousins when they came to stay?
Ravi: Oh yes. She got along with them very well.

Replace a word

Exercise 14.3 Select one phrasal verb form the list given in the box to replace a word or a phrase in each sentence. One has been done for you :-

cut short, take off, turn back, start out, keep on

1. The plane left on time.
Answers : The plane took off on time.

2. We began our trip early in the morning.
3. We wanted to interrupt our trip in Nepal.
4. There was a thunderstorm but the plane continued flying.
5. But soon the pilot decided to return to Tokyo.

Answers:
2. We started out our trip early in the morning.
3. We wanted to cut short our trip in Nepal.
4. There was a thunderstorm but the plane kept on flying.
5. But soon the pilot decided to turn back to Tokyo.

Tense form of the verbs

Correct form of verbs

Exercise 14.5 Replace the bold words in the sentences with the correct form of verbs given in the box. ONe has been done for you.

at a loss, find out, look back on, own up, as a rule, set off, turn down, carry on, at times, bag and baggage

1. I am sure we will all remember this holiday for a long time.
Ans. I am sure we will all look back on this holiday for a long time.

2. Unless Ramesh confesses, the mystery will remain unsolved.
3. They cannot continue with the construction unless the labour cooperates.
4. The master soon discovered what his servant was up to.
5. Before you refused this offer, consider it very carefully.
6. They started on their journey with great hopes and enthusiasm.
7. I am quite puzzled and cannot explain his behaviour.
8. He occasionally loses his temper and becomes violent.
9. He was ordered to leave, leaving nothing behind.
10. A sensible man, usually, cars much for public opinion.

Answers:
2. Unless Ramesh owns up, the mystery will remain unsolved.
3. They cannot carry on with the construction unless the labour cooperates.
4. The master soon found out what his servant was up to.
5. Before you turn down this offer, consider it very carefully.
6. They set off on their journey with great hopes and enthusiasm.
7. I am quite at a loss and cannot explain his behaviour.
8. He at times loses his temper and becomes violent.
9. He was ordered to leave, bag and baggage, leaving nothing behind.
10. A sensible man, as a rule, cares much for public opinion.

Prepositions Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Suitable Prepositions

Correct the sentences

Exercise 13.2 Correct the following sentences. There is an error in each of them :-

1. I have not met my father from a long time.
2. The four friends distributed the money between them.
3. Beside being heavily fined, he was sent to the jail.
4. He has been suffering from fever from last Monday.
5. He is the boy whom I gave the book too.
6. He was struck at the head with an unknown assailant.
7. He jumped in the well to escape arrest.
8. He is very proud about his success in the tournament.
9. The train will arrive in the station by the right time.
10. What are you looking?

Answers:
1. Incorrect: I have not met my father from a long time.
Correct: I have not met my father for a long time.
2. Incorrect: The four friends distributed the money between them.
Correct: The four friends distributed the money among them.
3. Incorrect: Beside being heavily fined, he was sent to the jail.
Correct: Besides being heavily fined, he was sent to jail.
4. Incorrect: He has been suffering from fever from last Monday.
Correct: He has been suffering from fever since last Monday.
5. Incorrect: He is the boy whom I gave the book too.
Correct: He is the boy to whom I gave the book.
6. Incorrect: He was struck at the head with an unknown assailant.
Correct: He was struck on the head by an unknown assailant.
7. Incorrect: He jumped in the well to escape arrest.
Correct: He jumped into the well to escape arrest.
8. Incorrect: He is very proud about his success in the tournament.
Correct: He is very proud of his success in the tournament.
9. Incorrect: The train will arrive in the station by the right time.
Correct: The train will arrive at the station on time.
10. Incorrect: What are you looking?
Correct: What are you looking at?

Suitable Prepositions

Adverbs Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with Solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Form Adverbs

Opposite of Adverbs

Complete the sentences

So, such, so … that or such … that

Quite or rather

Quite, rather, fairly, too or enough

Correct form of Adverbs

Adverbs

Exercise 12.8 Complete the sentences by putting the Adverbs (given in the brackets) in the right position. one has been done for you :-

1. I have lived in Nainital ___________________ (among) the locals ___________________ (peacefully) in my life.
Answer: I have peacefully all my life among the locals in Nainital.

2. Pandit Jasraj holds concerts _______________ (often, successfully, abroad).
3. I am certain you will be successful _______________ (in life, absolutely, very).
4. The injured were taken to a safe place _______________ (immediately/seriously/luckily).
5. We saw _______________ (suddenly/on the road/an accident/yesterday).
6. This bank ______________ (strangely/on Raksha Bandhan day/till on p.m.)
7. I met her _________________ (last night/unexpectedly/at the party).
8. I take my dinner ______________ (8 p.m./always/everyday).
9. Traffic is _____________ (usually/at this hour/very heavy).
10. Vanita ____________ (hardly/strangely/lost her tamper).

Answers:
2. Pandit Jasraj holds concerts successfully abroad often.
3. I am certain you will be absolutely successful in life very.
4. The injured were taken to a safe place immediately luckily seriously.
5. We saw an accident suddenly yesterday on the road.
6.This bank is strangely closed on Raksha Bandhan day till 8 p.m.
7. I met her unexpectedly last night at the party.
8. I take my dinner always at 8 p.m. every day.
9. Traffic is usually very heavy at this hour.
10. Vanita strangely hardly lost her tamper.

Phrases

Exercise 12.9 Change the underline phrases with single words chosen from the box :-

angrily,           sometimes,     now,       annually,      everywhere,       briefly,            punctually,            soon,          suddenly ,           immediately, 

1. She looked in all places for her lost keys.
2. You will hear from her in a short time.
3. All of a sudden, the stranger took out his revolver and fired at him.
4. Now and then I have letters from my sister.
5. She shouted in an angry manner.
6. Please come here without delay.
7. Diwali is celebrated once a year.
8. The train arrived at the fixed time.
9. Can you explain your plan in a few words.
10. Where is your mother living at the present time.

Answers:
1. She looked everywhere for her lost keys.
2. You will hear from her soon.
3. Suddenly, the stranger took out his revolver and fired at him.
4. Occasionally, I have letters from my sister.
5. She shouted angrily.
6. Please come here immediately.
7. Diwali is celebrated annually.
8. The train arrived on time.
9. Can you explain your plan briefly?
10. Where is your mother currently living?

Adjectives – Degrees of Comparison Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with Solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 11.1 Complete the sentences using the Comparative form :-
1. I have seen many tall buildings but the building in New York are ________
2. The flight over the mountains was rather short. I had expected it __________
3. Please give me some sugar. I like my coffee to be _________
4. Don’t walk so slowly. I know you can _______
5. We went to the next room to find some quiet place but it ________
6. You have no experience of doing this work. We want someone __________
7. Raman was rejected because he was only 18. The company wanted someone ______
8. This movie is awful. Let us watch _________
9. We missed the train. We should have __________
10. He was already feeling bad about his behavior at the party. His friends, comments made him ________

Answers:
1. I have seen many tall buildings but the buildings in New York are taller.
2. The flight over the mountains was rather short. I had expected it to be longer.
3. Please give me some sugar. I like my coffee to be sweeter.
5. Don’t walk so slowly. I know you can walk faster.
6. We went to the next room to find some quiet place but it was noisier.
7. You have no experience of doing this work. We want someone more experienced.
8. This movie is awful. Let us watch a better one.
9. We missed the train. We should have arrived earlier.
10. He was already feeling bad about his behavior at the party. His friends’ comments made him feel worse.

Much, better, a lot, a little, a bit

 

Complete the blanks

Rewrite

Exercise 11.5 Rewrite the following sentences using as … as … :-

1. It is not today but it was hotter yesterday.
2. This is an interesting story but the one I read yesterday was more interesting.
3. Dhoni could captain the team better then Dravid .
4. I do not think Ishant Sharma can bowl better Irfan Pathan.
5. Delhi is a costlier city than Chennai.

Answers:
1. It is not as hot today as it was yesterday.
2. This story is not as interesting as the one I read yesterday.
3. Dhoni could not captain the team as well as Irfan Pathan.
4. I do not think Ishant Sharma can bowl as well as Dravid.
5. Delhi is not as inexpensive as Chennai.

Superlative degree

Comparative or Superlative form 

Fill in the blanks

Superlative

Change Sentences

Exercise 11.10 Change the following sentences as directed :-

1. Ashoka was one of the greatest kings (Change to Positive degree)
2. I have no eaten a more delicious cake. (Change to Superlative degree)
3. This is the oldest church in Spain. (Change to Comparative degree)
4. No pop singer is more famous than Michael Jackson. (Change to Superlative)
5. No one is as lazy as Mohan in the class. (Change to Comparative degree)
6. Hari and you are teller than me. (Change to Positive degree)

Answers:
1. Ashoka was a great king.
2. I have eaten the most delicious cake.
3. This church is older than many others in Spain.
4. Michael Jackson is the most famous pop singer.
5. Mohan is lazier than anyone else in the class.
6. I am shorter than Hari and you.

Active and Passive Voice Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Active to Passive Voice

Exercise 10.1 Turn the following Present Tense sentences from Active to Passive Voice :-

1. Simon teaches children the art of water colour painting.
2. We have donated a variety of books for the library.
3. The captain always encourages us to do our best.
4. Rehman wants to play in the One Day Matches against Sri Lanka.
5. What does the company charge as fee for this course?
6. Has someone seen my new bag?
7. Is she still working in this office?
8. You must help the poor.
9. Everyone laughed at the poor beggar.
10. The woman are praying in the temple.

Answers:
1. Active: Simon teaches children the art of water colour painting.
Passive: Children are taught the art of water colour painting by Simon.
2. Active: We have donated a variety of books for the library.
Passive: A variety of books have been donated for the library by us.
3. Active: The captain always encourages us to do our best.
Passive: We are always encouraged by the captain to do our best.
4. Active: Rehman wants to play in the One Day Matches against Sri Lanka.
Passive: To play in the One Day Matches against Sri Lanka is wanted by Rehman.
5. Active: What does the company charge as fee for this course?
Passive: What is charged as a fee for this course by the company?
6. Active: Has someone seen my new bag?
Passive: Has my new bag been seen by someone?
7. Active: Is she still working in this office?
Passive: Is this office still being worked in by her?
8. Active: You must help the poor.
Passive: The poor must be helped by you.
9. Active: Everyone laughed at the poor beggar.
Passive: The poor beggar was laughed at by everyone.
10. Active: The women are praying in the temple.
Passive: The temple is being prayed in by the women.

Past Tense

Exercise 10.2 The following sentences are in the Past Tense. Active Voice, Turn them from Active to Passive Voice :-

1. My mother knitted this cardigan for me.
2.The villagers had lost all their possessions during the floods.
3. Did you forgot to post this letter yesterday.
4. The children were helping the teacher in decorating the class.
5. Did the police stop the strikers from doing damage to public property?
6. Why did you frighten the horses?
7. Someone stole my suitcase from the railway compartment.
8. He did not tell the members about the meeting on time.
9. She asked me to shut the door and lock it properly.
10. They believed that the experiment failed because of bad planning?

Answers:
1. Active: My mother knitted this cardigan for me.
Passive: This cardigan was knitted for me by my mother.
2. Active: The villagers had lost all their possessions during the floods.
Passive: All their possessions had been lost by the villagers during the floods.
3. Active: Did you forget to post this letter yesterday?
Passive: Was this letter forgotten to be posted by you yesterday?
4. Active: The children were helping the teacher in decorating the class.
Passive: The teacher was being helped by the children in decorating the class.
5. Active: Did the police stop the strikers from doing damage to public property?
Passive: Was the damage to public property stopped by the police from being done by the strikers?
6. Active: Someone stole my suitcase from the railway compartment.
Passive: My suitcase was stolen from the railway compartment by someone.
7. Active: He did not tell the members about the meeting on time.
Passive: The members were not told about the meeting on time by him.
8. Active: She asked me to shut the door and lock it properly.
Passive: I was asked by her to shut the door and lock it properly.
10. Active: They believed that the experiment failed because of bad planning.
Passive: It was believed by them that the experiment failed because of bad planning.

Passive form

Correct passive form

Exercise 10.5 Rewrite the following passage in the Passive Voice in the Past Tense :-

The villagers witnessed a terrible train accident last night. The fire brigade fought the fire involving five bogies, while ambulance rescued the survivors. Ambulance took all the survivors to hospital. No one knows yet the cause of the accident. The government has ordered a full investigation. Newspapers and TV reporters have already interviewed many of the survivors. They say that there must be some eye witnesses. The police and the reporters are continuing the search.

Answers:
A terrible train accident was witnessed by the villagers last night. The fire brigade fought the fire involving five bogies, while the survivors were rescued by the ambulance. All the survivors were taken to the hospital by the ambulance. The cause of the accident is not yet known by anyone. A full investigation has been ordered by the government. Many of the survivors have already been interviewed by newspapers and TV reporters. It is said by them that there must be some eye witnesses. The search is being continued by the police and the reporters.

Exercise 10.6 Rewrite the following passage in the passive form. (Future Tense) :-

The government is going to make an important in the announcement tomorrow. They will ban all cars from entering Delhi. They will enter according to their serial numbers. Cars ending in numbers 123 will not enter on Monday, 456 on Tuesday, 678 on Wednesday and so on. This will help people, as pollution is seriously affecting their health. The government is making plans for a new environment police force. After all they must do something before it is too late.

Answers:
An important announcement is going to be made by the government tomorrow. All cars will be banned from entering Delhi. They will be allowed to enter according to their serial numbers. Cars ending in numbers 123 will not be allowed to enter on Monday, 456 on Tuesday, 678 on Wednesday, and so on. People will be helped by this, as their health is being seriously affected by pollution. Plans for a new environment police force are being made by the government. After all, something must be done by them before it is too late.

Exercise 10.7 Change the following sentences into the passive form according to the examples given :-

1. One must keep one’s promises.
2. The police may have caught the culprit by now.
3. You should do your duty come what may.
4. Without sincere hard work, you cannot achieve success.
5. You should have helped your brother when he needed it.
6. You ought to win this race, you have worked hard for it.
7. You might disturb the whole system by what you are doing.
8. We may revise the pay scales shortly.
9. We could hear the noise of the drums from a distance.
10. Why couldn’t you complete the building in the stipulated time.

Answers:
1. Active: One must keep one’s promises.
Passive: Promises must be kept.
2. Active: The police may have caught the culprit by now.
Passive: The culprit may have been caught by the police by now.
3. Active: You should do your duty come what may.
Passive: Your duty should be done come what may.
4. Active: Without sincere hard work, you cannot achieve success.
Passive: Success cannot be achieved without sincere hard work.
5. Active: You should have helped your brother when he needed it.
Passive: Your brother should have been helped by you when he needed it.
6. Active: You ought to win this race, you have worked hard for it.
Passive: This race ought to be won by you, you have worked hard for it.
7. Active: You might disturb the whole system by what you are doing.
Passive: The whole system might be disturbed by what you are doing.
8. Active: We may revise the pay scales shortly.
Passive: The pay scales may be revised shortly.
9. Active: We could hear the noise of the drums from a distance.
Passive: The noise of the drums could be heard from a distance.
10. Active: Why couldn’t you complete the building in the stipulated time?
Passive: Why couldn’t the building be completed in the stipulated time by you?

Exercise 10.8 Change the following from Active into Passive :-

1. Shut the door.
2. Do not tell him anything about our new plan.
3. Spare no efforts in Completing this assignment.
4. Clear all the dues by the end of this week.
5. Don’t move.

Answers:
1. Shut the door.
Let the door be shut.
2. Active: Do not tell him anything about our new plan.
Passive: Let nothing be told to him about our new plan.
3. Active: Spare no efforts in completing this assignment.
Passive: Let no efforts be spared in completing this assignment.
4. Active: Clear all the dues by the end of this week.
Passive: Let all the dues be cleared by the end of this week.
5. Active: Don’t move.
Passive: Let there be no movement.

Exercise 10.9 Use Let in the beginning of each of the sentences given in Exercise 8 above :-

Example : 1. Let us shut the door.

Answers:
1. Shut the door.
Let the door be shut.
2. Do not tell him anything about our new plan.
Let him not be told anything about our new plan.
3. Spare no efforts in completing this assignment.
Let no efforts be spared in completing this assignment.
4. Clear all the dues by the end of this week.
Let all the dues be cleared by the end of this week.
5. Don’t move.
Let there be no movement.

Exercise 10.10 Change the following sentences into Passive form with the help of the words given in the box. one has been done for you :-

1. Keep; off the grass.
You are requested to keep off the grass.

2. Do not pluck flowers.
3. Do not trespass or you will be prosecuted.
4. All guests should be in their seats by five o’clock.
5. All members must follow the new rules.
6. Everyone expected Akhil Singh to win a medal at the Beijing Olympics.
7. They hope to find a cure for this disease soon.
8. Some still believe that Subhash Chandra Bose did not die in the air crash.

Answers:
2. Active: Do not pluck flowers.
Passive: You are requested not to pluck flowers.
3. Active: Do not trespass or you will be prosecuted.
Passive: Trespassing is prohibited, or you will be prosecuted.
4. Active: All guests should be in their seats by five o’clock.
Passive: All guests are requested to be in their seats by five o’clock.
5. Active: All members must follow the new rules.
Passive: The new rules must be followed by all members.
6. Active: Everyone expected Akhil Singh to win a medal at the Beijing Olympics.
Passive: It was expected by everyone that Akhil Singh would win a medal at the Beijing Olympics.
7. Active: They hope to find a cure for this disease soon.
Passive: It is hoped that a cure for this disease will be found soon.
8. Active: Some still believe that Subhash Chandra Bose did not die in the air crash.
Passive: It is still believed by some that Subhash Chandra Bose did not die in the air crash.

Exercise 10.11 Change the verbs in the following sentences into either Active or Passive Form :

1. His performance in the shooting event was praised by everyone.
2. This Mall was built ten years ago.
3. By whom was this exercise written?
4. I was astounded by her stupid behavior at the club.
5. Let the post be advertised.
6. I should be allowed to attend the meeting by them.
7. You are not allowed to walk on the grass.
8. It is expected that the new changes in the salary structure will be announced shortly.
9. You are requested to be seated on time.
10. I found that my bag had been stolen from the bus before it reached Delhi.
11. The ticket will be given to you by my secretary tomorrow.
12. The parents will have been informed by post by them.

Answers:
1. Passive: His performance in the shooting event was praised by everyone.
Active: Everyone praised his performance in the shooting event.
2. Passive: This Mall was built ten years ago.
Active: They built this Mall ten years ago.
3. Passive: By whom was this exercise written?
Active: Who wrote this exercise?
4. Passive: I was astounded by her stupid behavior at the club.
Active: Her stupid behavior at the club astounded me.
5. Passive: Let the post be advertised.
Active: Advertise the post.
6. Passive: I should be allowed to attend the meeting by them.
Active: They should allow me to attend the meeting.
7. Passive: You are not allowed to walk on the grass.
Active: They do not allow you to walk on the grass.
8. Passive: It is expected that the new changes in the salary structure will be announced shortly.
Active: They expect to announce the new changes in the salary structure shortly.
9. Passive: You are requested to be seated on time.
Active: They request you to be seated on time.
10. Passive: I found that my bag had been stolen from the bus before it reached Delhi.
Active: I found that someone had stolen my bag from the bus before it reached Delhi.
11. Passive: The ticket will be given to you by my secretary tomorrow.
Active: My secretary will give you the ticket tomorrow.
12. Passive: The parents will have been informed by post by them.
Active: They will have informed the parents by post.

Verbs Non – Finites Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Exercise 9.1 Complete the following sentences by using infinitives :-

verb + Infinitive

Example : Is it proper to use this room?

1. It is safe _______________________________________________________
2. It was a pleasure _______________________________________________________
3. Everybody hopes _______________________________________________________
4. The book is _______________________________________________________
5. It was impossible _______________________________________________________

Answers:

1. It is safe to swim in the pool.
2. It was a pleasure to meet you.
3. Everybody hopes to succeed in life.
4. The book is interesting to read.
5. It was impossible to solve the problem.

Verb + Object + Infinitive

Using It

Exercise 9.3 Rewrite the following sentences using ‘It‘ :-

1. To tell lies is wrong.
2. To reject this offer will be foolish.
3. To be present at your party will be a pleasure.
4. To play on the road is unsafe for children.
5. To grab all the presents was very selfish on her part.

Answers:
1. It is wrong to tell lies.
2. It will be foolish to reject this offer.
3. It will be a pleasure to be present at your party.
4. It is unsafe for children to play on the road.
5. It was very selfish on her part to grab all the presents.

Adverb

Exercise 9.4 Rewrite the following sentences by using the Adverb too (Remember to place it before an objective) + an infinitive :-

1. It was so hot today that we could not work.
2. She was so frightened that she could not speak for a few minutes.
3. This news is so good that I can’t believe it.
4. The room was so noisy that I could not hear what my friend said.
5. His clothes were so shabby that he was not allowed to enter the club.

Answers:
1. It was too hot today to work.
2. She was too frightened to speak for a few minutes.
3. This news is too good to believe.
4. The room was too noisy to hear what my friend said.
5. His clothes were too shabby to be allowed into the club.

‘enough’ + an infinitive

Exercise 9.5 Join the following sentences by using ‘enough’ + an infinitive :-

Example : The boy was not tall. He would not reach the shelf.
The boy was not tall enough to reach the shelf.

1. She was not very smart. She could not solve the puzzle in time.
2. He wasted all his wealth. He was very foolish.
3. He is quite honest. He can face any temptation.
4. He never complained about his work. He was patient.
5. Martin was not a strong boy. He could not lift heavy objects.

Answers:
1. She was not smart enough to solve the puzzle in time.
2. He was foolish enough to waste all his wealth.
3. He is honest enough to face any temptation.
4. He was patient enough to never complain about his work.
5. Martin was not strong enough to lift heavy objects.

Infinitive with or without to

Pair of sentences using a Participle

Exercise 9.7 Combine the pair of sentences using a Participle :-

1. I was in the hotel. I was waiting for my friend to arrive.
2. The little saw a monkey. He began to cry.
3. Ramesh picked up the mobile phone. He rang up his mother.
4. His friend seized his arm. He led him away from the party.
5. The crow stole a piece of cheese. He flew to his nest to enjoy it.
6. He seized his stick. He rushed out to chase the thief.
7. I met Abid on the road. He was carrying a load of books in his bag.
8. The enemy was beaten thoroughly. The enemy ran away from the field.
9. He was elected President. The people gave their full support.
10. The master was absent for a long time. The business was badly neglected.

Answers:
1. Waiting for my friend to arrive, I was in the hotel.
2. Seeing a monkey, the little boy began to cry.
3. Picking up the mobile phone, Ramesh rang up his mother.
4. Seizing his friend’s arm, he led him away from the party.
5. Stealing a piece of cheese, the crow flew to his nest to enjoy it.
6. Seizing his stick, he rushed out to chase the thief.
7. I met Abid on the road, carrying a load of books in his bag.
8. Beaten thoroughly, the enemy ran away from the field.
9. Elected President, he received the full support of the people.
10. Being absent for a long time, the master neglected the business badly.

Present or Past Participles

Exercise 9.8 Pick out the Participles in the following sentences and state whether they are Present or Past Participles :-

1. The enemy, beaten at every point, fled from the field.
2. Seeing the sunshine we decided to go for a picnic.
3. The hungry fox saw some grapes hanging from the vines.
4. She kept us waiting outside her office for two hours.
5. We saw a car driven at full speed crash against a bus.
6. Encouraged by his success, he expanded his business.
7. Dissatisfied with his present job he resigned and left.
8. Displeased by his servant’s actions he ordered him to leave at once.
9. Charmed by her presence, they offered her a role in their next picture.
10. Walking up to the front door he rang the bell loudly.

Answers:
1. beaten (Past Participle)
2. Seeing (Present Participle)
3. hanging (Present Participle)
4. waiting (Present Participle)
5. driven (Past Participle)
6. Encouraged (Past Participle)
7. Dissatisfied (Past Participle)
8. Displeased (Past Participle)
9. Charmed (Past Participle)
10. Walking (Present Participle)

Match A and B

Exercise 9.9 Match A and B to make sensible sentences :-

A	B
1. Don’t try	a. breaking this window.
2. I do not agree to	b. without meeting my sister
3. The camera is not suitable for	c. bullying the poor child.
4. Please excuse	d. snowing now.
5. Would you mind	e. reporting the matter to the police.
6. Has it stopped	f. your going on leave very often.
7. We insisted on	g. driving the car when I go away.
8. I went home	h. playing this tune again.
9. Who is responsible for	i. taking pictures without proper light.
10. Why don’t you stop	j. my being late again.

Answers:
1. Don’t try a. breaking this window.
2. I do not agree to f. your going on leave very often.
3. The camera is not suitable for i. taking pictures without proper light.
4. Please excuse j. my being late again.
5. Would you mind h. playing this tune again?
6. Has it stopped d. snowing now?
7. We insisted on e. reporting the matter to the police.
8. I went home b. without meeting my sister.
9. Who is responsible for c. bullying the poor child?
10. Why don’t you stop g. driving the car when I go away?

Suitable Infinitive, Present Participle or Gerund of the verbs

Modals Exercises with Answer for class 8 and worksheet with solution from Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Shall or will

Can,  could, be able to

Must or have to

Either have to, had or will have to

Exercise 8.4 Answer the following questions with either have to, had or will have to. One has been done for you :-

1. Did you pay a fine yesterday for wrong parking?
Yes, I had to pay Rs 300 as a fine.

2. How long will you wait for her?
3. Are you asked to stay back after school for rehearsals ?
4. Why you have come to the bank at this hour?
5. Why did he miss the concert yesterday?
6. Do I tip the waiter?
7. Why did he cancel his trip to Agra?
8. How do I pay the bill – IN cash or by a cheque ?
9. How much did you pay for this dress?
10. How will I travel to Nainital?

Answers:

2. I will have to wait for her until she arrives.
3. Yes, I have to stay back after school for rehearsals.
4. I have to come to the bank to withdraw some money.
5. He had to stay back to complete his work.
6. Yes, you have to tip the waiter.
7. He had to attend an urgent meeting.
8. You have to pay the bill in cash or by cheque.
9. I had to pay a significant amount for this dress.
10. You will have to travel by bus or taxi.

Use must, should, ought to

Exercise 8.5 A few situations are given below. What advice will you give? (Use must, should, ought to ) :-

1. A beggar asking you for money.
2. A big boy bullying a small child.
3. Two students whispering to each other in class.
4. To a policeman who has caught a thief.
5. To a person trying to cross a railway line when the gate has been closed at the crossing.

Answers:
1. You should help the beggar with some food instead of money.
2. You must stop bullying others, as it is harmful and unfair.
3. You ought to pay attention to the teacher and not disturb the class.
4. You must ensure the thief is taken to the station and follows the legal process.
5. You must wait until the gate opens, as crossing now could be extremely dangerous.

Make a request

Exercise 8.6 In the given situation how will you make a request?

Situation
1. Help in solving a sum from a classmate.
Request ______________________________________________________________________________
Situation
2. You need some information about trains.
Request ______________________________________________________________________________
Situation
3. Want to be shown around a farm by the owner.
Request ______________________________________________________________________________
Situation
4. Ask for more time to finished your homework.
Request______________________________________________________________________________
Situation
5. Permission to use your neighborhood’s lawn mower.
Request ______________________________________________________________________________

Answers:

1. Help in solving a sum from a classmate.
Request: Could you please help me with this sum? I’m having some trouble with it.
2. You need some information about trains.
Request: Could you tell me where I can find information about train schedules?
3. Want to be shown around a farm by the owner.
Request: Would you mind showing me around your farm? I’d love to learn more about it.
4. Ask for more time to finish your homework.
Request: Could I please have a little more time to finish my homework?
5. Permission to use your neighbor’s lawn mower.
Request: May I borrow your lawn mower, please? I’ll return it as soon as I’m done.

Use may

Exercise 8.7 Use may as a wish in five sentences of your own.

Answers:

1. May you achieve all your dreams and find happiness.
2. May your journey be safe and successful.
3. May peace and prosperity be with you always.
4. May you find strength in times of hardship.
5. May this year bring you joy and good health.

Appropriate questions

Exercise 8.8 Use the following sentences to form appropriate questions. The First one has been done for you :-

1. Please get me a cup of coffee.
Could you get me a cup of coffee?
2. Father, I want to watch the match on the TV.
Father, may _____________________________________________________________________________?
3. I would like to accompany you.
Would _____________________________________________________________________________?
4. She doesn’t know who to approach for help.
Whom should _____________________________________________________________________________?
5. I do not know what to give her as a birthday present.
What shall _____________________________________________________________________________?
6. I do not know where I am supposed to meet her.
Where should _____________________________________________________________________________?
7. I wish he wasn’t so rude to his juniors.
Why must he _____________________________________________________________________________?
8. Sir, I want a favour from you.
_____________________________________________________________________________?
9. Peter was brave he liked to wander in the forest at night.
_____________________________________________________________________________?
10. Please wait for ten minutes, I’ll be able to talk to you.
_____________________________________________________________________________?

Answers:

2. Father, I want to watch the match on the TV.
Father, may I watch the match on the TV?
3. I would like to accompany you.
Would you mind if I accompany you?
4. She doesn’t know who to approach for help.
Whom should she approach for help?
5. I do not know what to give her as a birthday present.
What shall I give her as a birthday present?
6. I do not know where I am supposed to meet her.
Where should I meet her?
7. I wish he wasn’t so rude to his juniors.
Why must he be so rude to his juniors?
8. Sir, I want a favour from you.
Sir, may I ask a favour from you?
9. Peter was brave; he liked to wander in the forest at night.
Was Peter brave enough to wander in the forest at night?
10. Please wait for ten minutes, I’ll be able to talk to you.

Underline the correct word

Exercise 8.9 Underline the correct word given in the brackets :-

1. The bus (should/should have) arrive any minute now.
2. Mother (shouldn’t/couldn’t) be doing so much housework at her age.
3. Raman (would, wouldn’t) listen to his father’s advice and now he is without a job.
4. You (must, mustn’t) present your project by Saturday.
5. Jack (ought to/ought not to) have spoken so rudely to his neighbour.

Answers:
1. The bus should arrive any minute now.
2. Mother shouldn’t be doing so much housework at her age.
3. Raman wouldn’t listen to his father’s advice and now he is without a job.
4. You must present your project by Saturday.
5. Jack ought not to have spoken so rudely to his neighbour.

Ask questions

Exercise 8.10 Use Modals to ask question on the following situations. One has been done for you :-

1. To ask for something.
Example: Can Seema come with me to the market, auntie?

2. To make a suggestion.
3. To ask if something is necessary.
4. To offer.

Answers:

2. To make a suggestion.
Could we try going for a walk to clear our minds?
3. To ask if something is necessary.
Do I have to submit the assignment by tomorrow?
4. To offer.
Shall I help you carry those bags?

Appropriate Modals

Suitable modal

The Future Tense Exercises with Answers for Class 8 and worksheet with solutions from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Simple Future Tense

Future Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Tense

Suitable form of verbs

Future tense

Exercise 7.5 Rewrite the following sentences using ‘going to’ in place of the future tense of the verbs :-

1. Example : We won’t come to school tomorrow.
We are not going to come school tomorrow.

2. We shall have three weeks holiday during Christmas this year.
3. When will you visit Bengaluru next?
4. I will take medical leave tomorrow, I am very tired.
5. It will rain soon, you must carry your umbrella with you.

Answers:
2. We are going to have three weeks of holiday during Christmas this year.
3. When are you going to visit Bengaluru next?
4. I am going to take medical leave tomorrow; I am very tired.
5. It is going to rain soon; you must carry your umbrella with you.

Exercise 7.6 Replace ‘going to’ in the sentences given below with the Future Tense of the verbs :-

Examples : We are going to have a big celebration in School next week.
We shall have a big celebration in School next week.

1. He is going to be a doctor very soon.
2. I am going to read the newspapers in the evening.
3. When are you going to start playing cricket again?
4. I am going to buy a new car next week.
5. The police are going to question you very soon.

Answers:

1. He will be a doctor very soon.
2. I shall read the newspapers in the evening.
3. When will you start playing cricket again?
4. I shall buy a new car next week.
5. The police will question you very soon.

Exercise 7.7 Use the words given in the box to form questions with ‘going to”. One has been done for you :-

Box	Question	Sentence
to join a club	When	When are you going to join a club?
to vote for	whom
to repaint	when
to serve	what
to stay	where
to watch	who

Answers:
2. Whom are you going to vote for?
3. When are you going to repaint?
4. What are you going to serve?
5. Where are you going to stay?
6. Who are you going to watch?

Exercise 7.9 Your are leaving for a Trek near Manali. Using all the forms of Future Tense, write ten lines about what you expect to enjoy in this Trek.

Answers:
1. I will explore the beautiful landscapes of Manali during my trek.
2. We are going to experience the thrill of climbing the rugged mountains.
3. I shall meet fellow trekkers who share my love for adventure.
4. The fresh air is going to refresh my mind and body as we hike through the trails.
5. I will capture stunning photographs of the breathtaking views along the way.
6. We are going to camp under the stars, enjoying the serene beauty of nature.
7. By the end of the trek, I will have gained a deeper appreciation for the environment.
8. I shall try local delicacies from the villages we pass through.
9. The sound of the river will accompany us as we trek alongside its banks.
10. I am going to cherish these moments and create unforgettable memories from this adventure.

Suitable words

The Past Tense Exercises with Answers for class 8 and worksheet with solution for class 8 from the book Elementary English Grammar for CBSE and ICSE students.

Past Form

Rewrite the following passage

Exercise 6.2 Rewrite the following passage in Simple Past Tense. (First bold all the verbs.) :-

Near the bed, two little children – a boy and a girl – sleep together in a cradle and are smiling in their sleep. How soundly they sleep in their old tottering cradle! It seems as if nothing can wake them up.
Outside the rain beats down in floods and the sea gives forth a sound like an alarm bell. From the old roof, drops of water fall on the floor.

Answers:
Near the bed, two little children – a boy and a girl – slept together in a cradle and smiled in their sleep. How soundly they slept in their old tottering cradle! It seemed as if nothing could wake them up. Outside, the rain beat down in floods and the sea gave forth a sound like an alarm bell. From the old roof, drops of water fell on the floor.

Past Continuous Tense

Exercise 6.3 Rewrite the following sentences, changing the verbs to Past Continuous Tense :-

1. The boy leans against the tree.
2. A cold wind blows.
3. She hid herself.
4. The leaves fell to the ground.
5. He works hard for his examination.
6. The soldiers fight and win.
7. The birds are flying out of the cage since morning.
8. She singing and cannot answer your phone call.
9. Many of us live and work great distances from where we are born or grow up.
10. They are praising her creative abilities, specially in dancing.

Answers:

1. The boy was leaning against the tree.
2. A cold wind was blowing.
3. She was hiding herself.
4. The leaves were falling to the ground.
5. He was working hard for his examination.
6. The soldiers were fighting and winning.
7. The birds were flying out of the cage since morning.
8. She was singing and could not answer your phone call.
9. Many of us were living and working great distances from where we were born or grew up.
10. They were praising her creative abilities, especially in dancing.

Correct verb

Verbs in the sentences

Exercise 6.5 Some of the verbs in the sentences given below are incorrect. Bold them and write the correct form :-

1. My son coughing do so badly last night that he could not sleep.
2. The book reading this afternoon is very interesting, I couldn’t leave it.
3. While I clearing my cupboard, I found my old diary.
4. Our teacher last year always reminding us to work harder.
5. The farmers fought to save their homes from the fire which spread quickly through their fields.

Answers:
1. My son coughing do so badly last night that he could not sleep.
Corrected: My son coughed so badly last night that he could not sleep.
2. The book reading this afternoon is very interesting, I couldn’t leave it.
Corrected: The book I am reading this afternoon is very interesting, I couldn’t leave it.
3. While I clearing my cupboard, I found my old diary.
Corrected: While I was clearing my cupboard, I found my old diary.
4. Our teacher last year always reminding us to work harder.
Corrected: Our teacher last year always reminded us to work harder.
5. The farmers fought to save their homes from the fire which spread quickly through their fields.

Exercise 6.6 Complete the Sentences by bold and select against the correct part :-

1. He had visited many towns before
(a) he was returning home.
(b) he had returned home.
(c) he returned home.
2. I had been reading this book weeks before
(a) she had arrived.
(b) she arrived.
(c) she has arrived.
3. The servant had finished his work when
(a) I had called him.
(b) I called him.
(c) I have called him.
4. The rain had stopped when
(a) we come out.
(b) we would come out.
(c) we had come out.
5. Three years have passed since
(a) his father had died.
(b) his father have died.
(c) his father died.

Answers:
1. He had visited many towns before
(c) he returned home.
2. I had been reading this book weeks before
(b) she arrived.
3. The servant had finished his work when
(b) I called him.
4. The rain had stopped when
(c) we had come out.
5. Three years have passed since
(c) his father died.

Past Perfect Tense

Correct form

Exercise 6.9 There is an error in each sentences of this passage. Bold error and write the correct word in its place in the space given. One has been done for you :-

1. The writer was twelve years old and she use to usually
2. stay with her grandparents in north Karnataka. _______________
3. Since there are very few diversions _______________
4. he entire family eagerly wait for a _______________
5. weekly magazine call “Karamveera.” _______________
6. This magazine is is publishing a famous _______________
7. novel “Kashi Yatre” as a serial which deal _______________
8. with the heroine’s struggle visit Kashi. _______________
9. Since grandmother believe in Kashi Yatra ______________
10. as a pilgrimage, she would identify with _______________
11. the problems of main characters. _______________

Answers:
Correct: used
2. stay with her grandparents in north Karnataka.
Error: north
Correct: North
3. Since there are very few diversions
Error: are
Correct: were
4. the entire family eagerly wait for a
Error: wait
Correct: waited
5. weekly magazine call “Karamveera.”
Error: call
Correct: called
6. This magazine is is publishing a famous
Error: is is
Correct: was
7. novel “Kashi Yatre” as a serial which deal
Error: deal
Correct: deals
8. with the heroine’s struggle visit Kashi.
Error: visit
Correct: to visit
9. Since grandmother believe in Kashi Yatra
Error: believe
Correct: believed
10. as a pilgrimage, she would identify with
No error here.
11. the problems of main characters.

Correct: the main character

Error: main characters

Exercise 6.10 Take any person you admire – he/she can be a sportsman, a leader, an actor or even a relative. Write ten sentences about him or her using all four forms of the Past Tense.

Answers:

Simple Past: Gandhi led India’s independence movement against British rule.
Past Continuous: He was organizing peaceful protests when he was arrested several times.
Past Perfect: By the time India gained independence, Gandhi had spent many years in jail.
Past Perfect Continuous: He had been advocating non-violence and truth throughout his entire life.
Simple Past: He inspired millions of people with his philosophy of non-violence.
Past Continuous: During his travels, he was meeting people from all walks of life.
Past Perfect: Before starting the Salt March, Gandhi had already written to the Viceroy of India.
Past Perfect Continuous: He had been practicing simple living and wearing khadi for many years before becoming a global icon.
Simple Past: He fasted to promote peace during communal violence.
Past Continuous: Even as tensions were rising, Gandhi was spreading the message of unity and harmony.